Status of Sumatran Tiger in the Berbak-Sembilang landscape (2020)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Monitoring the status of the Critically Endangered Sumatran Tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae is a key component for assessing the effectiveness of conservation interventions, and thus informing and adapting strategic planning for the remaining 600 Sumatran Tigers on the island. The Berbak-Sembilang National Park is an integral part of the priority Berbak-Sembilang Tiger Conservation Landscape, in a unique habitat of mixed peat and freshwater swamp in eastern Sumatra. Our camera trap survey covered both the Berbak and Sembilang Tiger Core Areas (BTCA, STCA) over a period of 10 years, with surveys undertaken in 2010, 2015, 2018–2019. The most recent population density estimates (BTCA 1.33 adults/100 km2, 95% CI 0.82–1.91 with 19 adults; and STCA 0.56 adults/100 km2, 95% CI 0.45–0.89 with five adults) confirmed a small but stable population. A landscape level management approach is a priority for tiger population recovery, consolidating ground-based protection and establishing a well-maintained fire management system with reforestation of affected areas along with multi-stakeholder engagement and partnerships. The study also recommends extending the BTCA to include the primary swamp forest in the north of the national park, based on evidence from camera trap surveys.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors own the copyright to the articles published in JoTT. This is indicated explicitly in each publication. The authors grant permission to the publisher Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society to publish the article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. The authors recognize WILD as the original publisher, and to sell hard copies of the Journal and article to any buyer. JoTT is registered under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which allows authors to retain copyright ownership. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the data, modify, reprint, copy and distribute provided the authors and source of publication are credited through appropriate citations (e.g., Son et al. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(7): 8953–8969. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2785.8.7.8953-8969). Users of the data do not require specific permission from the authors or the publisher.
References
Abood, S.A., J.S.H. Lee, Z. Burivalova, J. Garcia‐Ulloa & L.P. Koh (2015). Relative contributions of the logging, fiber, oil palm, and mining industries to forest loss in Indonesia. Conservation Letters 8(1): 58–67.
Amin, R., S.A. Andanje, B. Ogwonka, A.H. Ali, A.E. Bowkett, M. Omar & T. Wacher (2015). The northern coastal forests of Kenya are nationally and globally important for the conservation of Aders’ duiker Cephalophus adersi and other antelope species. Biodiversity and Conservation 24: 641–658.
BSNP (2020). SMART patrol data base [unpublished data file]. Jambi.
BSNP & ZSL (2018). Laporan Monitoring Populasi Harimau di Taman Nasional Berbak-Sembilang Tahun [unpublished report]. Jambi.
Elz, I., K. Tansey, S.E. Page & M. Trivedi (2015). Modelling deforestation and land cover transitions of tropical peatlands in Sumatra, Indonesia using remote sensed land cover data sets. Land 4: 670–87. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/4/3/670/htm
Franklin, N., S. Bastoni, D. Siswomartono, J. Manansang & R. Tilson (1999). Last of the Indonesian tigers: a cause for optimism, pp. 130–147. In: Siedensticker, J., S. Christie & P. Jackson (eds.). Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human Dominated Landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 383pp.
Gelman, A. & J. Hill (2006). Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel Hierarchical Models. Columbia University, New York, 625pp.
Gelman, A., J.B. Carlin, H.S. Stern & R.B. Rubin (eds) (2004). Bayesian Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 668pp.
Giesen, W. (2004). Causes of Peat Swamp Forest Degradation in Berbak NP, Indonesia, and Recommendations for Restoration. Technical Report, 125pp. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16544.64006
Goodrich, J., J. Smith & A. Rabinowitz (2013). The Tigers Forever Protocol: A Roadmap for Tiger Conservation Success. Technical Report, Panthera, New York, 27pp. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19408.30722
GTI (2012). Managing tiger conservation landscapes - habitat connectivity in Sumatra: threats and possible solutions. Available at https:globaltigerinitiative.org.
Huggel, A. (2012). Exiv2 software tool. Available at: <http://www.exiv2.org/index.html> Accessed on 20 August 2017.
Jhala, Y.V., Q. Qureshi & R. Gopal (2009). Field Guide: Monitoring Tigers, Co-predators, Prey and their Habitats. Technical Publication of National Tiger Conservation Authority, New Delhi and the Wildlife Institute of India. Technical Report Tr-2017/012.
Jhala, Y.V., T.K. Dey, Q. Qureshi, J. Kabir, J. Bora & M. Roy (2016). Status of tigers in the Sundarban landscape Bangladesh and India. Bangladesh Forest Department, National Tiger Conservation Authority, New Delhi, & Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. TRNO -2016/002.
Karanth, U. & J.D. Nichols (eds) (2002). Monitoring Tigers and their Prey: a Manual for Researchers, Managers, and Conservationists in Tropical Asia. Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India, 193pp.
Kartika, E.C. (2017). Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human-Tiger Conflicts in Sumatra 2001–2016. Direktorat KKH-KLHK, Jakarta.
Kartika, E.C. (2016). Human-tiger conflict: an overview of incidents, causes and resolution. Technical Report, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3754.2808
KLHK (2020). Profil Kawasan Hutan Jambi. Available at: http://sikutan.menlhk.go.id/webprofil/tables.php?id=Jambi. Accessed on 23 July 2020.
Linkie, M., H.T. Wibisono, D.J. Martyr & S. Sunarto (2008). Panthera tigris ssp. sumatrae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. e.T15966A5334836. Downloaded on 15 May 2020. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15966A5334836.en
Mora, A.M, B.H. Saharjo & L.B. Prasetyo (2019). Forest Fire Occurrence in Berbak Sembilang National Park Jambi Province on 2000-2018 and its relationship with fuel load. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 394: 012043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/394/1/012043
Ng, J. & Nemora (2007). Tiger Trade Revisited in Sumatra, Indonesia. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, 55pp.
Nyhus, J., J. Philip & R. Tilson (2004). Characterizing human-tiger conflict in Sumatra, Indonesia : implications for conservation. Oryx 38(1): 68–74.
R Development Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org.
Royle, J.A., R.B. Chandler, R. Sollmann & B. Gardner (2014). Spatial Capture-Recapture. Academic Press, Massachusetts, 577pp.
Silvius, M.J., Y.R. Noor, I.R. Lubis, W. Giesen & D. Rais (2018a). Sembilang National Park: Mangrove Reserves of Indonesia. In: Finlayson C., G. Milton, R. Prentice & N. Davidson (eds.). The Wetland Book. Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_213
Silvius, M., W. Giesen, R. Lubis & T. Salathé (2018b). Ramsar Advisory Mission N° 85 Berbak National Park Ramsar Site N° 554 (with references to Sembilang National Park Ramsar Site N° 1945 ) - Peat fire prevention through green land development and conservation, Peatland rewetting and public awareness. Ramsar Convention Report 85 554: 1–60.
Sunarto S., M.J. Kelly, S. Klenzendorf, M.R. Vaughan, M.B. Hutajulu, & K. Parakkasi (2013). Threatened predator on the equator: multi-point abundance estimates of the tiger Panthera tigris in Central Sumatra. Oryx 47(2): 211–20.
Wetland International-Indonesia Programme (2002). Management of the ex-peat swamp forest fire areas of Berbak-Sembilang. Sumatra Indonesia, DGIS and Department of Forestry.
Wibisono, H.T. & W. Pusparini (2010). Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae): A review of conservation status. Integrative Zoology 5(4): 313–323.
Wibisono, H.T., M. Linkie, G. Guillera-Arroita, J.A. Smith, W. Pusparini, P. Baroto, N. Brickle, Y. Dinata, E. Gemita, D. Gunaryadi, I.A. Haidir et al. (2011). Population status of a cryptic top predator: an island-wide assessment of tigers in sumatran rainforests. PLoS ONE 6(11): e25931. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931
Zoological Society of London (2020). Human-tiger conflict of BSNP database [Unpublished data file]. Jambi.