Pollination ecology of Chengam Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C.F. Gaertn. (Magnoliopsida: Rubiales: Rubiaceae), a non-viviparous evergreen tree species

Main Article Content

A.J. Solomon Raju
B. Rajesh

Abstract

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C.F. Gaertn. or Chengam is a non-viviparous evergreen tree species. The flowers are bisexual, self-compatible, self-pollinating, temporally dioecious and exhibit a mixed breeding system.  The plant is both melittophilous and anemophilous at the study area.  Natural fruit set is 100% but seeds are non-viable which might be due to a genetic disorder.

 

Article Details

Section
Communications
Author Biographies

A.J. Solomon Raju, Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530003, India

Prof. A.J. Solomon Raju is the Chairman, Board of Studies, Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. He is presently working on endemic and endangered plant species in southern Eastern Ghats forests with financial support from MoEF and CSIR.

 

B. Rajesh, Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530003, India

B. RAJESH is working as Junior Research Fellow in the MoEF Research Project under Prof. A.J. Solomon Raju. He has registered for PhD under Prof. Solomon Raju.

 

References

Almazol, A.E. & C.R. Cervancia (2013). Floral biology and pollination of three mangrove species (Aegiceras floridum Roem. & Schults., Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn.f., and Xylocarpus granatum Koen.) in Pagbilao Mangrove forest, Quezon Province, Philippines. Journal of Nature Studies 12: 39–47.

Baker, H. G. & I. Baker (1973). Some anthecological aspects of evolution of nectar-producing flowers, particularly amino acid production in nectar, pp. 243–264. In: Heywood, V.H. (ed.). Taxonomy and Ecology. Academic Press, London.

Cruden, R.W. (1977). Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution 31: 32–46; http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2407542

Dafni, A., P.G. Kevan & B.C. Husband (2005). Practical Pollination Biology. Enviroquest Ltd., Cambridge, Canada, 583pp.

DeGroot, A.P. (1953). Protein and amino acid requirements of the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L. Physiologia Comparata et Oecologia 3: 197–285.

Ellison, J., N.E. Koedam, Y. Wang, J. Primavera, O. Jin Eong, J.W.H. Yong & V.N. Nam (2010). Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. In: IUCN 2013 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. www.iucnredlist.org. 5th July 2014.

Harborne, J.B. (1973). Phytochemical Methods. Chapman and Hall, London, 288pp.

Heyne, K. (1950). De Nuttige planten van Indonesie (The useful plants of Indonesia). 3rd Edition, 2 Volumes. W. van Hoeve-

Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia, 1660pp.

Hettiarachchi, P. L., P.A.G.W. Premathilake & S. Hettiarachchi (2002). Vegetative propagation of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn F. for conservation. Forestry and Environment Symposium 2002 of the Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.

Puff, C. & U. Rohrhofer (1993). The character states and taxonomic position of the monotypic mangrove genus Scyphiphora (Rubiaceae). Opera Botanica Belgica 6: 43–172.

Puff, C., E. Robbrecht., R. Buchner & P. De Block (1996). A survey of secondary pollen presentation in the Rubiaceae. Opera Botanica Belgica 7: 369–402.

Ramasubramanian, R., T. Ravishankar & D. Sridhar (2003). Mangroves of Andhra Pradesh. Identification and Conservation Manual. M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, 67pp.

Rao, T.A., S. Molur & S. Walker (eds.)(1998). Report of the workshop “Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Mangroves of India†(BCPP Endangered Species Project). Zoo Outreach Organization, Conservation Breeding Specialist Group India, Coimbatore, 106pp.

Selvam, V. & V.M. Karunagaran (2004). Ecology and Biology of Mangroves. M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, 61pp.

Tao, C. & M.T. Charlotte (2011). Scyphiphora, S. 323 - Gattung und art - textgleich online wie gedrucktes Werk. In: Zheng-yi, W., P.H. Raven & H. Deyuan (eds.). Flora of China, Volume - Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press und Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing und St. Louis.

Tomlinson, P.B. (1986). The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge University Press, 419pp.

Wheeler, J.R., B.L. Rye., B.L. Koch & A.J.G. Wilson (1992). Western Australian Herbarium. Flora of the Kimberley Region. Western Australian Herbarium, Como, W.A, 1392pp.

Wim, G., W. Stepha., Z. Max & S. Liesbeth (2006). Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia. FAO Regional Office, Bangkok, 186pp.

Most read articles by the same author(s)