Chemical immobilisation of free ranging Tibetan Wolf Canis lupus chanco Gray, 1863 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) with Ketamine-Xylazine combination in Ladakh, India
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Tibetan Wolf Canis lupus chanco is one of the two Critically Endangered species of Ladakh, India. Six free-ranging Tibetan wolves were immobilized using ketamine and xylazine mixture as part of the rescue operations. Dose rates of 4.92 ± 0.52 mg/kg body weight and 2.08 ± 0.29 mg/kg body weight for ketamine and xylazine respectively provided good level of anesthesia for carrying out effective capture. Drug induction was recorded at 4.4 ± 1.1 minutes with animal coming into sternal recumbency by 5.6 ± 1.5 minutes and animals were approached at 6.2 ± 1.7 minutes. Duration of anesthesia was 35.25 ± 6.07 minutes. Yohimbine administered for reversal at the dosage of 0.125 mg/kg body weight provided reversal effect with animal standing by 15.5 ± 4.2 minutes. The current information suggests that xylazine and ketamine mixture is effective and safe for capturing the free-ranging Tibetan Wolves for wildlife management interventions.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors own the copyright to the articles published in JoTT. This is indicated explicitly in each publication. The authors grant permission to the publisher Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society to publish the article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. The authors recognize WILD as the original publisher, and to sell hard copies of the Journal and article to any buyer. JoTT is registered under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which allows authors to retain copyright ownership. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the data, modify, reprint, copy and distribute provided the authors and source of publication are credited through appropriate citations (e.g., Son et al. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(7): 8953–8969. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2785.8.7.8953-8969). Users of the data do not require specific permission from the authors or the publisher.
References
Belsare, A.V. & A.T. Vanak (2013). Use of xylazine hydrochloride–ketamine hydrochloride for immobilization of Indian Fox (Vulpes bengalensis) in field situations. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44(3): 753–755. https://doi.org/10.1638/2012-0158R.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1638/2012-0158R.1
Chakraborty, G. & A. Das (1994). Xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in a Tibetan Wolf (Canis-lupus chanco). Indian Veterinary Journal 71(10): 1047–1047.
Khan, N.H., B. Pandav & A. Ghosal (2023). Mammals of Ladakh- A Pocket Guide. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, 60 pp.
Malmsten, J. (2007). Blood pressure in free-ranging Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) immobilized with tiletamine and zolazepam. Dissertation. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
Miller, E.R. & M.E. Fowler (eds.) (2014). Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8. Elsevier Health Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri, 792 pp.
Muliya, S.K., A.A. Shanmugam, P. Kalaignan, L. Antony, H. Chandranpillai & N. Jaisingh (2016). Chemical immobilisation of dhole (Cuon alpinus), Indian jackal (Canis aureus indicus) and Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) with ketamine hydrochloride–xylazine hydrochloride. Veterinary Medicine and Science 2(3): 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.35 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.35
Neilsen, L. (1999). Chemical immobilization of wild and exotic animals. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 341 pp.
Nyhus, P. J. (2016). Human–wildlife conflict and coexistence. Annual review of environment and resources 41: 143–171. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085634 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085634
Shawl, T., J. Takpa, P. Tashi & Y. Panchaksharam (2008). Field Guide Mammals of Ladakh. WWF, New Delhi, India, 114 pp.