Parasite commonality at Swamp Deer (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae: Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) and livestock interface
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Interactions between wildlife and livestock have increased over time with increased anthropogenic pressure on limited available natural habitats. These interactions have resulted in sharing of pathogens between the species resulting in impacting the wild animals’ fitness and reproduction and further influencing their abundance and diversity. The spatial overlap between Swamp Deer and livestock was studied at Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve (JJCR), Uttarakhand and Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Uttar Pradesh in India, having different levels of interaction with livestock. The prevalence, load and commonality of gastro-intestinal parasites in the species was studied through coprological examination. Parasitic ova of Strongyle sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Fasciola sp., and Moniezia sp. Amphistomes were encountered in swamp deer and livestock from both the sites. The parasitic species richness and prevalence however, varied between JJCR and KWLS. The study recorded significant differences between the parasitic load in Swamp Deer with the eggs per gram of 487.5±46.30 at JJCR and 363.64±49.97 at KWLS at varying levels of livestock interactions.
Article Details
Authors own the copyright to the articles published in JoTT. This is indicated explicitly in each publication. The authors grant permission to the publisher Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society to publish the article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. The authors recognize WILD as the original publisher, and to sell hard copies of the Journal and article to any buyer. JoTT is registered under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which allows authors to retain copyright ownership. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the data, modify, reprint, copy and distribute provided the authors and source of publication are credited through appropriate citations (e.g., Son et al. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(7): 8953–8969. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2785.8.7.8953-8969). Users of the data do not require specific permission from the authors or the publisher.
References
Bogale, B., M. Chanie, A. Melaku, T. Fentahun & A. Berhanu (2014). Occurrence, intensity and parasite composition of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in Walia Ibex at Semien National park, North Ethopia. Acta Parasitologica Globalis 5 (1): 19-25. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.apg.2014.5.1.8346
Cain, S. A. (1938). The species-area curve. American Midland Naturalist 573-581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2420468
Chakraborty, A. & S. Islam (1996). A survey of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in some free ranging herbivores in the Kaziranga National Park. Zoos’ Print 11(3): 3–5.
Cleaveland, S., M.K. Laurenson & L.H. Taylor (2001). Diseases of humans and their domestic mammals: pathogen characteristics, host range and the risk of emergence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356(1411): 991–999. https://doi.org/10.1091/rstb.2001.0889
Dharmarajan, G., M. Raman & M.C. John (2003). The effects of cattle grazing and habitat on helminth loads of Chital (Axis axis) in the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 100: 58–64.
Dharmarajan, G., M. Raman & M.C. John (2004). Are worms affected by host ecology? A perspective from Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 101: 399–402.
Dharmarajan, G., M. Raman & M.C. John (2005). Effect of season on helminth loads of wild herbivores and cattle in the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India. Zoos’ Print Journal 20: 1766–1769. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.784.1766-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.784.1766-9
Dobson, A. & J. Foufopoulos (2001). Emerging infectious pathogens of wildlife. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356(1411): 1001–1012.
Dobson, A.P. & P.J. Hudson (1986). Parasites, disease and the structure of ecological communities. Trends in Ecology and Evololution 1(1): 11–15.
Foufopoulos, J., S. Altizer & A. Dobson (2002). Interactions between wildlife and domestic livestock in the tropics, pp. 219–244. In: Vandermeer, J.H. (ed.). Tropical Agroecosystems – 1st Edition. C.R.C. Press, 278pp.
Grenfell, B.T. (1992). Parasitism and the dynamics of ungulate grazing systems. The American Naturalist 139(5): 907–929.
Jog, M. & M. Watve (2005). Role of parasites and commensals in shaping host behaviour. Current Science 89(7): 1184–1191.
Lafferty, K.D. (2003). Is disease increasing or decreasing, and does it impact or maintain biodiversity. Journal of Parasitology 89: 101–105.
Midha, N. (2005). Land use, forest fragmentation and river dynamics in Dudhwa landscape and their conservation implication. Doctoral dissertation, Thesis PhD, Saurashtra University.
Midha, N. & P.K. Mathur (2010). Assessment of forest fragmentation in the conservation priority Dudhwa landscape, India using FRAGSTATS computed class level metrics. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 38(3): 487–500.
Nandy, S., S.P.S. Kushwaha & P. Gaur (2012). Identification of Swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli duvauceli Cuvier) potential habitat in Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Uttarakhand, India using multi-criteria analysis. Environmental Management 49(4): 902–914.
Poudel, B.S. (2007). Thirty years of managing Suklaphanta, the Swamp Deer and the Tiger: Issues and Strategies. The Initiation 1(1): 72–76.
Purvis, A., J.L. Gittleman, Cowlishaw, G & G.M. Mace (2000). Predicting extinction risk in declining species. Proceedings of the royal society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 267(1456): 1947–1952.
Qureshi, Q., V.B. Sawarkar, A.R. Rahmani & P.K. Mathur (2004). Swamp deer or barasingha (Cervus duvauceli Cuvier, 1823). Envis Bulletin 7: 181-192.
Sankaran, R. (1990). Status of the swamp deer Cervus duvauceli duvauceli in Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 87: 250–259.
Shrivastav, A.B. & K.P. Singh (2004). Overall mean EPG/EPG of parasites in wild herbivores. Surveillance of infectious and parasitic diseases of native wild animals of Pench Tiger Reserve. Project Report MPFD.
Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. VII Edition. Bailliere Tindall, London, 809pp.
Tewari, R. (2009). A study on the habitat use and food habits of Swamp Deer (Cervus duvauceli duvauceli) in Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Haridwar Forest Division, Uttarakhand. Thesis for PhD: http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/587
Tewari, R. & G.S. Rawat (2013). Studies on the food and feeding habits of Swamp Deer (Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) in Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. International Scholarly Research Notices Zoology. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/278213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/278213
Thrusfield, M. (1986). Surveys. Veterinary epidemiology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-1496-2.50017-3
Tiwari, D.K., A.B. Srivastav & R.K. Sharma (2009). Prevalence of Parasitic Infection in Barasingha and co-inhabitants at Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India, Nepalese Veterinary Journal 29: 6-11.
Watve, M.G. & R. Sukumar (1995). Parasite loads of mammals: correlates with host ecology. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences 92: 8945–8949.