First photographic record of Smooth-coated Otter Lutra perspicillata (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand, India

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9655.17.8.27403-27406

Keywords:

Aquatic ecosystems, camera trap, Nandhaur landscape, otters, photographic evidence, riverine habitat, Schedule I, semi-aquatic species

Abstract

Otters serve as apex predators and function as keystone species within aquatic ecosystems. Three species of otters are found in India, i.e., Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra, the Smooth-coated Otter Lutra perspicillata, and the Asian Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinereus. However, little is known about otter distribution in Uttarakhand. Our study presents the first photographic evidence of Smooth-coated Otter from Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand. Smooth-coated Otter is listed on Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, affording it highest level of protection in India. Further studies will be crucial for assessing their distribution pattern and threats faced by them in the Nandhaur landscape.

Author Biographies

Nishant Bhardwaj, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.

.

Hritik Nautiyal, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.

.

Harish Guleria, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, England NW1 4RY.

.

Bilal Habib, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.

.

References

Anoop, K.R. & S.A. Hussain (2004). Factors affecting habitat selection by smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) in Kerala, India. Journal of Zoology 263(4): 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836904005461

Anoop, K.R. & S.A. Hussain (2005). Food and feeding habitat of smooth-coated otters and their significance to fish population of Kerala. Journal of Zoology 266: 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836905006540

Basak, S., B. Pandav, J.A. Johnson & S.A. Hussain (2021). Resource utilisation by smooth-coated otter in the rivers of Himalayan foothills in Uttarakhand, India. Global Ecology and Conservation 32: e01896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01896

Champion, H.G. & S.K. Seth (1968). A revised survey of the forest types of India. Manager of Publications, Government of India, New Delhi.

Dias, S.J. (2023). Factors influencing latrine site selection of smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) in traditional estuarine agroecosystems of Goa, India. Mammalian Biology 103(6): 603–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-023-00379-y

Dias, S.J., P.J.C. White, A.S. Borker & N.V. Fernandes (2022). Habitat selection of smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) in the peri-coastal, urbanised landscape of Goa, India. Mammal Research 67(3): 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-022-00639-1

Duke, A.C. & C.S. Goldberg (2022). Investigating the distribution of the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) using environmental DNA: preliminary results. IUCN Otter Specialist. Group Bulletin 39(2): 110–120. https://www.iucnosgbull.org/Volume39/Duke_Goldberg_2022.html

Gupta, N., V. Tiwari, M. Everard, M. Savage, S.A. Hussain, M.A. Chadwick & V.K. Belwal (2020). Assessing the distribution pattern of otters in four rivers of the Indian Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. Aquatic Conservation 30(3): 601–610. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3284

Hussain, S.A. (1993). Aspects of the ecology of smooth-coated otters Lutra perspicillata in National Chambal Sanctuary. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Centre for Wildlife and Ornithology. Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh, India.

Hussain, S.A. (1996). Group size, group structure and breeding in smooth-coated otter Lutra perspicillata Geoffroy in National Chambal Sanctuary. Mammalia 60(2): 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1996.60.2.289

Hussain, S.A. (1999). Status of otter conservation in India. Envis Bulletin: Wildlife and Protected Areas 2(2): 92–97.

Hussain, S.A. (2013a). Activity Pattern, Behavioural Activity and Interspecific Interaction of Smooth-Coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in National Chambal Sanctuary, India. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 30(1): 5–17. https://www.iucnosgbull.org/Volume30/Hussain_2013.html

Hussain, S.A. (2013b). Otters, pp. 499–521. In: Johnsingh, A.J.T. & N. Manjrekar (eds.). Mammals of South Asia. Vol. 1. Universities Press, India.

Hussain, S.A. & B.C. Choudhury (1995). Seasonal movement, home range and habitat utilization by smooth-coated otter in National Chambal Sanctuary. Proceedings of the VI International Otter Symposium, September 6-10, 1993, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Habitat No.11, Germany.

Hussain, S.A. & B.C. Choudhury (1997). Distribution and status of smooth-coated otter Lutra perspicillata in National Chambal Sanctuary. Biological Conservation 80: 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00033-X

Joshi, R. (2014). Recent confirmed record of existence of smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in Rajaji National Park, north-west India. Tigerpaper 41(2): 25−29. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4227e.pdf

Khan, M.S., N.K. Dimri, A. Nawab, O. Ilyas & P. Gautam (2014). Habitat use pattern and conservation status of smooth-coated otters Lutrogale perspicillata in the Upper Ganges Basin, India. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 37(1): 69–76. https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2014.37.0069

Khoo, M., S. Basak, N. Sivasothi, P.K. de Silva & I.R. Lubis (2021). Lutrogale perspicillata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T12427A164579961. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12427A164579961.en. Accessed on 16.v.2024.

Krupa, H., A. Borker & A. Gopal (2017). Photographic record of sympatry between Asian small-clawed otter and smooth-coated otter in the Northern Western Ghats, India. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 34(1): 51–57. https://www.iucnosgbull.org/Volume34/Krupa_et_al_2017.html

Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505

Medway, L. (1969). The Wild Mammals of Malaya and Offshore Islands Including Singapore. Oxford University Press, London, UK and Oxford, UK.

Mehra, S. (2015). Management plan of Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary (2015–2016 to 2024–2025). Haldwani, Uttarakhand, Western Circle Office, Forest Dept.

Mishra, S.R., M. Mohan & J.D. Pati (2018). First photographic documentation and distribution of the Smooth-Coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata in Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha, India. IUCN Otter Specialist. Group Bulletin 35(4): 186–192. https://www.iucnosgbull.org/Volume35/Mishra_et_al_2018.html

Nawab, A. (2013). Conservation prospects of Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826) in Rajasthan. In Faunal Heritage of Rajasthan, India: Conservation and Management of Vertebrates (pp. 273–283). Springer International Publishing.

Nawab, A. & S.A. Hussain (2012a). Prey selection by smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in response to the variation in fish abundance in Upper Gangetic Plains, India. Mammalia 76(1): 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.2011.105

Nawab, A. & S.A. Hussain (2012b). Factors affecting the occurrence of smooth-coated otter in aquatic systems of the Upper Gangetic Plains, India. Aquatic Conservation 22(5): 616–625. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2253

Palei, N.C., B.P. Rath, H.S. Palei & B.P. Acharya (2020). Population status and activity pattern of smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in Bhitarkanika National Park, Odisha, Eastern India. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 37(4): 205–211. https://www.iucnosgbull.org/Volume37/Palei_et_al_2020.html

Palei, N.C., B.P. Rath, L.K. Patra & B. Ghosh (2023). First Photographic Records of Smooth-Coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in Jharsuguda Forest Division, Odisha, India. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 40(4): 176–182. https://iucnosgbull.org/Volume40/Palei_et_al_2023.html

Pal, R., A. Sharma, V.K. Dubey, T. Bhattacharya, J.A. Johnson, K. Sivakumar & S. Sathyakumar (2021). A rare photographic record of Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra with a note on its habitat from the Bhagirathi Basin, western Himalaya, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(13): 20072–20077. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6937.13.13.20072-20077

Pocock, R.I. (1941). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London.

QGIS Development team (2024). QGIS Geographic Information System. QGIS Association. http://www.qgis.org

Raha, A & S.A. Hussain (2016). Factors affecting habitat selection by three sympatric otter species in the southern Western Ghats, India. Acta Ecologica Sinica 36(1): 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2015.12.002

Rath, L.P., K. Ashaharraza & S.K. Dash (2023). A Rare Sighting of Smooth-Coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in the Mahanadi River, Odisha, India. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 40(2): 90–95. https://www.iucnosgbull.org/Volume40/Rath_et_al_2023.pdf

Sreehari, R. & P.O. Nameer (2016). Small carnivores of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, southern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(11): 9306–9315. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2311.8.11.9306-9315

Downloads

Published

26-08-2025

Issue

Section

Short Communications