Checklist of moths (Heterocera) of Tadong, Sikkim, India
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study attempts to create a checklist of moths recorded from two different parts of Tadong in Sikkim, located in the northeastern Himalaya of India. Out of 160 photographed specimens of moths, 133 species were identified and classified. Sixteen families of moths were recorded out of which Erebidae (30.83%) had the highest number of species followed by Geometridae (24.81%), and Crambidae (18.05%) while the other families comprised of 26.30% of the total species.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors own the copyright to the articles published in JoTT. This is indicated explicitly in each publication. The authors grant permission to the publisher Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society to publish the article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. The authors recognize WILD as the original publisher, and to sell hard copies of the Journal and article to any buyer. JoTT is registered under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which allows authors to retain copyright ownership. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the data, modify, reprint, copy and distribute provided the authors and source of publication are credited through appropriate citations (e.g., Son et al. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(7): 8953–8969. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2785.8.7.8953-8969). Users of the data do not require specific permission from the authors or the publisher.
References
Beccaloni, G., M. Scoble, I. Kitching, T. Simonsen, G. Robinson, B. Pitkin, A. Hine & C. Lyal (eds.) (2003). The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). World Wide Web electronic publication. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/lepindex/ Accessed 12 November 2020]
Bell, T.R.D & F.B. Scott (1937) .The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Sphingidae. Taylor & Francis Ltd., London, 537pp.
Bhattacharya, D.P. (2003). Insecta: Lepidoptera: Zyganidae. State Fauna Series 9, Fauna of Sikkim (Part-4): 159–174.
Chandra, K., V. Kumar, N. Singh, A. Raha, and A.K. Sanyal (2019). Assemblages of Lepidoptera in Indian Himalaya through Long Term Monitoring Plots. Zoological Survey of India, 457pp.
Chaudhury, M.M. (2003). Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae. State Fauna Series 9, Fauna of Sikkim (Part-4): 175–216.
Chaudhury, M.M. (2003). Insecta: Lepidoptera: Ctenuchidae and Limacodidae. State Fauna Series 9, Fauna of Sikkim (Part-4): 93–107.
Chettri, A. & S. Lama (2014). Trends of urbanization and its impacts on environmental resources: A case study of Gangtok town of Sikkim Himalayas. Geo-Analyst, 76–85pp.
Dudgeon, G.C. (1898). A catalogue of the Heterocera of Sikkim and Bhutan, part 1. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 11(1): 239–251.
Dudgeon, G.C. (1899). A catalogue of the Heterocera of Sikkim and Bhutan, part 5. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 12: 292–303.
Dudgeon, G.C. (1901). A catalogue of the Heterocera of Sikkim and Bhutan, part 2. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 11(2): 406–419.
Ghosh, S.K. (2003). Insecta: Lepidoptera: Heterocera: Geometridae. State Fauna Series 9, Fauna of Sikkim (Part-4): 217–342.
Gupta, I.J. (2003). Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturnidae. State Fauna Series 9. Fauna of Sikkim (Part-4): 147–158.
Hampson, G.F. (1892). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol 1, Saturniidae to Hypsiade. Taylor & Francis, London, 527pp.
Hampson, G.F. (1894). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol 2 Arctiidae, Agrostidae, Noctuidae. Taylor & Francis, London, 609pp.
Hampson, G.F. (1895). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol 3 Noctuidae (cont.) to Geometridae. Taylor & Francis, London, 546pp.
Hampson, G.F. (1896). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol 4 Pyralidae. Taylor & Francis, London, 594pp.
Haruta, T. (Eds.) (1992). Moths of Nepal Part 1, Tinea 13 (Supplement 2). Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo, 122pp.
Haruta, T. (Eds.) (1993). Moths of Nepal Part 2, Tinea 13 (Supplement 3). Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo, 160pp.
Haruta, T. (Eds.) (1994). Moths of Nepal Part 3, Tinea 14 (Supplement 1). Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo, 171pp.
Haruta, T. (Eds.) (1995). Moths of Nepal Part 4, Tinea 14 (Supplement 2). Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo, 206pp.
Haruta, T. (Eds.) (1998). Moths of Nepal Part 5, Tinea 15(Supplement 1). Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo, 330pp.
Haruta, T. (Eds.) (2000). Moths of Nepal Part 6, Tinea 16 (Supplement 1). Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo, 163pp.
Irungbam, J.S., M.S. Chib & K. Wangdi (2016). Taxonomic review of the superfamily Pyraloidea in Bhutan (Lepidoptera). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9(3): 355–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.06.004
Kalawate, A.S. (2018). On a collection of moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) from the northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India. Zoology and Ecology 28(3): 231–251.
Kirti, J.S. & N. Singh (2015). Arctiid Moths of India. Vol 1. Nature Books India, New Delhi, 205pp.
Kirti, J.S. & J.S. Sodhi (2002). Studies on Footman Moths of Sikkim. Journal of Hill Research 15(1): 26–31.
Kirti, J.S. & J.S. Sodhi (2003). Inventory of tiger moths of Sikkim (Arctiinae: Arctiidae: Lepidoptera). Zoos’ Print Journal 18(7): 1143–1146. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.18.7.1143-6
Kirti, J.S., N. Singh & R. Joshi (2014). Two new genera of Lithosiini (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Tinea 23(1): 41–46.
Kumar, P., M.C. Sharma, R. Saini, & G.K. Singh (2020). Climatic variability at Gangtok and Tadong weather observatories in Sikkim, India, during 1961–2017. Scientific Reports 10(1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71163-y
Mishra, S.B., R.N. Kencharaddi, G.M. Devagiri & A.K. Khaple (2016). Moths diversity of Kodagu district in Central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Indian Journal of Ecology 43(2): 713–718.
Nuss, M., B. Landry, R. Mally, F. Vegliante, A. Tränkner, F. Bauer, J. Hayden, A. Segerer, R. Schouten, H. Li, T. Trofimova, M.A. Solis, J. De Prins & W. Speidel (2003–2021). Global Information System on Pyraloidea. www.pyraloidea.org.
Ratnasingham, S. & P.D. Hebert (2007). BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (http://www.barcodinglife.org). Molecular Ecology notes 7(3): 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01687.x
Scoble, M.J. (1992). The Lepidoptera. Form, function and diversity. Oxford University Press, New York, 404pp.
Shubhalaxmi, V. (2018). Field Guide to Indian Moths. Birdwing Publishers, Navi Mumbai, India, 460pp.
Sondhi, Y. & S. Sondhi (2016). A partial checklist of moths (Lepidoptera) of Dehradun, Mussoorie, and Devalsari in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(5): 8756–8776. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2814.8.5.8756-8776
Tamang, J.P., M.P. Thapa, R.M. Sharma, A.K. Rai, P. Rai & R. Dhakal (2005). Carrying capacity study of Teesta Basin in Sikkim. Biological Environment Food Resource 2005, 8.
Uniyal, V.P., P. Dey & A.K. Sanyal (2016). Diversity of moths Lepidoptera: Heterocera and their potential role as a conservation tool in different protected areas of Uttarakhand. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun (DST Project Completion Report), 117pp.
van Nieukerken E.J., L. Kaila, I.J. Kitching, N.P. Kristensen, D.C. Lees, J. Minet, C. Mitter, M. Mutanen, J.C. Regier, T.J. Simonsen, N. Wahlberg, S.H. Yen, R. Zahiri, D. Adamski, J. Baixeras, D. Bartsch, B.A. Bengtsson, J.W. Brown, S.R. Bucheli, D.R. Davis, J.D. Prins, W.D. Prins, M.E. Epstein, P.G. Poole, C. Gielis, P. Hattenschwiler, A. Hausmann, J.D. Holloway, A. Kallies, O. Karsholt, A.Y.Kawahara, S. Koster, M.V. Kozlov, J.D. Lafontaine, G. Lamas, J.F. Landry, S. Lee, M. Nuss, K.T. Park, C. Penz, J. Rota, A. Schintlmeister, B.C. Schmidt, J.C. Sohn, M.A. Solis, G.M. Tarmann, A.D. Warren, S. Weller, R.V. Yakovlev, V.V. Zolotuhin, A. Zwick (2011). Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.Q. (Ed.). Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness. Zootaxa 3148: 212–221. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.41
Vattakaven, T., R.M. George, D. Balasubramanian, M. Réjou-Méchain, G. Muthusankar, B. R. Ramesh & R. Prabhakar (2016). India Biodiversity Portal: an integrated, interactive and participatory biodiversity informatics platform. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e10279. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10279
Volynkin, A.V. & K. Černý (2019). A review of the Barsine phaeodonta (Hampson, 1911) species-group, with descriptions of four new species from Indochina and India (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Ecologica Montenegrina 21: 70–79. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.21.8
Walker, F. (1866). List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, London 35: 1–321.