Digital image post processing techniques for taxonomic publications with reference to insects

Main Article Content

Nikhil Joshi
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-783X
Hemant Ghate
Sameer Padhye
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-3213

Abstract

There exists substantial literature for capturing digital images of insect specimens for taxonomy purposes but very few papers are available on post processing of these images.  We present a few techniques for editing digital images of insects using Adobe® Photoshop® which can be performed in a relatively short amount of time.  The results clearly show that techniques using a combination of options like Curves, Dodge/Burn, Hue/Saturation and Lab Color mode in the software, enhance the quality of the original image without changing any taxonomic information.  These methods applied in different combinations can be used for taxonomy of any insect taxon.  We also caution the readers of the abuse of such techniques in context of taxonomy. 

Article Details

Section
Communications

References

Azorsa, F., & J. Sosa-Calvo (2008). Description of a remarkable new species of ant in the genus Daceton Perty (Formicidae: Dacetini) from South America. Zootaxa 1749(1): 27–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1749.1.3

Buffington, M., & M. Gates (2008). Advanced imaging techniques II: using a compound microscope for photographing point-mount specimens. American Entomologist 54(4): 222. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/54.4.222

Buffington, M.L., R.A. Burks & L. McNeil (2005). Advanced techniques for imaging parasitic Hymenoptera (Insecta). American Entomologist 51(1): 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/51.1.50

Ceriaco, L.M., E.E. Gutierrez, A. Dubois & M. Carr (2016). Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences. Zootaxa 4196(3): 435–445. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4196.3.9

Häuser, C.L., A. Steiner, J. Holstein & M.J. Scoble (2005). Digital imaging of biological specimens: A manual for best practice; Results from a study of the European Network for Biodiversity Information. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, 309pp.

Holzenthal, R.W. (2008). Digital illustration of insects. American Entomologist 54: 218–221. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/54.4.218

Jakubec, P., M. Novák & J. Qubaiová (2018). Chroma+, a new automontage method of image background selection for insects and other structurally complex objects. ZooKeys 795: 67–76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.26870

Jansen, M.A., & S.E. Halbert (2016). Key to Florida Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and selected exotic pest species. Insecta Mundi 0476: 1–14.

Kerr, P.H., E.M. Fisher & M.L. Buffington (2008). Dome lighting for insect imaging under a microscope. American Entomologist 54(4): 198–200. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/54.4.198

Moravec, J. (2016). Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense—15. The genus Opisthencentrus W. Horn (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4097(3): 332–340. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.2

Nguyen, C.V., D.R. Lovell, M. Adcock & J. La Salle (2014). Capturing natural-colour 3D models of insects for species discovery and diagnostics. PloS one 9(4): e94346. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094346

Otto, R.L. (2016). The false click beetles (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) of Laos. Entomologica Basiliensia et Collectionis Frey 35: 181–427.

Riedel, A. (2005). Digital imaging of beetles (Coleoptera), and other three-dimensional insects, pp. 222–250. In: Häuser C.L., A. Steiner, J. Holstein, M.J. Scoble (eds.). Digital imaging of biological type specimens. A manual of best practice. Results from a study of the European Network for Biodiversity Information, Stuttgart .

Rogers, D.C., S.T. Ahyong, C.B. Boyko & C.D.U. D’Acoz (2017). Images are not and should not ever be type specimens: a rebuttal to Garraffoni & Freitas. Zootaxa 4269(4): 455–459. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4269.4.3

Rossini, M. & F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello (2017). A taxonomic review of the genus Isocopris Pereira and Martínez, 1960 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with description of a new Brazilian species. Journal of Natural History 51(19-20): 1091–1117. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1319517

Weirauch, C., J.M. Bérenger, L. Berniker, D. Forero, M. Forthman, S. Frankenberg & S.A. Marshall (2014). An illustrated identification key to assassin bug subfamilies and tribes (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 26(2): 1–115. https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2014.26

Wipfler, B., H. Pohl, M.I. Yavorskaya & R.G. Beutel (2016). A review of methods for analysing insect structures—the role of morphology in the age of phylogenomics. Current opinion in insect science 18: 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2016.09.004

Most read articles by the same author(s)