Journal of Threatened
Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2026 | 18(5): 28957–28970
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9531.18.5.28957-28970
#9531 | Received 03 December 2024| Final received 09 February 2026|
Finally accepted 28 March 2026
Ichthyofaunal diversity and
conservation status of Nagaland, India: a comprehensive review
Rejuba Pongen 1
& Pranay Punj Pankaj 2
1 Department of Zoology, Fazl Ali
College, Mokokchung, Nagaland 798601, India.
2 Department of Zoology, Nagaland
University, Lumami, Nagaland 798627, India.
1 r.pongen@gmail.com, 2 pranaypunj@gmail.com
(corresponding author)
Abstract: Nagaland, located within the Indo-Burma
biodiversity hotspot, is home to a rich diversity of freshwater fish species.
However, the region’s ichthyofaunal diversity and conservation status are
inadequately documented, hindering effective conservation planning. This study
aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the ichthyofaunal diversity in
Nagaland and evaluate the conservation status of these species. Systematic
review of secondary sources, including research articles, technical reports,
and taxonomic records, was conducted. Data were gathered through an extensive
literature search across databases like Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google
Scholar to capture studies on ichthyofaunal diversity and conservation in
Nagaland. Keywords like “freshwater fish” and “conservation status” were used,
ensuring thorough coverage. Fish species were classified by taxonomic
standards, with conservation status based on the IUCN Red List. This study
documented 202 fish species across 12 orders, 29 families and 91 genera. The
Cyprinidae family was the most dominant, representing 79 species. Conservation
status revealed that seven species are classified as ‘Endangered’ (EN), 15 as
‘Near Threatened’ (NT), and 17 as ‘Vulnerable’ (VU), while 6.93% of species
remain ‘Data Deficient’ (DD). The primary threats to ichthyofaunal diversity in
Nagaland include habitat degradation, over-exploitation, invasive species, and
climate change. These findings underscore the urgent need for continuous
biodiversity assessments and implementing sustainable management practices to
preserve Nagaland’s aquatic biodiversity.
Keywords: Assessment, Biodiversity hotspot, Climate
change, Cyprinidae, Endemism, freshwater
fish, Habitat degradation, IUCN Red List, ichthyofauna, Indo-Burma biodiversity
hotspot, Invasive species, Overexploitation, Species richness, Taxonomic diversity, Threat assessment.
Editor: J.A. Johnson, Wildlife Institute of India,
Dehradun, India. Date of publication:
26 May 2026 (online & print)
Citation:
Pongen, R. & P.P. Pankaj (2026). Ichthyofaunal diversity and conservation
status of Nagaland, India: a comprehensive review. Journal of Threatened Taxa 18(5): 28957–28970. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9531.18.5.28957-28970
Copyright: © Pongen & Pankaj 2026. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in
any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of
publication.
Funding: This research was supported by the ICAR–National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Author details: Dr. Pranay Punj Pankaj, Associate Professor of Zoology at Nagaland
University, India. His research focuses on ichthyofaunal diversity, indigenous
fisheries knowledge, and aquatic conservation. He has led multiple funded
projects and published extensively, and actively mentors research scholars. Mr. Rejuba Pongen, Assistant Professor of Zoology at
Fazl Ali College, Nagaland, India, with over 13 years of teaching experience.
He holds an MSc from NEHU and is currently pursuing a PhD at Nagaland
University, focusing on ichthyofaunal diversity and conservation
in northeastern India.
Author contribution: RP conceptualized the study, conducted ichthyofaunal data collection,
performed data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. PPP supervised the
research, critically reviewed and edited the manuscript, and served as the corresponding author, ensuring scholarly rigor and
coherence.
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge all
researchers whose work is cited. PPP gratefully acknowledges financial support
from ICAR–National Bureau of Fish Genetic
Resources, Lucknow. The authors also thank policymakers and local communities
for their contributions to ichthyofaunal research and conservation in Nagaland.
INTRODUCTION
Freshwater
ecosystems do not only support fish species but also many other aquatic
species. Despite covering less than 1% of the Earth’s surface, these habitats
including rivers, lakes, and wetlands are home to over 40% of all fish species
and approximately 10% of the world’s documented species, including a quarter of
all vertebrates (Strayer & Dudgeon 2010). The global fish fauna comprises
around 17,948 marine species and 18,397 freshwater species (Fricke et al.
2022), with fish accounting for nearly half of all vertebrate species. However,
human activities such as population growth and economic development have placed
immense pressure on freshwater ecosystems. Habitat degradation,
over-exploitation, the introduction of alien species, river flow alterations,
and pollution pose significant risks to aquatic biodiversity, contributing to
the high extinction rates observed in freshwater species (Dudgeon et al. 2006).
This underscores the importance of monitoring and conserving ichthyofaunal
diversity to ensure ecosystem stability and sustainability.
Nagaland, a
small hilly state in northeastern India, is geographically positioned between
25.100°–27.067° N and 93.033°–95.017° E, encompassing an area of 16,579 km².
Assam borders the state to the west, Myanmar to the east, Arunachal Pradesh and
Assam to the north, and Manipur to the south. The eastern Himalayan region is
recognized as one of the world’s most biodiversity-rich regions (Biswas &
Boruah 2000). With altitudes ranging 194–3,048 m and an average annual rainfall
of 2,000–2,700 mm, Nagaland possesses rich inland water resources, including
rheophilic rivers and streams. Three major drainage systems, the Barak,
Brahmaputra, and Chindwin, divide the state’s river systems, traversing 16
districts through 11 major and 10 minor rivers (Ao et al. 2008).
Ichthyofaunal
diversity and river Systems
The major
rivers of Nagaland include the Dhansiri, Dikhu, Doyang, Intangki, Meguiki,
Milak, Tizit, Tizu, Tsurang, Shili and Zungki, while the minor rivers consist
of Arachu, Chathe, Chokla, Dzulakie, Dzuna, Lanyi, Likhimro, Seidzu, Tepuiki,
and Tesuru (Tables 1 & 2). Figure 1 illustrates the river network of
Nagaland, providing a detailed representation of the state’s hydrological
features. These rivers form the backbone of the state’s aquatic ecosystem,
supporting a diverse range of fish species. However, comprehensive
documentation of ichthyofaunal diversity across these different drainage
systems remains incomplete.
Several
scholars have documented the ichthyofaunal diversity of Nagaland. Ao et al.
(2008) catalogued the fish species present in the state, identifying 149
distinct species. Goswami et al. (2012) enumerated 187 fish species from the
state. Bendangkokba & Ahmed (2007) reported 66 fish species across 16 families
and five orders from the Milak, Dikhu, and Tsurang rivers in Mokokchung
district. Ezung et al. (2020) recently compiled a list of fish species from the
state, identifying 197 species over 10 orders, 26 families, and 87 genera.
Kechu & Pankaj (2025) documented high ichthyofaunal richness in the Dikhu
River, Nagaland, characterized by the dominance of Cypriniformes and the
presence of threatened and data-deficient species under increasing
anthropogenic pressure. Similarly, Khesoh et al. (2025) demonstrated that the
Tsurang and Milak rivers of Mokokchung District, Nagaland, despite being
smaller tributaries, support substantial fish diversity, including species of
conservation concern. Recent discoveries have significantly advanced our
comprehension of the ichthyofaunal variety in Nagaland (Figure 2). Although
there have been recent contributions to the state fish fauna, the species
compositions in numerous water bodies remain undocumented and require further
investigation. The inaccessibility of most rivers, situated in steep,
mountainous regions characterized by dense forest cover, prevents the
examination of many lotic systems in the state.
According to
current study, Nagaland is home to 202 fish species. Despite significant
increases in the documented number of fish species in the state, there is still
a significant amount of work to fully explore and document the ichthyofaunal
diversity in many of Nagaland’s rivers, particularly in remote and challenging
landscapes with dense forest vegetation. The exploration of these lotic systems
is far from complete, and further research is necessary to discover and protect
the species that inhabit these underexplored areas. The ichthyofaunal diversity
in Nagaland is significant yet remains inadequately documented. Continued
efforts in research and conservation are crucial for comprehensively
understanding and safeguarding the diverse aquatic biodiversity of this region.
MATERIALS AND
METHODS
Study Design
and Objectives
The study
aimed to review the ichthyofaunal diversity and assess the conservation status
of freshwater fish species in Nagaland, India. By analyzing secondary data on
taxonomy, distribution, economic importance, habitat preferences, and
conservation status, the goal was to provide a detailed understanding of the
region’s fish diversity and highlight the need for conservation efforts.
Data Sources
and Literature Search
An extensive
literature search was conducted using databases like Scopus, Web of Knowledge,
Google Scholar, and other repositories to identify peer-reviewed articles,
reports, and books on Nagaland’s ichthyofaunal diversity and conservation
status. Search terms included “ichthyofaunal diversity,” “freshwater fish,”
“conservation status,” and “Nagaland”. Publications from all the available years
were included. Manual searches of key references were also performed to ensure
comprehensive coverage, providing a robust dataset for analysis and capturing
studies that may have been overlooked.
Inclusion and
Exclusion Criteria
The initial
screening process involved reviewing the titles and abstracts of all retrieved
articles to assess their relevance to the study objectives. Studies were
included if they provided detailed information on the freshwater fish species
of Nagaland, including aspects such as taxonomy, distribution, economic
importance, habitat, and conservation status. Articles that did not meet these
criteria, such as those focused on marine species or unrelated geographical
areas, were excluded from the analysis. Full-text reviews were conducted for
studies that passed the initial screening to confirm their relevance and
inclusion in the final dataset.
Data
Extraction and Compilation
Data were
meticulously extracted from the selected studies, focusing on several key
parameters:
- Taxonomy and Nomenclature: The classification of fish species
followed the taxonomy outlined by Nelson (2016). Each species’ scientific name
was cross-checked with Eschmeyer’s Catalogue of fish, a globally recognized
database for fish species, to ensure the accuracy and validity of the taxonomic
information.
- Economic Importance: Information on the economic significance
of each species, such as, their use in local fisheries, aquaculture, or as
ornamental fish, was collected.
- Fin Formula and Morphological Traits: Details regarding the fin
formula, a key aspect of fish morphology, were documented. This included the
number and arrangement of fins, which is crucial for species identification and
classification.
- Habitat and Distribution: Data on the natural habitats of the
fish species, including the types of water bodies they inhabit (e.g., rivers,
streams, lakes) and their geographical distribution within Nagaland, were
compiled.
- Food Habits: The dietary preferences of the fish species were
documented, providing insights into their ecological roles within freshwater
ecosystems.
- Conservation Status: The conservation status of each species
was assessed using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (Allen et al.
2010). Species were categorized as ‘Not Evaluated’ (NE), ‘Data Deficient’ (DD),
‘Least Concern’ (LC), ‘Near Threatened’ (NT), ‘Vulnerable’ (VU), or
‘Endangered’ (EN) based on their risk of extinction.
Data Analysis
The extracted
data were systematically organized and analyzed using descriptive methods. This
involved calculating the frequency and distribution of species across different
taxonomic groups, habitat types, and conservation statuses. The results were
presented in tables and charts to provide a clear and comprehensive overview of
the ichthyofaunal diversity in Nagaland.
RESULT AND
DISCUSSION
The study
identified 202 fish species across 12 orders, 29 families, and 87 genera in
Nagaland, India. The family Cyprinidae exhibited the highest diversity with 79
species, followed by Sisoridae with 26 species, and Nemacheilidae with 16
species (Figure 4). Other families, including Bagridae and Channidae, also
showed notable diversity with 12 and six species, respectively. This diversity
underscores the ecological richness of Nagaland’s freshwater systems.
A systematic
list of fish species and their IUCN conservation status (Table 3) reveals that
most are classified as ‘Least Concern’, with some listed as ‘Vulnerable’ or
‘Endangered’. About 6.93% are ‘Data Deficient’, highlighting the need for
further research (Figure 3). Threats to these species include habitat
degradation, over-exploitation, and pollution. While many species are currently
stable, the presence of ‘Vulnerable’ and ‘Endangered’ species indicates risks
to their populations (Table 4).
Recent years
have brought the discovery of new species such as Garra chathensis in
the Chathe River, Badis limaakumi in the Milak River, and Psilorhynchus
kosygini in the Tepuiki River. These findings reflect Nagaland’s role in
contributing to global ichthyofaunal knowledge and emphasize the need for
continued research and conservation. The discovery of these new species also
suggests the potential for additional undiscovered species in Nagaland’s
rivers, which are valuable for understanding evolutionary and biogeographic
patterns.
Biogeographically,
Nagaland’s ichthyofauna shares patterns with neighbouring Himalayan and
Brahmaputra regions, particularly the dominance of Cyprinidae. Species unique
to Nagaland suggest localized speciation, likely driven by its complex
topography and microhabitats. Species distributions across the Brahmaputra,
Barak, and Irrawaddy drainage systems reflect Nagaland’s role as a
biogeographic crossroads, shaped by historical river capture and geological
events.
CONCLUSION
In
conclusion, Nagaland’s freshwater ecosystems, rich in biodiversity, play a
critical role in global ichthyofaunal diversity. Despite covering a limited
geographic area, the state supports 202 fish species across various families,
with notable diversity within the Cyprinidae family. The state’s unique river
systems and mountainous topography, which create diverse aquatic habitats,
facilitate this high species richness. However, increasing human activities,
including habitat destruction, overexploitation, and pollution, pose serious
threats to these ecosystems. As a result, many species face extinction risks,
with several categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ or ‘Endangered’, while others remain
‘Data Deficient’, indicating a pressing need for further research.
However, the
ichthyofauna in this region faces pressing threats from habitat degradation,
pollution, over-exploitation, and flow alterations due to human activity,
leading to high extinction risks for vulnerable species. Although recent
discoveries, such as Garra chathensis, Badis limaakumi, and Psilorhynchus
kosygini, have enhanced the documentation of local biodiversity, further
research is necessary, especially in remote areas. Continued efforts to study,
monitor, and conserve Nagaland’s fish diversity are essential for maintaining
ecosystem stability, protecting species from extinction, and contributing
valuable knowledge to global freshwater biodiversity conservation initiatives.
Table 1.
Major Rivers of Nagaland, India.
|
|
Major rivers |
District |
River system |
|
1 |
Dhansiri |
Dimapur |
Brahmaputra |
|
2 |
Dikhu |
Mokokchung |
Brahmaputra |
|
3 |
Doyang |
Wokha |
Brahmaputra |
|
4 |
Intangki |
Wokha |
Brahmaputra |
|
5 |
Milak |
Mokokchung |
Brahmaputra |
|
6 |
Shili |
Longleng |
Brahmaputra |
|
7 |
Tizit |
Mon |
Brahmaputra |
|
8 |
Tsurang |
Mokokchung |
Brahmaputra |
|
9 |
Meguiki |
Peren |
Barak |
|
10 |
Tizu |
Phek |
Chindwin |
|
11 |
Zungki |
Kiphire |
Chindwin |
Table 2.
Minor rivers of Nagaland, India.
|
|
Minor rivers |
District |
River system |
|
1 |
Chathe |
Kohima |
Brahmaputra |
|
2 |
Dzuna |
Kohima |
Brahmaputra |
|
3 |
Tepuiki |
Kohima |
Barak |
|
4 |
Dzulakie |
Kohima |
Barak |
|
5 |
Tesuru |
Phek |
Irrawaddy |
|
6 |
Arachu |
Phek |
Irrawaddy |
|
7 |
Lanyi |
Phek |
Irrawaddy |
|
8 |
Likhimro |
Kiphire |
Irrawaddy |
|
9 |
Seidzu |
Phek |
Irrawaddy |
|
10 |
Chokla |
Tuensang |
Irrawaddy |
Table 3.
Systematic list of fish species in Nagaland and their IUCN Red List
conservation status.
|
|
Scientific Name |
Family |
Fin formula |
IUCN Red List status (2024) |
|
1 |
Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822) |
Ailiidae |
A58-75;PI14-16;Vi5 |
NT |
|
2 |
Clupisoma garua (Hamilton, 1822) |
Ailiidae |
DI7;Aiii26-33;PI11;Vi5 |
LC |
|
3 |
Parambassis nama Hamilton, 1822 |
Ambassidae |
DVII+I15-17;AIII15-17;Pii11-12;VI5 |
LC |
|
4 |
Parambassis baculis (Hamilton, 1822) |
Ambassidae |
DVI+I12-13;AIII12-13;Pi11-12;VI5 |
LC |
|
5 |
Parambassis ranga Hamilton, 1822 |
Ambassidae |
DVII+I11-14;AIII13-15;Pi11-12;VI5 |
LC |
|
6 |
Amblyceps apangi Nath & Dey,
1989 |
Amblycipitidae |
Dii5-6; Aii-iii7; PI16;VI5;
C7+7 |
LC |
|
7 |
Amblyceps arunachalense Nath & Dey,
1989 |
Amblycipitidae |
DI7;AV8;PI7;VI5;C6+9 |
EN |
|
8 |
Amblyceps mangois (Hamilton, 1822) |
Amblycipitidae |
DI5-6;Aii-iii6-8;PI7;Vi5-6 |
LC |
|
9 |
Anabas cobojius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Anabantidae |
DXVI-XVIII9-10;
AIX-XI9-11;Pi13-15;VI5 |
DD |
|
10 |
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) |
Anabantidae |
DXVI-XVIII8-10;AVIII-XI9-11;Pi13-14;VI5 |
LC |
|
11 |
Anguilla bengalensis Gray, 1831 |
Anguillidae |
D250-305;A220-250;P18 |
NT |
|
12 |
Badis badis (Hamilton, 1822) |
Badidae |
DXVI-XVIII 7-10;AIII
6-8;P12;VI5 |
LC |
|
13 |
Badis limaakumi Praveenraj, 2023 |
Badidae |
D17(8)9(10);A3(10)7(4);P13(5),14(1)V1,5(10) |
NE |
|
14 |
Batasio batasio (Hamilton, 1822) |
Bagridae |
DI7;Aiii-iv9-10;PI5-8;Vi5 |
LC |
|
15 |
Mystus armatus Day, 1865 |
Bagridae |
DI7;Aiii8;PI9;Vi5 |
LC |
|
16 |
Mystus bleekeri Day, 1877 |
Bagridae |
DI7-8;Aiii6-7;PI9-10;Vi5 |
LC |
|
17 |
Mystus cavasius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Bagridae |
DI7;Aiv7-9;PI8;Vi5 |
LC |
|
18 |
Mystus tengara (Hamilton, 1822) |
Bagridae |
DI7;Aii-iii9-10;PI8;Vi5 |
LC |
|
19 |
Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794) |
Bagridae |
DI7;Aii-iii7-9;PI9;Vi5 |
LC |
|
20 |
Olyra burmanica Day, 1872 |
Bagridae |
Di7;Aiii13;PI4;Vi5 |
DD |
|
21 |
Olyra horae Prashad &
Mukerji, 1929 |
Bagridae |
Di7;Aiii18;PI7;Vi5 |
DD |
|
22 |
Olyra kempi Chaudhuri, 1912 |
Bagridae |
Di6-7;A iii15-20;PI4-6;Vi5 |
LC |
|
23 |
Olyra longicaudata McClelland, 1842 |
Bagridae |
Di6-7;Aiii15-20;PI4-6;Vi5 |
LC |
|
24 |
Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) |
Bagridae |
DI7;A iii-iv
8-10;PI9-10;Vi5;C17 |
LC |
|
25 |
Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839) |
Bagridae |
DI7; Aiii8-9;PI9;Vi5;C19-21 |
LC |
|
26 |
Balitora brucei Gray, 1830 |
Balitoridae |
Diii8;Aiii5;Pix-x10-12;Vii9-10 |
NT |
|
27 |
Balitora burmanica Hora, 1932 |
Balitoridae |
Diii8;Aiii5;Pviii-x10-12;Vii9 |
LC |
|
28 |
Homalopteroides rupicola (Prashad &
Mukerji, 1929) |
Balitoridae |
Dii7;Aii5;Pv11;Vii6 |
LC |
|
29 |
Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt,
1823) |
Belonidae |
D12-15;A15-18;P10-12;V6 |
LC |
|
30 |
Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) |
Belonidae |
D15-18;A16-18;P11;V6 |
LC |
|
31 |
Botia almorhae Gray, 1831 |
Botiidae |
Diii9-10;Aii5-6;P14;Vi7 |
LC |
|
32 |
Botia dario (Hamilton, 1822) |
Botiidae |
Dii8;Aii5;P15;Vi7 |
LC |
|
33 |
Botia histrionica (Blyth, 1860) |
Botiidae |
Diii9;Aii6;Pii12;Vi7 |
LC |
|
34 |
Botia rostrata (Günther, 1868) |
Botiidae |
Diii8;Aii5;Pi10;Vi6 |
VU |
|
35 |
Channa barca (Hamilton, 1822) |
Channidae |
D47-52;A34-36;P16;V6 |
DD |
|
36 |
Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) |
Channidae |
D32-37;A20-23;P14-15;V6 |
LC |
|
37 |
Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Channidae |
D45-55;A28-36;P16-18;V6 |
LC |
|
38 |
Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) |
Channidae |
D28-33;A20-23;P15-18;V6 |
LC |
|
39 |
Channa stewartii (Playfair, 1867) |
Channidae |
D39-40;A27;P17;V6 |
LC |
|
40 |
Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) |
Channidae |
D37-46;A23-29;P15-17;V6 |
LC |
|
41 |
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) |
Cichlidae |
DXV-XVI10-12;AIII10-11;P14-15;VI5 |
VU |
|
42 |
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Cichlidae |
D 15-19/11-15; A 3/8-11;P14;V
1/5; C16-22. |
LC |
|
43 |
Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 |
Clariidae |
D70-76; A45-58;PI8-11;Vi5 |
LC |
|
44 |
Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) |
Clariidae |
----------------------------- |
EN |
|
45 |
Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cobitidae |
Dii9-10;Aii5-6;P14:Vi7 |
LC |
|
46 |
Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri, 1912 |
Cobitidae |
Di-ii6-7;Aii5;Pi6-7;Vi6 |
LC |
|
47 |
Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860) |
Cobitidae |
Dii-iii6;Aii5-6;Pi7-9;Vi6-7 |
LC |
|
48 |
Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cobitidae |
Dii-iii6-7;Aii-iii5;Pi6-7;Vi6-7 |
LC |
|
49 |
Lepidocephalichthys irrorata Hora, 1921 |
Cobitidae |
Dii-iii6-7;Aii-iii5;Pi6-7;Vi6 |
LC |
|
50 |
Pangio pangia (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cobitidae |
Dii6;Aii5-6;Pi9-10;Vi5-6 |
LC |
|
51 |
Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
D8;P15; V8;A6-7;C19 |
LC |
|
52 |
Bangana dero (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii9-12; Pi16-17; V i7;
Aii-iii5 |
LC |
|
53 |
Opsarius barila (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7; Pi 12;Vi 8; A iii10-11 |
LC |
|
54 |
Opsarius vagra (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii7;P i14-15;Vi7;Aii12;C19 |
LC |
|
55 |
Opsarius morar (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii7-9; P 14-15; V 8; A ii
8-10 |
LC |
|
56 |
Chagunius chagunio (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dv8;Pi15;Vi 8; Aiii5;C19 |
LC |
|
57 |
Chagunius nicholsi Myers, 1924 |
Cyprinidae |
Dv8;Pi14;Vii8;Aiii5 |
LC |
|
58 |
Chela cachius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Pi8;Vi5-6;Aii-iii19-23 |
LC |
|
59 |
Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv12-13;Pi17;Vi8;Aiii5 |
LC |
|
60 |
Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii8;Pi15;Vi8:Aiii5 |
LC |
|
61 |
Tariqilabeo burmanicus (Hora, 1936) |
Cyprinidae |
Div10-11;Pi14;Vi7;Aiii5 |
LC |
|
62 |
Tariqilabeo latius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Div8;Pi13;Vi8;Aii5 |
LC |
|
63 |
Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844 |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7;Pi17;Vi8;Aiii7-8 |
LC |
|
64 |
Semiplotus semiplotus (McClelland, 1839) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii24-25;Pi15;Vi9;Aii7 |
VU |
|
65 |
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv18-20;Pi-15;Vi8;Aiii5 |
VU |
|
66 |
Danio dangila (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii9-11;Pi11-12;Vi7:Aii-iii12-15 |
LC |
|
67 |
Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Pi12;Vii 9;Aii 5;C19 |
LC |
|
68 |
Devario acuticephala Hora, 1921 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii6-7;Pi10-11;Vi6;Aii9-10 |
LC |
|
69 |
Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland, 1839) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii9-12;Pi11-12;Vi6:Aii-iii14-16 |
LC |
|
70 |
Devario devario (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7-8;Pii12; Vi9;Aii-iii
13-14;C21 |
LC |
|
71 |
Devario naganensis (Chaudhuri, 1912) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii8-9;Pi11-12;Vi6;Aii12-13 |
VU |
|
72 |
Esomus danrica (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii6;Pi14-15;Vi6-7;Aiii5 |
LC |
|
73 |
Garra annandalei Hora, 1921 |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7-8;Pi12-14;Vi7;Aii5 |
LC |
|
74 |
Garra birostris Nebeshwar &
Vishwanath, 2013 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii8½;Pi12-14;Vi8;Aii5½ |
NE |
|
75 |
Garra chathensis Ezung, Shangningam
& Pankaj, 2020 |
Cyprinidae |
Diii8½;Pi13-14;Vi7½;Aiii5½ |
LC |
|
76 |
Garra gotyla (Gray, 1830) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7-8;Pi14;Vi8;Aii5 |
LC |
|
77 |
Garra gravelyi Annandale, 1919 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Pi13;Vi8;Aii5 |
NT |
|
78 |
Garra kempi Hora, 1921 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii8;Pi12;Vi7:Aii5 |
LC |
|
79 |
Garra lamta (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7-8;Pi12;Vi7-8;Aii5 |
LC |
|
80 |
Garra langlungensis Ezung, Shangningam
& Pankaj, 2021 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii8½;Pi11-12;Vi7½;Aii5½ |
NE |
|
81 |
Garra lissorhynchus (McClelland, 1842) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii6-7;Pi14-15;Vi7-8,Ai5 |
LC |
|
82 |
Garra naganensis Hora, 1921 |
Cyprinidae |
Diii6; Pi12;Vii8;A ii6;C19 |
LC |
|
83 |
Garra nasuta (McClelland, 1838) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii8-9;Pi14;Vi7;Ai-ii5 |
LC |
|
84 |
Garra notata (Blyth, 1860) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Pi13-14;Vi8;Aii5 |
LC |
|
85 |
Garra rupecula (McClelland, 1839) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii6-7; Aii5; Pi14-15;Vi8; |
NT |
|
86 |
Garra lungongza Ngangbam &
Lithoingambi, 2023 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7½; Pi13; Pi13;Aii5½ |
NE |
|
87 |
Garra zubzaensis Tenali,
Shangningam, Bhattacharjee, Patel & Kosygin, 2024 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii,8.5; Pi,14;Vi,8; Aii
5.5;C9+8 |
NE |
|
88 |
Gymnostomus ariza (Hamilton, 1807) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii9;Pi17;Vi8;Aii-iii5 |
LC |
|
89 |
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes,
1844) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7;Pi17;Vi7;Aii-iii12-14 |
NT |
|
90 |
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Richardson, 1845 |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7;Pi19;Vi7;Aiii11 |
DD |
|
91 |
Labeo angra (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii10;Pi15;Vi8;Aii5 |
LC |
|
92 |
Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iv9-10;Pi15-17;Vi8;Aii-iii5 |
LC |
|
93 |
Labeo boga (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii9-10;Pi15;Vi8;ii5 |
LC |
|
94 |
Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv13-16;Pi16-18;Vi8;Aii-iii5 |
LC |
|
95 |
Labeo catla (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii15; Pi16;V i8;A ii5;C19 |
LC |
|
96 |
Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland, 1839) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii10-11;Pi16;Vi8;Aii5 |
LC |
|
97 |
Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv15-18;Pi15;Vi8;Aii-iii5 |
LC |
|
98 |
Labeo gonius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii13-16;Pi16;Vi8;Aii5-6 |
LC |
|
99 |
Labeo pangusia (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii10-11;Pi14-15;Vi8;Aii5 |
NT |
|
100 |
Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv12-14;Pi16-18;Vi8;Aii-iii5 |
LC |
|
101 |
Laubuka laubuca (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii8-10;Pi8-11;Vi6;Aii17-22 |
LC |
|
102 |
Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland, 1839) |
Cyprinidae |
Div9;Pi16;Vi8;Aiii5 |
NT |
|
103 |
Neolissochilus hexastichus (McClelland, 1839) |
Cyprinidae |
Div9;Pi16;Vi8;A iii5;C19 |
NT |
|
104 |
Opsarius barna (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii6; Pii12;VI9;Aiii11-12;C18 |
LC |
|
105 |
Opsarius barnoides (Vinciguerra,
1890) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii7-8;Pi13;Vi8;Aii-iii10-11 |
LC |
|
106 |
Opsarius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii8;Pi14;Vii9;Aii 8;C19 |
LC |
|
107 |
Opsarius dogarsinghi (Hora, 1921) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7; Pi12;Vi8; Aiii9 |
VU |
|
108 |
Opsarius shacra (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Pi14;Vi8;Aii-iii8 |
LC |
|
109 |
Opsarius tileo (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Pi13;Vi8;Aiii10 |
LC |
|
110 |
Oreichthys
elianae Praveenraj & Vijayakrishnan, 2026 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii,8½;Pi,13;Vi,9;Aii,5½;
C19(1+9+8+1) |
NE |
|
111 |
Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv8;Pi12-14;Vi8;Aiii33-38 |
LC |
|
112 |
Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7-8; Aii-iii5;Pi18;Vi8 |
LC |
|
113 |
Pethia dikhuensis Praveenraj,
Limaakum, Knight, Moulitharan & Imchen, 2022 |
Cyprinidae |
Div8;Aiii5(13);Pi12;Vi7-8 |
NE |
|
114 |
Pethia shalynius (Yazdani &
Talukdar, 1975) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7;Aii5;Pi12-13;Vi7 |
VU |
|
115 |
Pethia ticto (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv8;Aii-iii5;Pi12-14;Vi8 |
LC |
|
116 |
Puntius chola (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii8;Pi14;Vi8;Aii5 |
LC |
|
117 |
Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv8-9;Aiii5;Pi14-16;Vi8 |
LC |
|
118 |
Puntius terio (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii8;Aii5;Pi14;Vi8 |
LC |
|
119 |
Raiamas bola (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7-8;Aiii10; Pi12; Vi8 |
LC |
|
120 |
Raiamas guttatus Day, 1870 |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Aiii9-10;Pi14;Vi8 |
LC |
|
121 |
Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Aii5;Pi14;Vi8 |
LC |
|
122 |
Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii7;Aii-iii5;Pi14;Vi8 |
LC |
|
123 |
Salmostoma acinaces (Valenciennes,
1844) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii7;Aii-iii14-17;Pi14;Vi8 |
LC |
|
124 |
Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Dii-iii7;Aiii10-13;Pi11-12;Vi8 |
LC |
|
125 |
Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray, 1832) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii8;Aiii5;Pi15-16;Vi9 |
VU |
|
126 |
Poropuntius clavatus (McClelland, 1845) |
Cyprinidae |
Div8;Aiii5;Pi14;Vi8 |
NT |
|
127 |
Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Diii-iv8;Aiii5;Pi14-16;Vi8 |
LC |
|
128 |
Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
D iii8-9;Pi18;Vi8;Aii5;C19 |
EN |
|
129 |
Tor tor (Hamilton, 1822) |
Cyprinidae |
Div8;Aiii5;Pi14-17;Vi8 |
DD |
|
130 |
Gudusia chapra (Hamilton, 1822) |
Dorosomatidae |
Div11-13;A(ii)iii19-22;Pi12-13;Vi7 |
LC |
|
131 |
Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) |
Gobiidae |
DVI+I8-9;AI7-8;Pi16-21 |
LC |
|
132 |
Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) |
Heteropneustidae |
D6-7;A60-70;PI7;Vi5 |
LC |
|
133 |
Macrognathus aral (Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) |
Mastacembelidae |
DXVI-XXIII
44-45;AIII44-52;P19-24;C15 |
LC |
|
134 |
Macrognathus pancalus (Hamilton, 1822) |
Mastacembelidae |
DXXIV-XXVI30-42;AIII31-46;P17-19;C12 |
LC |
|
135 |
Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède, 1800) |
Mastacembelidae |
DXXXII-XL;64-92;AIII64-90;P21-27;C14-17 |
DD |
|
136 |
Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822) |
Mugilidae |
D1IV,D2I8;AIII9;P16;VI5 |
LC |
|
137 |
Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822) |
Nandidae |
DXII-XIV11-13;AIII7-9;P15;VI5 |
LC |
|
138 |
Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822) |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii9-11;Aiii5;Pi11;Vi7 |
LC |
|
139 |
Neonoemacheilus assamensis (Menon, 1987) |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii8;Aii5;Pi10;Vi7 |
NT |
|
140 |
Paracanthocobitis zonalternans (Blyth, 1860) |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii10;Aiii5-6;Pi11;Vi7 |
LC |
|
141 |
Schistura beavani (Günther, 1868) |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii9-11;Aiii5;Pi11;Vi7 |
LC |
|
142 |
Schistura kangjupkhulensis (Hora, 1921) |
Nemacheilidae |
Dii7;Aii5;Pi8;Vi6 |
EN |
|
143 |
Rhyacoschistura manipurensis (Chaudhuri, 1912) |
Nemacheilidae |
Di7;Aii5;Pi11;Vi7 |
NT |
|
144 |
Schistura multifasciata (Day, 1878) |
Nemacheilidae |
Dii8;Aii5;Pi10-11;Vi7-8 |
LC |
|
145 |
Schistura nagaensis (Menon, 1987) |
Nemacheilidae |
Dii8;Aii5;Pi8;Vi6 |
VU |
|
146 |
Mustura prashadi (Hora, 1921) |
Nemacheilidae |
Dii8;Aii5;Pi10;Vi7 |
VU |
|
147 |
Schistura reticulofasciata (Singh &
Bănărescu, 1982) |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii8;Aii-iii5;Pi9;Vi6-7 |
VU |
|
148 |
Acantopsis savona (Hamilton, 1822) |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii9;Aii5;Pi9:Vi6 |
LC |
|
149 |
Schistura scaturigina McClelland, 1839 |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii8;Ai5;Pi9;Vi7 |
LC |
|
150 |
Mustura sijuensis (Menon, 1987) |
Nemacheilidae |
Dii8;Aii5;Pi10;Vi7 |
EN |
|
151 |
Schistura sikmaiensis (Hora, 1921) |
Nemacheilidae |
Dii8;Aii5;Pi10-11;Vi7 |
LC |
|
152 |
Schistura singhi (Menon, 1987) |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii7;Aii5;Pi8;Vi6 |
VU |
|
153 |
Schistura tirapensis Kottelat, 1990 |
Nemacheilidae |
Dii8;Aii5;Pi10;Vi7 |
LC |
|
154 |
Schistura vinciguerrae (Hora, 1935) |
Nemacheilidae |
Diii8;Aii5;Pi11;Vi6 |
LC |
|
155 |
Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) |
Notopteridae |
D9-10;A+C110-135;V6 |
NT |
|
156 |
Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) |
Notopteridae |
D7-9;A+C100-110;V5-6 |
LC |
|
157 |
Trichogaster chuna (Hamilton, 1822) |
Osphronemidae |
DXVII-XVIII6-9;AXVIII-XXII11-13;P9 |
LC |
|
158 |
Trichogaster fasciata (Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) |
Osphronemidae |
DXV-XVII9-14;AXV-XVIII14-19;P9-10 |
LC |
|
159 |
Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Osphronemidae |
DXV-XVII7-10;AXVII-XVIII13-17;P10 |
LC |
|
160 |
Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801 |
Osphronemidae |
DXI-XIII11-12;AIX-XII19-21;Pi11;VI5 |
LC |
|
161 |
Psilorhynchus balitora (Hamilton, 1822) |
Psilorhynchidae |
Diii8;Aii5;Pv-viii7-9;Vii7 |
LC |
|
162 |
Psilorhynchus homaloptera Hora &
Mukerji, 1935 |
Psilorhynchidae |
Dii7;Aii5;Pvii-viii9;Vii7 |
LC |
|
163 |
Psilorhynchus sucatio (Hamilton, 1822) |
Psilorhynchidae |
Dii7;Aii5;Piv8-9;Vii7-8 |
LC |
|
164 |
Psilorhynchus kosygini Shangningam, 2024 |
Psilorhynchidae |
Dii.8,Aii.6,Pviii(7)7(i)8(3),Vii.7 |
NE |
|
165 |
Eutropiichthys murius (Hamilton, 1822) |
Schilbeidae |
DI7;Aiii35-40;PI10-11;Vi5 |
LC |
|
166 |
Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822) |
Schilbeidae |
DI7;Aiii-iv41-52;PI13-16;Vi5 |
LC |
|
167 |
Johnius coitor (Hamilton, 1822) |
Scianenidae |
DX+I26-29;AII7;Pi15-16;VI5 |
LC |
|
168 |
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) |
Siluridae |
D4;Aii-iii57-58;PI12-14;Vi7-8 |
NT |
|
169 |
Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) |
Siluridae |
D4-5;Aii48-54;PI11-13;Vi6-7 |
NT |
|
170 |
Pterocryptis berdmorei (Blyth, 1860) |
Siluridae |
D4;Aii60-62;PI11;Vi9 |
LC |
|
171 |
Pterocryptis gangelica Peters, 1861 |
Siluridae |
D2;Aii72;PI11;Vi8 |
DD |
|
172 |
Pterocryptis indicus Datta, Barman
& Jayaram, 1987 |
Siluridae |
Di;Aiii85;Pi11;Vi7 |
DD |
|
173 |
Wallago attu (Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) |
Siluridae |
D5;Aiii74-93;PI13-15;Vi7-9 |
VU |
|
174 |
Conta conta (Hamilton, 1822) |
Sisoridae |
DI5-6;Aii-iii7;PI6;Vi5 |
DD |
|
175 |
Erethistes hara (Hamilton, 1822) |
Sisoridae |
DI6-7;Aiv7-8;PI7;Vi5 |
LC |
|
176 |
Erethistes horai (Misra, 1976) |
Sisoridae |
DI6;Aiii7;PI6;Vi5 |
LC |
|
177 |
Erethistes jerdoni (Day, 1870) |
Sisoridae |
DI5;Aiv-v5-7;PI4-5;Vi5 |
LC |
|
178 |
Erethistes pusillus Müller &
Troschel, 1849 |
Sisoridae |
DI6;Aiii8;PI5-6;Vi5 |
LC |
|
179 |
Pseudolaguvia vespa Praveenraj,
Vijayakrishna, Lima & Gurumayum, 2021 |
Sisoridae |
D 5, i (1), 6, i*(2) or 6 (7);P
7*(2) or 8 (8);Vi,4,i(2) or i,5, i* (8);A iv, 5, i* (5), iv, 6, i (4) or
iv,or iv,7, i(1);C i,14,i(10) |
NE |
|
180 |
Bagarius bagarius (Sykes, 1839) |
Sisoridae |
Di7;Aiii9-12;Pi11-14;Vi5 |
VU |
|
181 |
Exostoma berdmorei (Blyth, 1860) |
Sisoridae |
Di6;Ai5;Pi10;Vi5 |
DD |
|
182 |
Exostoma labiatum (McClelland, 1842) |
Sisoridae |
Di6;Ai5;Pi11-12;Vi5 |
LC |
|
183 |
Exostoma stuarti (Hora, 1923) |
Sisoridae |
Di6;Ai5;Pi10;Vi5 |
DD |
|
184 |
Exostoma vinciguerrae Regan, 1905 |
Sisoridae |
Di6;Ai5;Pi10;Vi5 |
DD |
|
185 |
Exostoma sentiyonoae Shangningam &
Limatemjen, 2024 |
Sisoridae |
Di6(7);
Ai5(7);Pi10(7);Vi5(7);Ci,6,7,i (3) or i,7,8,i(4) |
NE |
|
186 |
Gagata cenia (Hamilton, 1822) |
Sisoridae |
Di6:Aii-iii10-14;Pi7-9;Vi5 |
LC |
|
187 |
Glyptosternon maculatum Regan, 1905 |
Sisoridae |
Di6;Ai5;Pi12;Vi5 |
LC |
|
188 |
Glyptothorax cavia (Hamilton, 1822) |
Sisoridae |
Di6;Aii9-10;PI9;Vi5 |
LC |
|
189 |
Glyptothorax saisii Jenkins, 1910 |
Sisoridae |
Di6;Aiv8;Pi10;Vi5 |
VU |
|
190 |
Glyptothorax sentimereni Praveenraj &
Vijayakrishnan 2026 |
Sisoridae |
DI,6*(3);Aiv,8*(2) or
iv,9(1);Pi,10*i(3);Vi,5(3);Ci,7,8,i* |
NE |
|
191 |
Glyptothorax indicus Talwar, 1991 |
Sisoridae |
DI5-6;Aii8-9;PI8-9;Vi5 |
LC |
|
192 |
Glyptothorax manipurensis (Menon, 1955) |
Sisoridae |
DI6;Aii9;PI9;Vi5 |
VU |
|
193 |
Glyptothorax platypogonides (Bleeker, 1855) |
Sisoridae |
Di6-7;Aiii-iv9;Pi8-9;Vi5 |
LC |
|
194 |
Glyptothorax sinensis Regan, 1908 |
Sisoridae |
Di6;Aii9;Pi9;Vi5 |
DD |
|
195 |
Glyptothorax telchitta (Hamilton, 1822) |
Sisoridae |
DI6-7;Aii9-10;PI7-9;Vi5 |
LC |
|
196 |
Glyptothorax trilineatus (Blyth, 1860) |
Sisoridae |
DI6-7;Ai9-10;PI10-11;Vi5 |
LC |
|
197 |
Myersglanis jayarami Vishwanath &
Kosygin, 1999 |
Sisoridae |
D;A5;P10;C15-16 |
VU |
|
198 |
Nangra nangra (Hamilton, 1822) |
Sisoridae |
DI9-10;Aiii10;PI9;Vi5 |
LC |
|
199 |
Pseudecheneis nagalandensis Shangningam &
Kosygin, 2020 |
Sisoridae |
Di,6(8);Aiii,8(8);Pi,14(8);Vi,5(8);Ci,7,8i(8) |
NE |
|
200 |
Sisor rabdophorus (Hamilton, 1822) |
Sisoridae |
DI6;Aii4;PI8;Vi7 |
LC |
|
201 |
Monopterus albus Zuiew, 1793 |
Synbranchidae |
-------- |
LC |
|
202 |
Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) |
Synbranchidae |
------- |
LC |
D—Dorsal
fin | D1—First dorsal fin | D2—Second dorsal fin | A—Anal fin | P—Pectoral fin
| V—Pelvic fin | LC—Least Concern | DD—Data Deficient | NT—Near Threatened |
VU—Vulnerable | EN—Endangered | NE—Not Evaluated.
Table 4.
Threatened fish species under the IUCN Red List in Nagaland.
|
Scientific name |
IUCN Red List category |
Threats |
Criteria IUCN (ver 3.1) |
Conservation
actions needed |
|
Amblyceps arunachalense Nath & Dey,
1989 |
EN |
Mining &
quarrying Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources |
B1ab(iii) |
Land/water
protection Land/water
management |
|
Schistura kangjupkhulensis (Hora, 1921) |
EN |
Destructive fishing
methods Human intrusions
& disturbance |
A3c+4ac; B2ab(iii,iv,v) |
Land/water
protection Land/water
management Education &
awareness Law &
policy |
|
Mustura sijuensis (Menon, 1987) |
EN |
Mining &
quarrying Logging & wood
harvesting |
B1ab(iii) |
Land/water
protection Land/water
management Species
management Education &
awareness Law & policy |
|
Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) |
EN |
Domestic &
urban waste water Agricultural &
forestry effluents Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Invasive non-native |
A3cde+4acde |
Land/water
protection Land/water
management Species
management Education &
awareness Law &
policy Livelihood,
economic & other incentives |
|
Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) |
EN |
Housing & urban
areas Mining &
quarrying Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Recreational
activities Dams & water
management/use Domestic &
urban waste water Agricultural &
forestry effluents Habitat shifting
& alteration Droughts Storms &
flooding |
A2abcd |
Species
management Education &
awareness Law & policy |
|
Schistura nagaensis (Menon, 1987) |
VU |
Annual &
perennial non-timber crops. Agricultural &
forestry effluents |
B1ab(iii). |
Site/area
protection Site/area
management Habitat &
natural process restoration |
|
Mustura prashadi (Hora, 1921) |
VU |
Housing & urban
areas Domestic &
urban waste water Agricultural &
forestry effluents |
B1ab(iii) |
Site/area
protection Resource &
habitat protection Site/area
management Habitat &
natural process restoration Awareness &
communications |
|
Schistura reticulofasciata (Singh & Bănărescu,
1982) |
VU |
Logging & wood
harvesting Other ecosystem
modifications |
B1ab(iii); D2. |
Site/area
protection Resource &
habitat protection Site/area
management Habitat &
natural process restoration Species management Species
recovery Ex-situ
conservation Awareness &
communications Legislation Policies and
regulations |
|
Schistura singhi (Menon, 1987) |
VU |
Annual &
perennial non-timber crops Dams & water
management/use |
B1ab(iii); D2 |
More research is
needed on distribution, life history, population, trends, habitat, and
impacts of threat. |
|
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) |
VU |
Invasive
non-native/alien species/diseases |
A4ae |
Site/area
protection Invasive/problematic
species control Awareness &
communications Policies and
regulations |
|
Botia rostrata (Günther, 1868) |
VU |
Housing & urban
areas Mining &
quarrying Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources |
A2cd |
Impact of threats
on the species distribution and population requires detailed studies. |
|
Cyprinion semiplotum (McClelland, 1839) |
VU |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Other ecosystem
modifications |
A2acde+3cde |
Resource &
habitat protection Harvest management Legislation at
International level Livelihood,
economic & other incentives (Substitution) |
|
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 |
VU |
Transportation
& service corridors (Shipping lanes) Dams & water
management/use Introduced genetic
material |
A2ce |
Site/area
management Invasive/problematic
species control Habitat &
natural process restoration |
|
Devario naganensis (Chaudhuri, 1912) |
VU |
Dams & water
management/use |
B1ab(iii) |
More research is
needed on distribution, life history, population, trends, habitat, and
impacts of threat. |
|
Opsarius dogarsinghi (Hora, 1921) |
VU |
Human intrusions
& disturbance |
B1ab(iii) |
Resource &
habitat protection |
|
Pethia shalynius (Yazdani
& Talukdar, 1975) |
VU |
Mining &
quarrying |
B1ab(iii) |
More research is
required on distribution, biology, population, habitat, trends and threats to
the species |
|
Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray, 1832) |
VU |
Tourism &
recreation areas Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Dams & water
management/use Invasive
non-native/alien species/diseases Other threat |
A2acd+3cde+ 4acde |
Site/area
protection Resource &
habitat protection Site/area
management Invasive/problematics
species control Species
recovery Species
re-introduction Ex-situ
conservation Formal
education Awareness &
communications Policies and
regulations |
|
Wallago attu (Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) |
VU |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Recreational
activities Domestic &
urban waste water Agricultural &
forestry effluents Droughts Storms &
flooding |
A2d |
Resource &
habitat protection Harvest management |
|
Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, 1822) |
VU |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Dams & water
management/use |
A2d |
More information
about the population size and trend, as well as the effect of fishing and
other anthropogenic activities on the global population, is needed. |
|
Glyptothorax saisii (Jenkins, 1910) |
VU |
Mining &
quarrying Logging & wood
harvesting |
B1ab(iii)+ 2ab(iii); D2 |
Data on the
species' population status, distribution, and associated threats is needed |
|
Glyptothorax manipurensis Menon, 1955 |
VU |
Dams & water
management/use |
B2ac(ii) |
The potential
threats to this species require more thorough and immediate study. |
|
Myersglanis jayarami Vishwanath &
Kosygin, 1999 |
VU |
Annual &
perennial non-timber crops Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources |
B1ab(iii) |
Further
investigation into the distribution and biology of this species is necessary
due to the lack of adequate information currently available. |
|
Anguilla bengalensis (Gray, 1831) |
NT |
Housing & urban
areas Commercial &
industrial areas Oil & gas
drilling Mining &
quarrying Renewable energy Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Dams & water
management/use Invasive non-native Domestic &
urban waste water Industrial &
military effluents Agricultural &
forestry effluents |
A2cd |
Species
management Education &
awareness |
|
Balitora brucei Gray, 1830 |
NT |
Mining &
quarrying Agricultural &
forestry effluents |
------ |
Site/area
protection Resource &
habitat protection Site/area
management Ex-situ
conservation |
|
Neonoemacheilus assamensis (Menon, 1987) |
NT |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources |
------ |
Site/area
protection |
|
Garra gravelyi (Annandale, 1919) |
NT |
Human intrusions
& disturbance Domestic &
urban waste water |
------ |
Resource &
habitat protection |
|
Garra rupecula (McClelland, 1839) |
NT |
Mining &
quarrying Logging & wood
harvesting Dams & water
management/use |
------ |
Resource &
habitat protection Awareness &
communications |
|
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes,
1844) |
NT |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Dams & water
management/use Domestic &
urban waste water Industrial &
military effluents Agricultural &
forestry effluents |
------ |
Wild population
should be monitored. |
|
Labeo pangusia (Hamilton, 1822) |
NT |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources |
------ |
Awareness &
communications |
|
Neolissochilus hexagonolepis
(McClelland, 1839) |
NT |
Commercial &
industrial areas Tourism &
recreation areas Annual &
perennial non-timber crops Wood & pulp
plantations Mining &
quarrying Roads &
railroads Logging & wood
harvesting Dams & water
management/use Domestic &
urban waste water Industrial &
military effluents |
------ |
Site/area
protection Resource &
habitat protection Site/area
management Habitat &
natural process restoration Harvest management Awareness &
communications Legislation at
National Level Compliance and
enforcement |
|
Neolissochilus hexastichus
(McClelland, 1839) |
NT |
Mining &
quarrying Logging & wood
harvesting Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Dams & water
management/use |
------ |
Research Biology of the fish |
|
Systomus clavatus (McClelland, 1845) |
NT |
Mining &
quarrying Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Dams & water
management/use |
------ |
Site/area
protection |
|
Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) |
NT |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources Other ecosystem
modifications |
------ |
Site/area
protection Resource &
habitat protection |
|
Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822) |
NT |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources |
------ |
Pollution and
habitat destruction's impact on population declines needs more research. |
|
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) |
NT |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources |
------ |
Harvest management Awareness &
communications |
|
Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) |
NT |
Fishing &
harvesting aquatic resources |
------ |
Pollution and
habitat destruction's impact on population declines needs more research. |
|
Rhyacoschistura manipurensis (Chaudhuri, 1912) |
NT |
Dynamite and other
destructive fishing Human interference
and poisoning |
------ |
Site/area
protection |
For
figures - - click here for full PDF
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