{"id":317,"date":"2018-09-02T04:30:22","date_gmt":"2018-09-02T04:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/wordpress\/?p=317"},"modified":"2018-09-22T08:58:53","modified_gmt":"2018-09-22T08:58:53","slug":"human-elephant-interaction-in-kerala-cultivating-tolerance-through-attitudinal-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/jottings\/behaviour\/human-elephant-interaction-in-kerala-cultivating-tolerance-through-attitudinal-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Human-elephant interaction in Kerala: cultivating tolerance through attitudinal change"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nilambur Forest Reserve in Kerala, home to Asia\u2019s largest population of Endangered Asian Elephants, experiences frequent events of the Human-Elephant interactions.\u00a0 The subsequent economic losses and psychological stress and fear affect residents\u2019 tolerance towards elephants, and thereby their attitude towards their conservation.\u00a0 Since support and cooperation from residents is critical for the long-term sustainability of conservation areas, it is important to assess and understand the attitudes of forest fringe dwellers towards these interactions, and conservation of forest and elephants.<\/p>\n<h2>Addressing negative interactions from people\u2019s point of view<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_785\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-785\" class=\"wp-image-785 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/jottings\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/elephant-2405757_1280-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Asian Elephant\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/jottings\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/elephant-2405757_1280-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/jottings\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/elephant-2405757_1280-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/jottings\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/elephant-2405757_1280-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/jottings\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/elephant-2405757_1280.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-785\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image 1. Asian Elephant<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elephant invasion into human habitations is a common occurrence throughout the range of the Nilambur Forest Reserve in the southern Western Ghats in Kerala.\u00a0 These negative interactions affect the tolerance of the forest fringe dwellers towards elephants by incurring huge economic losses as well as psychological stress and fear associated with movement restriction and chances of encounters with elephants.\u00a0 Understanding these attitudes and perceptions, and addressing these issues from people\u2019s point of view, are crucial in fostering the support and cooperation of residents, without which sustainable conservation efforts in the area will fail.<\/p>\n<h2>Understanding the factors that support positive attitudes<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A questionnaire survey conducted by Rohini et al. showed that even in the midst of the interaction issues, the majority of the residents of the area favoured forest conservation owing to its ecological value (87.52%) and extraction benefits (64.1%).\u00a0 The combination of these non-economic and economic factors, respectively, are critical in maintaining people\u2019s relationship with forests and building positive attitudes towards its long-term conservation.\u00a0 In the present study, it was observed that people responded negatively towards forest conservation when they perceived that they did not receive economic benefits yet bore the costs associated with conservation initiatives, living with wildlife, and interaction-related stress and losses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Almost equal proportions of people had positive and negative attitudes towards elephants.\u00a0 While a favourable opinion towards elephant conservation was mostly due to cultural tolerance and sympathy of villagers towards the species, the unfavourable opinion was attributed to economic and social impacts of conflict incidences.\u00a0 In such instances, the possibility of a drastic shift towards negative attitudes following spontaneous elephant conflict events can be expected.<\/p>\n<h2>Balancing trade-offs for continued co-existence<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It was noted in the present study that although people were aware of the ecological importance of forests, most were largely uninformed about the ecological role of elephants in seed dispersal, energy transfer in the food chain, and ultimately in the existence of forest ecosystems.\u00a0 It is, therefore, necessary to formulate policies and develop programs to improve conservation attitudes and tolerance of people by specifically targeting on their misconceptions, and making them aware of the current status and ground level realities of natural resource conservation.\u00a0 Ecological awareness, environmental education, interaction among stakeholders and participatory maintenance of mitigation methods could reduce conflict and contribute towards continued coexistence of people and elephants in this human-dominated landscape.<\/p>\n<table width=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u25ba\u00a0Wildlife conservation issues in areas outside protected areas need to be addressed more efficiently.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u25ba\u00a0Issues of Human-Elephant interaction need to be addressed also from people\u2019s point of view.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u25ba\u00a0Knowledge of people\u2019s attitudes towards conservation should be used to develop awareness programs that specifically target people\u2019s misconceptions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u25ba\u00a0People should be made aware of the ecosystem services rendered by elephants, as well as the status and realities of conservation initiatives.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Reference<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Rohini, C.K., T. Aravindan, K.S.A. Das &amp; P.A. Vinayan (2018).<\/strong> People\u2019s attitude towards wild elephants, forest conservation and Human-Elephant conflict in Nilambur, southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India. <em>Journal of Threatened Taxa<\/em> 10(6): 11710\u201311716; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11609\/jott.3487.10.6.11710-11716\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11609\/jott.3487.10.6.11710-11716<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Read another article on human-elephant interaction <a href=\"https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/jottings\/behaviour\/crop-thieves-or-unassuming-beasts-local-opinions-on-wild-elephants-in-nilambur-kerala\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The study by Rohini et al. tries to understand people\u2019s attitude towards wild elephants, forest conservation, and human-elephant interaction in Kerala.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[76,77,84,80,24],"class_list":["post-317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behaviour","tag-attitude","tag-crop-damage","tag-elephant","tag-human-animal-interaction","tag-western-ghats"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Human-elephant interaction in Kerala: cultivating tolerance through attitudinal change | Jottings<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The study by Rohini et al. tries to understand people\u2019s attitude towards wild elephants, forest conservation, and human-elephant interaction in Kerala.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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