Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2025 | 17(10): 27651–27660

 

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9895.17.10.27651-27660

#9895 | Received 04 May 2025 | Final received 16 September 2025 | Finally accepted 22 September 2025

 

 

Ecological status, distribution, and conservation strategies of Terminalia coronata in the community forests of southern Haryana, India

 

K.C. Meena 1 , Neetu Singh 2 , M.S. Bhandoria 3 , Pradeep Bansal 4  & S.S. Yadav 5    

 

1,2,5 Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.

3 Department of Botany, Government College for Women, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123029, India.

4 Department of Botany, Kishan Lal Public College, Rewari, Haryana 123401, India.

1 kcmeena91@gmail.com, 2 jinagalneetu5885@gmail.com, 3 msbhandoria@rediffmail.com, 4 bansalklprewari@gmail.com,

5 ssyadavindia@mdurohtak.ac.in (corresponding author)

 

 

Editor: Anonymity requested.            Date of publication: 26 October 2025 (online & print)

 

Citation: Meena, K.C., N. Singh, M.S. Bhandoria, P. Bansal & S.S. Yadav (2025). Ecological status, distribution, and conservation strategies of Terminalia coronata in the community forests of southern Haryana, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 17(10): 27651–27660. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9895.17.10.27651-27660

 

Copyright: © Meena et al. 2025. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.

 

Funding: Authors did not receive any funding for this study.

 

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

 

Author details: K.C. Meena is a member of Indian Forest Service belonging to 1991 batch and presently working as managing director cum principal chief conservator of forests, Haryana Forest Development Corporation Limited. He is having 34  years of experience in forest management, forest conservation, environmental management, joint forest management, community forestry, watershed management, wetland management, project formulation, wild life management, medicinal plants, implementation of externally aided EU and JBIC projects, forestry research, agroforestry, micro planning, desertification, tree improvement, nursery management, forest administration, forest and environment laws, budgeting, resource mobilization, animal welfare, eco-tourism. He is also pursuing PhD programme in Botany from Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak. Dr. Neetu Singh has completed her PhD from the Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana)-India. She is currently working on pharmacological evaluation of medicinal plants, particularly spices. She has great interest in natural products, medicinal plants, spices, phytochemistry, pharmacology of natural and semi-synthetic compounds, schiff bases, hydrazones, docking. She has published 25 good research articles in high impacted journals such as food chemistry, phytotherapy research, current research in food science, journal of ethnopharmacology, food bioscience, and so on. Dr. Pradeep Bansal is working as associate professor in the Department of Botany, Kishan Lal Public College, Rewari, Haryana, India since 2008. He is engaged in field studies of Aravalli Hills of southern Haryana for taxonomic, ethnomedicinal and ornamental point of view. He has published 10 research articles in the journals of national and international repute. Presently, he is studying the role of wild ornamental flora in urban planning and beautification of our surrounding to minimize the adverse affects of exotic ornamental plants. He is elected member of Academic Council and Court of Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur (Rewari) Haryana. Dr. Makhan Singh is working as professor of Botany at Government College for Women, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India since last 24 years. His area of research includes taxonomy of higher plants and ethnobotany. He has published over dozen research papers in highly reputed national and international peer reviewed and indexed journals. He is well known authority in the field of plant taxonomy and nomenclature. He has presented his research work in more than 50 national and international seminars. He is also working for the popularization of science among the school children. Dr. Surender Singh Yadav is working as a professor in Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana) India. His research interests span across the disciplines of biodiversity conservation, ecology, floristics, plant taxonomy, climate change, biological invasion, ethnobotany and bioprospection of medicinal flora. He has completed five major research projects and published over 95 research articles. He has participated in 90 national/international seminars/conferences. He has supervised seven PhD students and 70 MSc students for their dissertation. He is the former elected member of the executive council; director Campus Forestry & Plantation Drive, coordinator, University Outreach Programme at M.D. University Rohtak. He is also actively engaged in science popularization, tree plantation and environment awareness campaigns in different parts of India.

 

Author contributions: KCM and SSY conceptualized and designed the study. KCM, MSB, and SSY surveyed the area, collected data. KCM, MSB, SSY and PB helped in identification of the plant material. KCM and NS wrote the first draft of the manuscript. SSY supervised the whole study. All authors were actively involved in manuscript preparation, reviewing and editing.

 

Acknowledgments: The authors are highly thankful to the Forest and Wildlife Department, Haryana, especially officers and frontline staff of Nuh, Rewari, Mahendergarh, Bhiwani, Rohtak, Jhajjar and Charkhi Dadri. Forest Divisions and the Haryana State Bio-diversity Board are also acknowledged for providing basic information, advice and assistance during the field survey. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support and Indigenous knowledge provided by the local people of the study area and the Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, for extending all facilities for conducting the study.

 

 

 

Abstract: Terminalia coronata is one of the economically and ecologically important native species of the arid and semi-arid region of south-west Haryana in India. However, the information on the distribution pattern and population structure of this species is very limited. Therefore, a study was aimed to inventorise, characterize, and map the distribution of T. coronata in the state of Haryana, India. Population inventory indicated that T. coronata is one of the fast-depleting species in the studied region. Consequently, further study was conducted to assess the threat and extinction risk of T. coronata in the southern and southwestern Haryana. Some efforts have also been made to design various conservation strategies, such as, development of standard protocols for nurseries, and formulation of government policies for ex situ & in situ conservation of T. coronata in Haryana. Results revealed that the distribution of T. coronata was limited to only seven districts of Haryana, including Nuh, Rewari, Mahendergarh, Charkhi Dadri, Bhiwani, Jhajjar, and Rohtak. Only 475 individuals of the species were found at 47 sites. The natural regeneration of the species was almost absent. It was suggested that species extinction could be prevented by reducing overexploitation, heavy lopping, land use change, heavy biotic pressure, habitat fragmentation, and climate change. Immediate measures are needed to conserve and develop the species population through appropriate propagation techniques.

 

Keywords: Biotic pressure, climate change, endemic, habitat fragmentation, Indrok, population structure, threatened.

 

 

 

Introduction

 

The genus Terminalia L. (Combretaceae) comprises approximately 200 species of trees and shrubs distributed across tropical, and subtropical zones, many of which yield high-value non-timber forest products (NTFPs) (Zhang et al. 2019). In India, Terminalia species play fundamental ecological and socioeconomic roles, particularly in dry deciduous and thorn forest ecosystems by providing fuelwood, fodder, medicines, and ecosystem stability. Terminalia coronata (Stapf) Gere & Boatwr. is among the lesser-studied species in this complex, with its taxonomy recently clarified through molecular revision, wherein Anogeissus genus is assimilated into Terminalia (Maurin et al. 2017).

Terminalia coronata is a drought-adapted species native to northwestern and central India, occurring in seasonally dry tropical biomes and presently reported as ‘endemic and threatened’ in the arid, and semi-arid regions of northwestern India, noting its occurrence in patches—especially in sandy-loam to loamy-sandy soils of depressed landforms (Singh et al. 2021). Within Haryana, especially in the seven districts of Nuh, Rewari, Mahendergarh, Charkhi Dadri, Jhajjar, Rohtak, and Bhiwani, the species is largely confined to the Aravalli hill system, and associated rocky outcrops, configured as a mosaic of community forests, village commons, and degraded scrublands. These landscapes fall under the northern tropical thorn and dry deciduous forest types (Champion & Seth 1968). Terminalia coronata tends to appear in small subpopulations along shallow colluvial soils and edges of degraded forest, often co-occurring with species such as Senegalia senegal, Vachellia leucophloea, Balanites aegyptiaca, and Boswellia serrata, which are dominant components of biomass in similar landscapes. Its socio-economic uses are consistent with related species, serving as fuelwood and small timber; stems are coppiced for poles, and implements; leaves are occasionally used as fodder; and bark or foliage may serve in traditional remedies as astringents. Similar ethnopharmacological uses are common in Anogeissus (now Terminalia) species in India and Asia, including treatment of gastric disorders, skin conditions, and wound healing (Zhang et al. 2019). Despite this ecological and socio-economic significance, scientific knowledge of T. coronata in Haryana remains fragmentary. Existing literature (regional floras and forest working plans) makes only incidental mentions, lacking quantitative data on distribution patterns, population density, regeneration potential, habitat associations, or responses to disturbance. Also missing are insights into reproductive ecology, genetic diversity, or propagation methods tailored to local restoration efforts.

This knowledge gap presents a pressing conservation challenge, without a clear understanding of the species’ spatial occurrence, population health, regeneration dynamics, and threats, it is impossible to properly assess its IUCN Red List status at the state level, design effective management interventions, or include it in Aravalli restoration and enrichment initiatives. Haryana, one of the distributional ranges of T. coronata, is a northwestern state in India with a total geographical area of 44,212 km2. Various theories have proved that the distribution of species is primarily determined by its evolution base, biogeography, and conservation actions taken from time to time (Barik et al. 2018). All these theories have also suggested that biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors played a vital role in the spatial distribution pattern of the species (McKinney 2002). Therefore, the present study provides the first comprehensive species-level assessment of T. coronata across community forests in Nuh, Rewari, Mahendergarh, Charkhi Dadri, Jhajjar, Rohtak, and Bhiwani. Outcomes of the study will map its current distribution and habitat associations; quantify population structure based on Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and regeneration modes; evaluate environmental and anthropogenic influences on its occurrence and formulate community-compatible conservation. These efforts aim to inform species-specific conservation planning, guide propagation and restoration protocols, and strengthen biodiversity resilience in southern Haryana, India.

 

 

Materials & Methods

 

Study site

Present study was conducted in seven districts of southern part of Haryana State in India. A total of 47 locations were identified in seven districts in Haryana (Nuh, Rewari, Mahendergarh, Charkhi Dadri, Jhajjar, Bhiwani, and Rohtak) (Figure 1, 2). The climatic conditions of the study area vary from arid to semi-arid. Rainfall pattern varies 350–650 mm annually, with majority (75%) of the rainfall during July–September. The area has a distinct topography with flat alluvial plains with local undulations of sand-dunes and Aravalli outcrops with altitude varying 215–275 m. Tropical dry deciduous forests and thorn scrub forests characterized the vegetation. The study area covers about 31% of the total geographical area and about 28% of the state’s total population (ISFR 2023).

 

Literature survey

An extensive literature survey was conducted to determine historical and contemporary records of Terminalia coronata in Haryana following district gazetteers for all districts, forest division working plans, regional floras, tree census records, biodiversity occurrence data, and people’s biodiversity registers (PBRs) obtained via district coordinators. Additional location records were gathered through district-wise consultations with forest officials and semi-structured interview with elderly residents of villages possessing community forest patches with open-ended questionnaire. The obtained data were used to corroborate secondary data and identify potential T. coronata sites not reflected in official records.

 

Field investigation

Field investigations were conducted from April 2023 to March 2025 to verify the presence of T. coronata across all identified locations. In each site, all individuals—including mature trees, saplings, and seedlings—were enumerated. Botanical identification followed regional floras and taxonomic revisions of Terminalia. For each individual, diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, crown diameter, ownership status, and micro-habitat description were recorded. The individuals of each tree species were segregated based on their DBH (measured at 1.37 m above ground) exceeding 30 cm were classified as mature trees. Those with DBH less than 10 cm were categorised as seedlings, while individuals with DBH values between these two limits were considered saplings (Malik & Bhatt 2015). The geographic coordinates of each tree were recorded using a handheld GPS receiver.  These point data were later imported into GIS software (QGIS v3.28) for spatial analysis & mapping of the species’ distribution within, and across districts.

 

Data management and analysis

Data from all field sites were compiled into a relational database. Summary statistics were generated for population structure (seedling, sapling and mature classes), size-class distribution, and health status. District-wise abundance and density were calculated. The spatial dataset was used to prepare thematic maps illustrating current known distribution, overlaid with administrative boundaries, and forest type layers.

 

 

Results and Discussion

 

Taxonomic treatment

Terminalia coronata (Stapf) Gere & Boatwr. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 184: 319. 2017. Anogeissus coronata Stapf, Kew Bull. 4: 153. 1914; Bhandari Fl. Indian Desert 140. 1990. Anogeissus sericea Brandis, Indian Forester 25:  287. 1899. Anogeissus sericea var. nummularia King ex Duthie, Fl. Upp. Gang. Pl. 1: 340. 1903; Scott in Kew Bull. 33: 559.1979. Anogeissus rotundifolia Blatt. & Hallb., Journal Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36: 525.1919.

 

Botanical Description

Small tree, 4–6 m high; bark rough to fissured, tomentose; branchlets 1–4 mm thick. Leaves 0.6–2 × 0.4–2 cm, orbicular to flabellate or obovate, rounded, obtuse, truncate or subacute at base, rounded, retuse, obcordate or truncate and mucronulate at apex, coriaceous, tomentellous, pale green when dry; lateral nerves 4–6 pairs, faint, arcuate; tertiary nerves inconspicuous; petioles 1–3 mm long. Inflorescence heads 10–20 mm in diam., axillary, and terminal, rarely branched; peduncles 5–25 mm long, tomentellous; bracts on peduncles two pairs, 1–5 mm long, deciduous; bracteoles 1–2 mm long. Flowers tomentellous. Calyx-tube 3–4 mm long; teeth triangular, c. 0.5 mm long. Stamens 2.5–3.5 mm long. Style 1.5–2.5 mm long. Fruits 3.5–5 × 6–8 mm (excluding beak), brown, glabrous; beak 3–4 mm long; wings undulate.

 

Flowering & Fruiting

September to February.

 

Distribution

Terminalia coronata is endemic to northwestern India, common in dry habitats at 300–600 m in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab. Earlier studies have reported its distribution in arid and semi-arid parts of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab (Meena et al. 2018). The species occurrence was reported from Banaskantha and Mehsana districts in Gujarat (Kumar & Kalavathy 2010). In Rajasthan, the species was reported from Ajmer, Udaipur, Pratapgarh, Chittorgarh, Pali Rajsamand, Sirohi, Jodhpur, and Alwar (Singh 2016). Additionally, distribution of T. coronata was also reported from the Aravalli Hills and Mahendergarh District of Haryana (Singh et al. 2021).

 

Taxonomic note

Various molecular studies have supported that Terminalia (Combretaceae: Terminaliinae) is paraphyletic, with the genera Pteleopsis, Buchenavia, and Anogeissus incorporated (Maurin et al. 2010). The molecular results confirmed that Anogeissus, Buchenavia, and Pteleopsis are embedded in Terminalia. These three genera were formally transferred to Terminalia (Maurin et al. 2017). Accordingly, all eight species of the earlier genus Anogeissus were put under Terminalia.

 

Ecology & Population Structure

Terminalia coronata grows luxuriantly in areas with lime-rich sandy loam to loamy sand with good water-holding capacity, and prefers low-lying areas near village ponds, earthen bunds, moist valleys, seasonal waterways, and foothills. It is generally found in gregarious form in pure patches near water bodies or low-lying areas. Similar growth pattern was also reported from Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh (Kumar & Kalavathy 2010; Meena et al. 2018).

After an extensive survey of the study area, T. coronata population was found at 47 sites only (Figure 2). Majority of the populations were situated in Bhiwani District (15 sites), followed by 11 sites in Charkhi Dadri, eight sites in Mahendergarh, seven sites in Rewari, two sites in Nuh, and three sites in Jhajjar districts. In Rohtak, only one location of T. coronata population was found. Cumulatively, 428 trees were found in the seven districts. Habitat distribution of the species indicates its highly fragmented pattern concentrated in small patches, which were basically remnants of community forests. At 11 locations, only a single mature individual was present. Such solitary populations of T. coronata always remain vulnerable to disappearance by anthropogenic disturbances.

The tree with a maximum girth of 540 cm (172 cm DBH) was found in the Kharkhari Sohan Village of Bhiwani District. The maximum group population of 100 individual trees was found in village Nangal in Rewari District, followed by 41 trees in Mauri Village of Charkhi Dadri District, and 28 trees in village Legha Bhanan in Bhiwani District. The highest number of trees in a population was found in Rewari District, followed by Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Mahendergarh, Jhajjar, Rohtak, and Nuh Districts (Tables 1,2). Results of the study also revealed that total stem density (trees with a diameter ≥10 cm) increases with diameter up to a certain threshold, specifically within the intermediate diameter class (30–34.9 cm). As a result, the diameter-density curve takes on a bell-shaped pattern (Figure 3). Diameter-wise distribution is a key indicator of forest dynamics, structural diversity, and the functioning of various forest ecosystems (Lutz et al. 2013), reflecting the mature status of the population of a species (Dar et al. 2017). This pattern may be attributed to past disturbances that potentially reduced the species’ regeneration and the removal of large trees (Nizami 2012).

The present study revealed the highest population (58.45%) in the middle-class diameter having 30–60 cm DBH. About 13.84% of the population has DBH of more than 100 cm, while 27.71% has less than 30 cm DHB (Figure 4). Most of the over-mature trees having more than 100 cm DBH are half-dried or diseased. Maximum over-mature trees were found in the district of Mahendergarh whereas the highest population of young trees was found in the district of Bhiwani, followed by Mahendergarh District and Rewari District. A population with a higher number of seedlings and saplings (new recruits) in comparison to a mature population indicates a stable population. A smaller proportion of juveniles present a declining population, considered an unstable population (Lutz et al. 2013). The DBH size distribution curve comes out almost bell-shaped (Figure 3), if the population of over-mature trees are deducted from the total population. This indicates the dominance of middle-size classes (Dar et al. 2017). This pattern may be due to anthropogenic disturbance in the past, the removal of healthy big-size trees and the effect of climate change, which resulted in episodic recruitment.

Natural regeneration was almost absent in the sites except for the village of Sayana in Mahendergarh District (Image 1). Only few seedlings and samplings in Sayana Village in Mahendergarh District, and almost no natural regeneration in other sites indicated negligible regeneration of the species. At other sites, the lower-size class of young plants was more than 20 years old. They have shown no regeneration in the recent past. The species prefer moist and deeper soils, and grow along the natural drainage lines. The natural drainage system was highly disturbed or disappeared due to anthropogenic activities in the region, which might also be responsible for its negligible natural regeneration.

 

Threat status of Terminalia coronata population

Terminalia coronata is endemic to northwestern India and currently faces severe conservation concerns. It has been listed as indeterminate globally, included in CITES Appendix I, categorized as ‘Rare’ nationally, and more recently assessed as ‘Endangered’ under the IUCN Red List (Kaushal et al. 2021) reflecting its restricted distribution, overexploitation, habitat loss, and extremely poor regeneration.

A semi-structured interview with villagers, particularly elderly residents, across the study sites in southern and southwestern Haryana revealed multiple interlinked factors contributing to the decline of T. coronata. Most large mature trees have become hollow, half-dried, and diseased due to regular heavy lopping, and have become susceptible to fungal attacks, whereas roots were exposed due to soil. Historically, indiscriminate and unsustainable harvesting for its high-quality, durable timber—used in making carts, agricultural implements, furniture, and for construction—along with frequent lopping of branches for fodder and fuelwood, led to severe overexploitation of mature trees Land-use change posed another significant threat. Recent researches (Rajendrakumar & Kalavathy 2010; Meena  2013) also reported that agricultural expansion, driven by population growth and canal irrigation development, resulted in the clearance of large tracts of wasteland—once important habitats for T. coronata—with the species now nearly absent from cultivated lands; groundwater depletion and changing rainfall patterns have exacerbated this decline. Natural regeneration remains critically poor, with extremely low seed viability (0.1–0.2%) and high proportions of empty seeds, further aggravated by insect damage, overgrazing, climate change, and biotic pressures (Saxena & Dhawan 2001; Kanther 2019; Dadhich et al. 2022). Invasion by alien plants including Parthenium hysterophorus, Lantana camara, and Xanthium strumarium further degrade the habitat. Lastly, climate change, particularly declining precipitation, and rising temperatures in the fragile arid, and semi-arid ecosystems, has altered phenological patterns with reduced seed production leading to gradual decline in existing T. coronata populations.

 

Conservation strategies

The conservation of T. coronata in Haryana requires a multifaceted, community-inclusive approach that integrates protection, propagation, and policy measures. Immediate steps should focus on safeguarding existing populations through legal protection of key habitats, prevention of land-use change in biodiversity-rich community forests, and incentivising communities, and landowners for conservation efforts. Interaction with the locals revealed that T. coronata is well conserved in the village community forests (Bani) and sacred groves protected by the local communities primarily due to religious faiths, and beliefs. Parallelly, ex situ strategies must be strengthened by developing and standardising nursery, vegetative propagation, and tissue culture techniques to overcome poor seed viability, and limited natural regeneration. Lastly, large-scale reintroduction programs should be integrated into state plantation schemes, reviving traditional planting practices near ponds, temples, and grazing areas, thereby combining cultural heritage with ecological restoration.

 

 

Conclusion

 

The distribution of Terminalia coronata in the state of Haryana was confined to only seven districts falling in the southern and southwestern regions where its occurrence exists in small patches of community forests, and sacred groves. Over the years, its population has experienced a steep decline due to excessive exploitation for timber, which has historically been prized for its strength, and durability. The overexploitation, narrow extent of distributional presence, minimal natural stands, biotic pressure, habitat loss, poor generation, slow growing habit, susceptibility to grazing, and lack of awareness among the local residents are the main driving factors for the decreasing population of this species of economic significance. Many existing mature trees show signs of decay, hollowness, and disease, while regeneration in natural habitats remain extremely poor. The species suffers from very low seed viability and high seed predation, which, combined with heavy lopping, prevents successful recruitment of seedlings. and saplings. The species faces serious threats and extinction risks in the study area. There is an urgent need for both ex situ and in situ conservation of the species to ensure their protection, conservation, and propagation as well as to bring it out of the threatened status.

 

 

Table 1. Distribution of Terminalia coronata in different districts.

Name of district

Name of locations/ village

No. of trees

No. of sites with a solitary tree

Geo-coordinates of the site

Nuh

Bissar Akberpur

1

1

N28.302579, E76.945815

Rathiwas

1

1

N28.243575, E76.871532

Total (2 sites)

2

2

 

Bhiwani

Danger

10

0

N28.3933, E75.5523

Dhab Dhani

1

1

N28.3846, E75.5250

Kairu

1

1

N28.4118, E75.5251

Legha Bhanan

28

0

N28.4132, E75.5731

Jitanwas

4

0

N28.42 12, E75.7616

Mansarbas

9

0

N28.4349, E75.5472

Kalinga

1

1

N28.8535, E76.3132

Dhani Gurjan

1

1

N28.41227, E76.51098

Kudal

13

0

N28.61559, E75.86287

Nangal

5

0

N28.536213, E75.640266

Jhumpa Kalan

4

0

N28.492037, E75.817452

Alampur

2

2

N28.792458, E75.845365

Kharkari Sohan

17

0

N28.846084, E75.932219

Dhanimahu

3

0

N28.737760, E75.953110

Chahar Khurd

10

0

N28.586316, E75.702753

Total (15 sites)

109

6

 

Charkhi Dadri

Changroad

2

0

N28.281121, E76.123303

Sanwar-Bhageswari Road

2

0

N28.4143316, E76.1931944

Bhageswari

7

0

N28.684206, E76.330160

Dudhwa

4

0

N28.28410, E76.13473

Balali

1

1

N28.506163, E76.180407

Jhojhu Kalan

3

0

N28.513453, E76.153785

Jhojhu Kalan-Java Road

2

0

N28.512821, E76.152611

Mauri

41

0

N28.31602, E76.16551

Santokhpura

11

0

N28.511648, E76.297968

Kheri Sawal

10

0

N28.560042, E76.314431

Nimli

24

0

N28.584679, E76.418903

Total (11 sites)

107

1

 

Rewari

Nangal

100

0

N28.254975, E76.492723

Kanwali

7

0

N28.311535, E76.404094

Dhahina

3

0

N28.306407, E76.373366

Siha

1

1

N28.26815, E76.406971

Luhana

1

1

N28.262377, E76.406163

Bawwa

12

0

N28.388872, E76.323138

Motla Khurd

2

0

N28.283086, E76.467445

Total (7 sites)

126

2

 

Mahen-dergarh

Zerpur

4

0

N28.325651 
E76.084061

Sayana

71

0

N28.50271
E76.201376

Pota

7

0

N28.424729
E76.229263

Kheri

18

0

N28.38012
E76.231071

Jharli

3

0

N28.3824
E76.25757

Pali

5

0

N28.32423
E76.13451

Baghot

1

1

N28.1449083 E76.274884

Dongra Ahir

1

1

N28.191936 E76.208685

Total (8 sites)

103

2

 

Jhajjar

Dubaldhan

3

0

N28.678285
E76.485047

Khanpur Khurd

11

0

N28.479334
E76.349895

Matenhail

10

0

N28.589292
E76.41828

Total (3 sites)

24

0

 

Rohtak

Pilana

4

0

N28.4157
E76.2466

Total (1 site)

4

0

 

Grand Total

47

475

11

 

 

 

Table 2. Diameter at breast height of Terminalia coronata in different districts

District

Diameter at breast height  (DBH in cm)

Total

0–10

10–20

20–30

30–40

40–50

50–60

60–70

70–80

80–90

90–100

>100

Nuh

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

2

Bhiwani

0

2

22

12

22

18

16

5

7

3

2

109

Charkhi Dadri

1

2

8

11

20

13

25

12

6

4

5

107

Rewari

0

4

11

30

40

22

12

4

1

1

1

126

M/Garh

5

34

7

9

13

10

13

6

3

1

2

103

Jhajjar

0

2

1

2

3

3

3

2

2

0

6

24

Rohtak

1

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

TOTAL

7

44

49

67

98

66

70

30

19

9

16

475

%

1.47

9.26

10.32

14.11

20.63

13.89

14.74

6.32

4.0

1.89

3.37

100

 

 

Table 3. The ownership pattern of Terminalia coronata in different districts of Haryana.

District

Ownership pattern

Panchayats

Forest

Temple

Private

Nuh

1

0

0

1

Bhiwani

76

0

32

1

Jhajjar

24

0

0

0

Rohtak

4

0

0

0

Mahendergarh

93

0

10

0

Charkhi Dadri

104

2

0

1

Rewari

121

1

4

0

Total

423

3

46

3

Percentage

89.05

0.63

9.68

0.63

 

 

 

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References

 

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