Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2026 | 18(5): 28926–28939

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9696.18.5.28926-28939

#9696 | Received 19 February 2025 | Final received 26 February 2026| Finally accepted 07 May 2026

A preliminary checklist of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India

V. Muthukrishnan ¹ , Anand Shibu ² , Vinod Sadhasivan ³ & R. Amirtha Balan ⁴

^1,2 Kanyakumari District Forest Office, Vadasery, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu 629001, India.

³ 7/1d, Vini Nivas , Moovendhar Nagar, Holy Cross College Road, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu 629004, India.

⁴ Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.

¹ avmkrish07@gmail.com (corresponding author), ² anandshibu12@gmail.com, ³ svinod@gmail.com, ⁴ amirthabalanrs13@gmail.com

Abstract: This study documents the Odonata diversity in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, covering forested regions, wetlands, reservoirs, and saltpans from September 2024 to January 2025. A total of 82 species were recorded, including 47 dragonflies and 35 damselflies. The highest diversity was observed at Mukkadal Dam, followed by Mambazhathurayar Reservoir and Kannimaranthoppu stream. In contrast, Puthalam Saltpan exhibited the lowest diversity likely due to high salinity levels. Forested regions supported the greatest species richness, possibly due to their relatively undisturbed, less polluted nature. This study contributes to the documentation of regional biodiversity and supports the Biological Diversity Act (2002) of India. The findings are expected to assist in local conservation efforts and provide insights into Odonata habitat preferences in Kanyakumari District.

Keywords: Anisoptera, Balamore, Coenagrionidae, endemic, Libellulidae, Puthalam saltpan, Theroor wetland, Western Ghats, wetland, Zygoptera.

Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publication: 26 May 2026 (online & print)

Citation: Muthukrishnan, V., A. Shibu, V. Sadhasivan & R.A. Balan (2026). A preliminary checklist of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 18(5): 28926–28939. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9696.18.5.28926-28939

Copyright: © Muthukrishnan et al. 2026. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.

Funding: Zooreach Conservation Seed Grant 2024–25 (Project ID: 24ZCSG04I).

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Author details: Muthukrishnan, V. is an independent researcher with a primary focus on biodiversity conservation and wildlife research. His work mainly emphasizes mammalian ecology, field-based biodiversity assessments, and conservation monitoring. He is skilled in conducting mammalian research using ecological survey techniques and contributes toward understanding and conserving wildlife populations and their habitats. Anand Shibu is a wildlife enthusiast with a strong passion for wildlife photography and biodiversity documentation. His interests focus on capturing and documenting wildlife diversity through visual narratives and field observations. He is also associated with local forest departments in supporting biodiversity documentation and wildlife-related conservation activities. Vinod Sadasivan is a dedicated wildlife enthusiast with a strong interest in biodiversity conservation, wildlife photography, and ecological documentation. His work focuses on biodiversity documentation and conducting wildlife awareness campaigns to promote conservation among the public. He is also associated with local forest departments in supporting wildlife monitoring and conservation-related activities. Amirtha Balan, R. is pursuing a Ph.D. at the Wildlife Institute of India, focusing on wildlife conservation. His research emphasizes herpetofaunal diversity, turtle ecology, biodiversity profiling, and ecological monitoring. He is particularly interested in understanding ecological patterns and contributing to science-based conservation strategies for threatened wildlife species and habitats.

Author contribution: Conceptualization & Study Design: Muthukrishnan, Vinod Sadasivan, Amirtha Balan; Data collection & analysis: Muthukrishnan, Anand Shibu, Amirtha Balan; Manuscript writing: Muthukrishnan, Amirtha Balan; Reviewed manuscript: Muthukrishnan, Anand Shibu, Vinod Sadasivan, Amirtha Balan R. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the Zoo Outreach Organisation for funding support through the Zooreach Conservation Seed Grant 2024–25 (Project ID: 24ZCSG04I). We extend our sincere thanks to D. Jude for his guidance, A. Vidhya for field assistance, and all others who provided valuable support for this study.

Introduction

The order Odonata, encompassing dragonflies and damselflies, is primarily associated with freshwater wetlands and adjacent landscapes. It represents one of the most ancient insect lineages, with fossil evidence indicating its origin dating back to the Permian period. The term Odonata is derived from the Greek word odontos, meaning “toothed”, referring to the characteristic dentition of their mandibles. It comprises hemimetabolous insects with a semi-aquatic life cycle (Corbet 1962; Stoks & Córdoba-Aguilar 2012). They rely on freshwater ecosystems for reproduction, with aquatic larval stages and terrestrial/aerial adult stages. Due to this dependence, odonates serve as key bioindicators of both aquatic and terrestrial habitats (Monteiro-Junior et al. 2014; Rocha-Ortega et al. 2019). Although freshwater ecosystems cover only 0.8% of Earth’s surface and account for merely 0.01% of the global water volume (Gatti 2016), they play a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity (Previsic et al. 2014; Ivković & Plant 2015) and support over 1,00,000 species (Gatti 2016).

Globally, the order Odonata comprises 6,392 extant species distributed across 46 families (Paulson et al. 2026) and is found worldwide, except in polar regions. In India, the order is represented by 506 species and 44 subspecies belonging to 157 genera, 17 families, and three suborders (Kalkman et al. 2020; Subramanian & Babu 2024; Chandran et al. 2025). Tamil Nadu comprises 147 species, of which 55 are endemic (Subramanian & Babu 2024).

Odonates, being habitat specialists, are primarily associated with primary forests, open plains, and tropical streams (Villanueva & Mohagan 2010; Koparde et al. 2014, 2015). Notably, dragonflies and damselflies exhibit differential responses to habitat modifications, with damselflies being more sensitive to microhabitat changes (Koparde 2016). Due to their ecological roles, odonates are regarded as key components of aquatic ecosystems and serve as biological indicators of environmental conditions (Clark & Samways 1996; Samways et al. 1989). Subramanian (2007) reported 178 species of odonates from the Western Ghats with 68 endemic species. Emiliyamma (2014) reported 169 species of odonates from southern Western Ghats with 66 endemic species.

Kanyakumari District, formerly part of the Travancore State before India’s independence, was historically known as South Travancore District (Menon & Padmanabha 1929) and later integrated into Tamil Nadu. While historical faunal records from Travancore exist, many lack precise locality data. This study represents one of the first dedicated surveys on Odonata diversity in Kanyakumari District in nearly a century, contributing valuable insights into the region’s unique Odonata assemblages.

Given the significance of regional biodiversity documentation for long-term conservation and management, a systematic study was conducted across varied habitats of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, southern India, from September 2024 to January 2025. The findings of this research are presented herein.

Study area

The present study was conducted across multiple sites in Kanyakumari District, encompassing both forested regions (natural plantation with rich canopy) (Kannimaranthoppu scrub forest elevation ranges 100–140 m, Mahendragiri Reserve Forest; Balamore Estate elevation ranges 400–480 m, with fragmented moist evergreen forest; Kothayar elevation ranges 200–250 m, with moist deciduous forest), Freshwater wetlands (Mambazhathurayar Reservoir located in Villukuri, with dry deciduous forest elevation 99 m; Mukkadal Dam built across the Vambaru River, with dry deciduous forest elevation 57 m; Thovalai Checkdam built across Thovalai Canal, elevation 53 m; Putheri lake receives water from a canal outlet of Pechiparai Dam, elevation 17 m; Periyakulam near the town of Manavalakurichi, elevation 10 m; Theroor wetland receives water from Thovalai Channel, elevation 32 m; Thirunanthikarai receives water source from Nandhiaaru River (Kodayar left bank canal), elevation 92 m, and Puthalam Saltpan receives water from the Manakkudy Estuary, elevation 8 m). Forests cover approximately 30% of the district, extending over 40,000 ha, situated between 8.076°–8.578° N and 77.100°–77.590° E. This survey aimed to assess Odonata richness across diverse habitat types, including forest streams (Kannimaranthoppu—KMT, Balamore Estate—BE, & Kothayar—KTF), reservoirs (Mambazhathurayar—MTY & Mukkadal dam—MD), selected wetlands (Thovalai Checkdam—TCD, Putheri lake—PL, Periyakulam—PK, Theroor wetland—TW, & Thirunanthikarai–TNK), and saltpans (Puthalam Saltpan–PSP) (Table 1; Figure 1; Image 1). The study was conducted from September 2024 to January 2025.

Materials and Methods

The Odonata survey was conducted primarily during daylight hours using the line transect & visual encounter survey method, everyday from 0600 to 1000 h, from September 2024 to January 2025. The study relied predominantly on photographic documentation rather than specimen collection, due to the Tamil Nadu Forest Department’s stringent regulations on faunal collection. This policy contrasts with those of the neighbouring states, Kerala and Karnataka, and has contributed to the scarcity of faunal records from this region of the Western Ghats.

Digital photographs were captured using a Nikon D7000 camera equipped with a 300 mm lens. Species identification was performed using available reference literature, including Subramanian (2009) and Kiran & Raju (2013).

Results

During the study period, a total of 82 Odonata species were recorded, comprising 47 dragonfly (Anisoptera) and 35 damselfly (Zygoptera) species (Table 2, Images 2–6) belonging to 13 families and 57 genera. Of the 82 species, 18 species are endemic. Species richness varied across the surveyed locations. The highest number of species was observed at Mukkadal Dam, where 37 dragonfly species and 17 damselfly species were recorded, followed by Mambazhathurayar Reservoir with 31 dragonfly species and 13 damselfly species. The Kannimaranthoppu Stream habitat also exhibited a high number of species, with 29 dragonfly species and 15 damselfly species.

In contrast, Puthalam Saltpan, a high-salinity habitat, exhibited the lowest number of species, with 15 dragonfly species and six damselfly species, as elevated salinity levels are generally unsuitable for most Odonata species, except for a few salinity-tolerant species. Further study is required to understand the species habitat preference.

Other surveyed locations recorded moderate species richness: Kothayar Twin Falls (38 species), Periyakulam (37 species), Thirunanthikarai (35 species), Theroor Wetland (33 species), Putheri Lake (31 species), Balamore Estate (30 species), and Thovalai checkdam (25 species). Survey efforts at Balamore Estate were limited to three replicates, as the region falls largely within a protected area where research activities were restricted due to lack of permission and other constraints (Figure 2).

The documented species are classified under various IUCN Red List categories, with the ‘Least Concern’ (LC) category comprising 42 species of dragonflies (Anisoptera) and 27 species of damselflies (Zygoptera). Additionally, one dragonfly Heliogomphus promelas is categorized as ‘Near Threatened’ (NT), while one damselfly Protosticta sanguinostigma falls under the ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) category. Furthermore, eight species (Gynacantha dravida, Macrogomphus wynaadicus, Hylaeothemis apicalis and Idionyx travancorensis dragonflies and Caconeura ramburi, Caconeura risi, Esme mudiensis and Protosticta rufostigma damselflies) are classified as ‘Data Deficient’ (DD), while two damselflies Vestalis submontana and Indolestes gracilis davenporti and one dragonfly Merogomphus tamaracherriensis remain ‘Not Evaluated’ (NE) (Table 2). Platycnemididae and Gomphidae have the highest number of DD and NE species, respectively, on the IUCN Red List.

Libellulidae is the most species-rich family, comprising 35 species, followed by Coenagrionoidea with 14 species, and Platycnemididae with seven species, which are considered moderate in terms of species-rich families. Several families, including Macromiidae, Platystictidae, Protostictidae, and Synthemistidae, are represented by one species each. The distribution of species richness among these families reflects differential patterns of abundance and taxonomic representation within the Odonata order across Kanyakumari District (Figure 3).

Discussion

The study on Odonata in Kanyakumari District recorded 82 species, representing about 55.78% of Tamil Nadu’s total (147 species). It notably documented 18 endemic species, making up 32.73% of the state’s known endemics (Subramanian & Babu 2024). The findings, with 47 dragonflies and 35 damselflies, surpass other regional surveys, such as the Madurai District (28 species), the Mettur Dam region in Salem (40 species), Coimbatore (69 species), and the Vellore District (30–37 species) (Muhil & Pramod 2017; Ganeswari & Rajendran 2025) establishing Kanyakumari as a biodiversity hotspot. This richness is attributed to its proximity to the Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot with 176 Odonata species, 68 of which are endemic (Subramanian 2008; Subramanian et al. 2009).

The variation in species richness across the study sites highlights the importance of habitat heterogeneity. High diversity at Mukkadal Dam and Kannimaranthoppu Stream aligns with previous studies showing that forest streams and permanent water bodies support high Odonata species richness (Muhil & Pramod 2017). These environments offer stable conditions and complex microhabitats crucial for larval development and adult territoriality (Subramanian 2005; Vignesh & Manivannan 2021). In contrast, the low species count at Puthalam Saltpan indicates Odonata’s sensitivity to high salinity, reinforcing their role as bioindicators of environmental health and water quality (Kunte 2000; Tiple 2020).

Taxonomically the Libellulidae family, with 35 species, dominates Odonata assemblages in Tamil Nadu and India (Koli et al. 2015; Tiple 2020; Ganeswari & Rajendran 2025) attributed to their shorter life cycles, adopt to a wide range of habitat (Gentry et al. 1975; Samways 1989), high dispersal capacity, and habitat adaptability (Ganeswari & Rajendran 2025). Similarly, Coenagrionidae, the second most speciose group with 14 species, also shows a similar prevalence, reflecting their tolerance for diverse wetland types and preference for areas with emergent vegetation.

The odonates documented from Kanyakumari District conservation profile features several species with specialized requirements. Most are classified as LC, but the VU damselfly Protosticta sanguinostigma and NT dragonfly Heliogomphus promelas highlight the region’s ecological importance (Muhil & Pramod 2017). Protosticta sanguinostigma thrives in specialized forest habitats, which face threats from fragmentation and land-use changes (Paray & Mir 2023; Samanta et al. 2023). Additionally, many species are categorized as DD or NE, reflecting a wider issue in Indian odonatology regarding limited taxonomic and distributional data. Members of the Gomphidae family are fast-moving insects, with some being crepuscular and many considered rare, making them difficult to detect during surveys (Tiple & Koparde 2015).

The study examined various aquatic habitats in the district but did not include forest areas, particularly within the Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary. Challenges at Balamore Estate, due to its protected status, hindered a comprehensive biodiversity census. The findings highlight the need for strict protection of Kanyakumari’s freshwater resources, as urbanization (Sánchez-Bayo & Wyckhuys 2019), pollution (Tiple et al. 2013; Tiple & Koparde 2015), and wetland loss threaten Odonata species, emphasizing the importance of conserving both common and endangered taxa.

Table 1. List of study site across Kanyakumari District.

	Study site	Elevation (m)	Location
1	Kannimaranthoppu, Mahendragiri Reserve Forest	100–140	08.348° N, 77.514° E
2	Balamore Estate	400–480	08.458° N, 77.392° E
3	Kothayar Twin Falls	200–250	08.491° N, 77.327° E
4	Mambazhathurayar Reservoir, Villukuri	99	08.233° N, 77.378° E
5	Mukkadal Dam	57	08.280° N, 77.409° E
6	Thovalai Checkdam	53	08.235° N, 77.505° E
7	Putheri Lake	17	08.205° N, 77.426° E
8	Periyakulam, Manavalakurichi	10	08.170° N, 77.306° E
9	Theroor Wetland, Thovalai Channel	32	08.178° N, 77.461° E
10	Thirunanthikarai	92	08.397° N, 77.296° E
11	Puthalam Saltpan	8	08.112° N, 77.471° E

Table 2. A checklist of dragonflies and damselflies of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu.

IUCN—International Union for Conservation of Nature | LC-—Least Concern | DD—Data Deficient | NT—Near Threatened | VU—Vulnerable | NE—Not Evaluated | BE—Balamore Estate | KMT—Kannimaranthoppu | KTF—Kothayar Twin Falls | MTY—Mambazhathurayar Reservoir | MD—Mukkadal Dam | PK—Periyakulam | PS—Puthalam Saltpan | PL— utheri Lake | TW—Theroor Wetland | TNK—Thirunanthikarai | TCD—Thovalai Check Dam | “✔”— Presence | “—”—Absence. * Endemic Taxa.

	Scientific name	Common name	IUCN Red List status	BE	KMT	KTF	MTY	MD	PK	PS	PL	TW	TNK	TCD
	Suborder Anisoptera Selys, 1854
	Family: Aeshnidae Leach, 1815
1	Anax guttatus (Burmeister, 1839)	Lesser Green Emperor	LC	-	—	—	—	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—
2	Anax immaculifrons Rambur, 1842	Magnificient Emperor	LC	✔	—	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	✔
3	Anax indicus Lieftinck, 1942	Elephant Emperor	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	—	—
4	Gynacantha dravida Lieftinck, 1960	Indian Duskhawker	DD	—	—	—	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
	Family: Gomphidae Rambur, 1842
5	Heliogomphus promelas (Selys, 1873)*	Indian Lyrtail	NT	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
6	Ictinogomphus rapax (Rambur, 1842)	Indian Common Clubtail	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	✔	✔	—
7	Macrogomphus wynaadicus Fraser, 1924*	Wyanad Bowtail	DD	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
8	Merogomphus tamaracherriensis Fraser, 1931*	Malabar Long-legged Clubtail	NE	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
9	Microgomphus souteri Fraser, 1924*	Pygmy Clubtail	LC	—	—	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—
10	Paragomphus lineatus (Selys, 1850)	Lined Hooktail	LC	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Family: Libellulidae Leach, 1815
11	Acisoma panorpoides Rambur, 1842	Trumpet-Tail	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	—	✔
12	Aethriamanta brevipennis (Rambur, 1842)	Scarlet Marsh Hawk	LC	—	—	—	✔	—	✔	—	✔	—	—	✔
13	Brachydiplax chalybea Brauer, 1868	Rufous-backed Marsh Hawk	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	—	—	—
14	Brachydiplax sobrina (Rambur, 1842)	Little Blue Marsh Hawk	LC	—	—	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	—	✔
15	Brachythemis contaminata (Fabricius, 1793)	Ditch Jewel	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
16	Bradinopyga geminata (Rambur, 1842)	Granite Ghost	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	✔
17	Cratilla lineata (Brauer, 1878)	Emerald-Banded Skimmer	LC	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
18	Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1770)	Scarlet Skimmer	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—
19	Diplacodes trivialis (Rambur, 1842)	Blue Ground Skimmer	LC	—	—	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—
20	Hydrobasileus croceus (Brauer, 1867)	Amber-winged Marsh Glider	LC	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	—	—
21	Hylaeothemis apicalis Fraser, 1926*	Blue Hawklet	DD	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
22	Indothemis carnatica (Fabricius, 1798)	Light-tipped Demon	LC	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
23	Lathrecista asiatica (Fabricius, 1798)	Asiatic Blood-Tail	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
24	Macrodiplax cora (Brauer, 1867)	Estuarine Skimmer	LC	—	—	—	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—
25	Neurothemis tullia (Drury, 1773)	Pied Paddy Skimmer	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—
26	Onychothemis testacea Laidlaw, 1902	River Hawker	LC	—	—	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
27	Orthetrum chrysis (Selys, 1891)	Brown-Backed Marsh Hawk	LC	—	✔	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	✔
28	Orthetrum glaucum (Brauer, 1865)	Blue Marsh Hawk	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
29	Orthetrum luzonicum (Brauer, 1868)	Tri-coloured Marsh Hawk	LC	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	✔	✔
30	Orthetrum pruinosum (Burmeister, 1839)	Crimson-tailed Marsh	LC	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	✔
31	Orthetrum sabina (Drury, 1770)	Green Marsh Hawk	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
32	Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1798)	Wandering Glider	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
33	Potamarcha congener (Rambur, 1842)	Yellow-tailed Ashy Skimmer	LC	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	✔	—	✔
34	Rhodothemis rufa (Rambur, 1842)	Rufous Marsh Glider	LC	—	—	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	—	—
35	Rhyothemis variegata (Linnaeus, 1763)	Common Picturewing	LC	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
36	Tetrathemis platyptera Selys, 1878	Pygmy Skimmer	LC	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
37	Tholymis tillarga (Fabricius, 1798)	Coral-tailed Cloudwing	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—
38	Tramea basilaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)	Red Marsh Trotter	LC	✔	✔	—	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	✔
39	Tramea limbata (Desjardins, 1832)	Black Marsh Trotter	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
40	Trithemis aurora (Burmeister, 1839)	Crimson Marsh Glider	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
41	Trithemis festiva (Rambur, 1842)	Black Stream Glider	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	✔
42	Trithemis pallidinervis (Kirby, 1889)	Long-legged Marsh Glider	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	✔
43	Urothemis signata (Rambur, 1842)	Greater Crimson Glider	LC	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	✔
44	Zygonyx iris Selys, 1869	Emerald Cascader	LC	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
45	Zyxomma petiolatum Rambur, 1842	Long-tailed Dusk Darter	LC	—	—	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	—	—
	Family: Macromiidae Needham, 1903
46	Epophthalmia vittata Burmeister, 1839	Common Torrent Hawk	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	✔	✔	—
	Family: Synthemistidae Tillyard, 1911
47	Idionyx travancorensis Fraser, 1931	-	DD	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Zygoptera Selys, 1854
	Family: Chlorocyphidae Cowley, 1937
48	Heliocypha bisignata (Hagen in Selys, 1853)*	Stream Ruby	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
49	Libellago indica (Fraser, 1928)*	Southern Heliodor	LC	—	—	—	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
	Family: Calopterygidae Selys, 1850
50	Neurobasis chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Stream Glory	LC	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	✔	—
51	Vestalis apicalis Selys, 1873	Black-tipped Forest Glory	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
52	Vestalis gracilis (Rambur, 1842)	Clear-winged Forest Glory	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
53	Vestalis submontana Fraser, 1934*	Montane Forest Glory	NE	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Family: Coenagrionidae Kirby, 1890
54	Aciagrion approximans (Selys, 1876)	Indian Violet Dartlet	LC	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
55	Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur, 1842)	Pygmy Dartlet	LC	—	—	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
56	Agriocnemis splendidissima Laidlaw, 1919	Splendid Dartlet	LC	—	—	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—
57	Ceriagrion cerinorubellum (Brauer, 1865)	Orange-tailed Marsh Dart	LC	—	—	—	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—
58	Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius, 1798)	Coromandel Marsh Dart	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔
59	Ischnura rubilio Selys, 1876	Western Golden Dartlet	LC	—	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	✔	—	—	—
60	Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842)	Senegal Golden Dartlet	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	✔
61	Paracercion malayanum (Selys, 1876)	Malayan Lily-Squatter	LC	—	—	—	—	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—
62	Pseudagrion decorum (Rambur, 1842)	Three-lined Sprite	LC	—	✔	—	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—
63	Pseudagrion indicum Fraser, 1924*	Yellow-striped Sprite	LC	—	—	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—
64	Pseudagrion microcephalum (Rambur, 1842)	Blue Sprite	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—
65	Pseudagrion rubriceps Selys, 1876	Saffron-faced Blue Sprite	LC	—	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	✔
	Family: Euphaeidae Yakobson & Bainchi, 1905
66	Dysphaea ethela Fraser, 1924*	Black Torrent Dart	LC	✔	—	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—
67	Euphaea fraseri (Laidlaw, 1920*)	Malabar Torrent Dart	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
	Family: Lestidae Calvert, 1907
68	Indolestes gracilis davenporti Fraser, 1930*	Davenport's False Spreadwing	NE	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
69	Lestes concinnus Hagen in Selys, 1862	Dusky Spreadwing	LC	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
70	Lestes elatus Hagen in Selys, 1862	Emerald Spreadwing	LC	—	—	—	—	✔	—	✔	—	✔	—	✔
71	Lestes praemorsus Hagen in Selys, 1862	Scalloped Spreadwing	LC	—	—	—	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Family: Coenagrionoidea Kirby, 1890
72	Agriocnemis pieris Laidlaw, 1919	Indian White Dartlet	LC	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	✔	—
	Family: Platycnemididae Yakobson & Bainchi, 1907
73	Copera marginipes (Rambur, 1842)	Yellow Bush Dart	LC	—	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	✔	✔	✔	—
74	Caconeura ramburi (Fraser, 1922)*	Indian Blue Bambootail	DD	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
75	Caconeura risi (Fraser, 1922)*	Wayanad Bambootail	DD	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	✔	—
76	Copera vittata Selys, 1863	Blue Bush Dart	LC	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	✔	—
77	Esme mudiensis Fraser, 1931*	Travancore Bambootail	DD	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
78	Prodasineura verticalis (Selys, 1860)	Red-striped Black Threadtail	LC	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	—	—	—	—	✔	—
79	Onychargia atrocyana (Selys, 1865)	Black Marsh Dart	LC	—	—	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Family: Platystictidae Kennedy, 1920
80	Protosticta gravelyi Laidlaw, 1915*	Pied Shadow Damsel	LC	✔	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	✔	—
81	Protosticta rufostigma Kimmins, 1958*	-	DD	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
82	Protosticta sanguinostigma Fraser, 1922*	Red Spot Reedtail	VU	—	—	✔	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

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