Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2024 | 16(4): 25094–25100
ISSN 0974-7907
(Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8816.16.4.25094-25100
#8816 | Received 04
November 2023 | Final received 25 January 2024 | Finally accepted 22 April 2024
New distribution record of fungi Mycena chlorophos
(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc.
(Mycenaceae) from the Konkan region of Maharashtra,
India
Yogesh Koli
1, Umesh Pawar 2, Mangesh Mangaonkar 3, Pravin Sawant 4 &
Gurunath Kadam 5
1,4,5 Sant Rawool
Maharaj Mahavidyalaya, Kudal,
Maharashtra, 416520, India.
2 PG Department of Botany, S. P. K.
College, Sawantwadi, Maharashtra, 416510, India.
3 Hodawade, Parabwadi,
Vengurla, Maharashtra, 416529, India.
1 dryjkoli@gmail.com (corresponding
author), 2 ur99.pawar@gmail.com, 3 mangeshmangaonkar36@gmail.com,
4 pravinsawant2615@gmail.com, 5
gurukadam7@gmail.com
Abstract: Bioluminescence is the generation
and emission of light by living things. In the present investigation, Mycena chorophos is reported
for the first time from the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. We observed
tiny, luminous clumps of Mycena chlorophos on a rotten bamboo substratum. The fungi
grow in clusters of one or more individuals.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Bioluminescence,
chemiluminescence, emission, fungi, Konkan, Mycena chlorophos, luciferin.
Editor: Kiran Ranadive, Annasaheb
Magar Mahavidyalaya, Maharashtra, India. Date
of publication: 26 April 2024 (online & print)
Citation: Koli, Y., U. Pawar, M. Mangaonkar, P. Sawant & G. Kadam (2024). New
distribution record of fungi Mycena chlorophos (Berk. & M.A.Curtis)
Sacc. (Mycenaceae) from the
Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 16(4): 25094–25100. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8816.16.4.25094-25100
Copyright: © Koli et al. 2024. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and
distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the
author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: Self-funded.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the
principal, Sant Rawool Maharaj College, Kudal for providing the necessary facilities for this
research. We are thankful to Mr. Akshay Dalvi for his
valuable help in creating the QGIS map. We are grateful to Mr. Tejas Sawant, Miss. Mayuri Chavan, Mr. Faiyz
Talikot for their kind help during the fieldwork.
Mycologists have always been
amazed by the fascinating diversity and evolution of bioluminescent fungi.
Bioluminescence is the generation and emission of light by living things. It is
a type of chemiluminescence. Many marine animals and invertebrates (Amaral et
al. 2016), as well as certain fungi (Aravindakshan et
al. 2012), microorganisms (Balachandar et al. 2010)
and terrestrial arthropods (like fireflies) (Barua et
al. 2007) exhibit bioluminescence (Chatragadda 2020).
A complex compound such as luciferin is converted to light energy through
oxidation under the action of luciferase which acts as a catalytic enzyme
(Pandey & Sharon 2017). A full
description of a biochemical process that produces bioluminescence in fungi has
been published (Kotlobay et al. 2018).
Bioluminescence is recorded
across 17 phyla and more than 700 genera, both in marine and terrestrial
environments (Lee 2015). A new distribution record of Roridomyces,
a bioluminescent fungus has been recorded from Namdapha
National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, India (Duta et al. 2023). Desjardin et al.
(2008) in their review noted 64 luminescent species. Scientists have recognized
a total of 109 luminescent fungi, which can be classified into four molecular
lineages (Chew et al. 2015; Mihail 2015; Cortes-Perez
et al. 2019; Chang et al. 2020; Karunarathna et al.
2020): 12 in the Omphalotus lineage, 10 in the
Armillaria lineage, 85 in the Mycenoid lineage
(mostly Mycenaceae), and two in the Lucentipes lineage.
Konkan, a biodiversity region in
the Western Ghats, is home to a wide range of fungal species, yet there is
still a dearth of information about bioluminescent fungi. In India, over the
past few years, there have been a few reports on bioluminescence from fungi
such as Nothopanus eugrammus
and Omphalotus olearius
(Vrinda et al. 1999), followed by a unique taxon from
Kerala, Mycena deeptha
(Aravindakshan & Manimohan
2014) Mycena chlorophos
(Arya et al. 2021) & Armillaria mellea (Patil & Yadav 2022). In India there are 54 species of Mycena species reported in Table 1 and some
bioluminescent fungi from mushroom families reported in Table 2. In this article, we report the new
distribution of Mycena chlorophos
(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc.
(Agaricales, Mycenaceae)
from Hodavade 15.866° N, 73.725° E (Image 1; Habitat)
which is located in Tehsil Vengurla from Sindhudurg
District a Konkan region of Maharashtra.
As we conducted a nocturnal
survey on 22 July 2023, at 2010 h, for a study on nocturnal animals, we
opportunistically discovered a small glowing clump of Mycena
chlorophos on a rotten bamboo substratum (Image
2). We noted down the observable
morphological characters and photographs were taken under both light and dark
conditions (Image 3; Habit).
Field photographs of specimens
were taken by Canon 760D with a 100 mm macro lens and Nikon 7500D with Tamron
90 mm lens. The fungus was identified based on the articles available (Moser
1977; Kushwaha & Hajirnis 2016; Arya et al. 2021)
and also record cited on www.indexfungorum.org. Mycena
chlorophos (Berk. & M.A.Curtis)
Sacc., Syll. Fung. (Abellini)
5: 301 (1887) Figs 1–2 Index Fungorum number: IF147895; Faces of fungi number: FoF10625. The
fungi grow in clusters of one or more individuals. Early on, the developing
body, or pileus, is conical; as it matures, it becomes more rounded. Gills
cover the hymenium.
Table 1. Mycena
species recorded from state/regions of India.
|
|
Species |
State/ Region |
Author & Year |
|
1 |
Mycena abietina Maas Geest. |
Kashmir |
Maas (1992d) |
|
2 |
Mycena acrocephala Maas Geest. & E. Horak. |
Sikkim |
Maas & Horak
(1993) |
|
3 |
Mycena aetites (Fr.) Quél. |
Jammu & Kashmir |
Watling & Gregory (1980) |
|
4 |
Mycena alcalina (Fr.) P. Kumm. |
Maharashtra |
Sathe & Sasangan (1977) |
|
5 |
Mycena alphitophora (Berk.) Sacc. |
Kerala |
Manimohan & Leelavathy (1989) |
|
6 |
Mycena arata (Berk.) Sacc. |
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1850) |
|
7 |
Mycena atrocyanea (Batsch) Gillet. |
Jammu & Kashmir |
Watling & Gregory (1980) |
|
8 |
Mycena auroricolor (Berk. & Broome) Petch |
Kerala |
Manimohan et al. (1988) |
|
9 |
Mycena avenacea (Fr.) Quél. |
Maharashtra |
Trivedi (1972) |
|
10 |
Mycena babruka Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2013b) |
|
11 |
Mycena bicrenata (Berk.) Sacc. |
West Bengal |
Berkeley (1850) |
|
12 |
Mycena colligata (Berk.) Sacc. |
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1852) |
|
13 |
Mycena conocephala Henn. |
Uttar Pradesh |
Hennings (1901) |
|
14 |
Mycena coalita Maas Geest. |
Uttar Pradesh |
Maas (1992d) |
|
15 |
Mycena deeptha Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan et al. (2012) |
|
16 |
Mycena dentosa (Berk.) Sacc. |
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1852) |
|
17 |
Mycena discors (Berk.) Sacc. |
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1852) |
|
18 |
Mycena elegantula Peck. |
Tamil Nadu |
Natarajan & Ravin |
|
19 |
Mycena epipterygia (Scop.) Gray |
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1852) |
|
20 |
Mycena flavominiata (Berk.) Sacc. |
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1852) |
|
21 |
Mycena galericulata (Scop.) Gray. |
West Bengal |
Berkeley (1852) |
|
22 |
Mycena galopus (Pers.) P. Kumm. |
Maharashtra |
Thite & Patil (1983) |
|
23 |
Mycena haematopus (Pers.) P. Kumm. |
Kerala |
Bhavanidevi & Nair (1983) |
|
24 |
Mycena himalayana Rawla |
North Western Himalayas |
Rawla & Aarya (1991) |
|
25 |
Mycena inclinata (Fr.) Quél. |
Himachal Pradesh |
Das (2010) |
|
26 |
Mycena indica Sarwal & Rawla |
Himachal Pradesh |
Sarwal & Rawla (1983) |
|
27 |
Mycena jatila Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimoham (2014) |
|
28 |
Mycena juncicola (Fr.) Gillet |
Mumbai, Maharashtra |
Sathe & Deshpande
(1982) |
|
29 |
Mycena lohitha Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2013a) |
|
30 |
Mycena lohwagii Singer |
Tamil Nadu |
Natarajan & Ravindran |
|
31 |
Mycena lomamaya Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Mania (2014) |
|
32 |
Mycena lomavritha Manim. |
Kerala |
Manimohan & Leelavathy (1988) |
|
33 |
Mycena indica Manim. & Leelav. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimoham (2014) |
|
34 |
Mycena macrothela (Berk.) Sacc. |
West Bengal |
Berkeley (1852) |
|
35 |
Mycena manipularis
(Berk.) Sacc. |
Himalaya |
Berkeley (1850) |
|
36 |
Mycena mridula Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2013) |
|
37 |
Mycena metata (Secr. ex Fr.) P. Kumm. |
Uttar Pradesh |
Hennings (1901) |
|
38 |
Mycena mridula Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2013) |
|
39 |
Mycena myriadea (Berk.) Sacc. |
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1850) |
|
40 |
Mycena pelava Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2014) |
|
41 |
Mycena prasia (Berk.) Sacc.
|
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1850) |
|
42 |
Mycena profusa Manim. & Leelav. |
Kerala |
Manimohan & Leelavathy (1988a) |
|
43 |
Mycena puberula (Berk.) Sacc. |
Sikkim |
Berkeley (1850) |
|
44 |
Mycena pura (Pers.) P. Kumm. |
Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala |
Berkeley (1852); Maas (1992d); Mohanan (2011) |
|
45 |
Mycena rasada Aravind. & Manimohan. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2013) |
|
46 |
Mycena rufopicta (Berk.) Sacc. |
West Bengal: |
Berkeley (1850 |
|
47 |
Mycena russulina (Berk.) Sacc. |
West Bengal: |
Berkeley (1850 |
|
48 |
Mycena saloma Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2011) |
|
49 |
Mycena saparna Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2012) |
|
50 |
Mycena snigdha Aravind. & Manim. |
Kerala |
Aravindakshan & Manimohan (2013) |
|
51 |
Mycena speirea (Fr.) Gillet. |
Tamil Nadu |
Nataraj (1982) |
|
52 |
Mycena stylobates (Pers.) P. Kumm. |
Maharashtra |
Sathe & Deshpande
(1982) |
|
53 |
Mycena subcaerulea (Peck) Sacc. |
Pune, Maharashtra |
Sathe & Deshpande
(1982) |
|
54 |
Mycena xanthophylla (Berk.) Sacc. |
West Bengal |
Berkeley (1850) |
Table 2. Bioluminescent fungi
from the mushroom family.
|
Name of the species |
Family |
Reference |
|
Roridomyces phyllostachydis |
Mycenaceae |
Karunarathna et al. 2020 |
|
Mycena galopus (Pers.: Fr.) P.Kumm. |
Mycenaceae |
Desjardin et al. 2016 |
|
Mycena lucentipes Desjardin, Capelari &
Stevani |
Mycenaceae |
Bechara 2015 |
|
Mycena rosea Gramberg |
Mycenaceae |
Chew et al. 2014 |
|
Mycena chlorophos (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc. |
Mycenaceae |
Kenichi et al. 2011 |
|
Mycena luxaeterna |
Mycenaceae |
Desjardin et al. 2010 |
|
Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kummer |
Physalacriaceae |
Mihail 2015 |
|
Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer |
Physalacriaceae |
Desjardin et al. 2008 |
|
Omphalotus nidiformis (Berk.) O.K.Mill. |
Marasmiaceae |
Weinstein et al. 2016 |
|
Neonothopanus nambi (Speg.) R.H.Peterson
& Krisai, Persoonia |
Marasmiaceae |
Bondar et al. 2011 |
|
Neonothopanus gardneri (Berk. Capelari,
Desjardin, B.A.Perry, T.Asai
& Stevani) |
Marasmiaceae |
Capelari et al. 2011 |
|
Gerronema viridilucens (Desjardin, Capelari
& Stevani) |
Marasmiaceae |
Mendes et al. 2008 |
|
Nothopanus eugrammus (Mont.) Singer |
Marasmiaceae |
Vrinda et al. 1999 |
|
Omphalotus olearius (DC ex Fr.) Singer |
Marasmiaceae |
Vrinda et al. 1999 |
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