Journal of Threatened
Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2024 | 16(4): 25101–25102
ISSN 0974-7907
(Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8769.16.4.25101-25102
#8769 | Received 06 October 2023 | Final received 05 February 2024 |
Finally accepted 27 March 2024
Potential first record of
parrotfish Scarus zufar
(Randall & Hoover, 1995) (Actinopterygii: Labriformes:
Scaridae) from Indian waters, at Netrani Island, Karnataka, India
Farai Divan-Patel 1,
Abhishek Jamalabad 2, Venkatesh Charloo 3 &
Jeremy Josh 4
1,2 The Habitats Trust, Block A,
Sector 3, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
3,4 Coastal Impact, SH1, Mother Agnes
Field View, Santarxette, Aldona,
Goa 403508, India.
1 faraipatel@gmail.com
(corresponding author), 2 abhishek.j@thehabitatstrust.org, 3 barracuda_india@yahoo.com,
Editor: R. Ravinesh,
University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India. Date of publication:
26 April 2024 (online & print)
Citation:
Divan-Patel, F.D., A. Jamalabad, V. Charloo & J. Josh (2024). Potential
first record of parrotfish Scarus zufar (Randall & Hoover, 1995) (Actinopterygii: Labriformes: Scaridae) from
Indian waters, at Netrani Island, Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 16(4): 25101–25102. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8769.16.4.25101-25102
Copyright: © Divan-Patel et al. 2024. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License. JoTT
allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any
medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of
publication.
Funding: These observations were made under a self funded project by The Habitats Trust.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge the
dive operators and boatmen that made these surveys possible as well as the researchers
who assisted in identification including Dr Rohan Arthur, Dr.
Vardhan Patankar and Wenzel Pinto.
Parrotfish are a diverse group of
largely coral reef, rocky reef or seagrass dependent fish (Abu-Taweel et al. 2023). Taxonomically, they are placed within
the subfamily Scarinae in the family Labridae, which also includes the wrasses (Westneat & Alfaro 2005). Members of the genus Scarus comprise 52 living species (Parenti &
Randall 2011) while Nair & Kumar (2015) have listed 10 species from the
genus from Indian waters. Parrotfish are functionally important species on
coral reefs, due to their role as both grazers and bioeroders (Mumby 2009). In this note, we record the new occurrence of Scarus zufar (Randall
& Hoover, 1995) from Indian waters.
Scuba surveys were conducted in
March and April of 2023 at Netrani Island, a small
(0.26 km2) rocky island 18 km from the town of Murudeshwar
in the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka, India. The reefs around the island
are predominantly rocky with encrustations of coral, but a few areas harbour complex coral growth with large colonies of Porites. We
surveyed six sites around the island at a depth range between 8 m and 15 m. We
observed 15 individuals of the species of interest in our 32, 50 x 5 m
transects across the sites.
We were unable to collect a specimen, so we
used images to identify the species. We conclude that this parrotfish is likely
S. zufar owing to its colouration
and morphological characteristics, which based on the original description by
Randall & Hoover (1995) include: a yellow patch at the base of the tail and
a reddish pectoral fin in adult individuals; truncated caudal fin with produced
lobes; a green band running from the lower lip and chin extending to and
surrounding the eye and the turquoise blue dorsal fin margin (Image 1). These
characteristics are not seen in other parrotfish, making it highly likely that
the observed specimen was S. zufar. To confirm
this identity of the species, a specimen would have to be collected.
Scarus zufar (Randall & Hoover,
1995) was originally described from the coast of Oman and, for two decades, was
thought to be endemic to this area of the Arabian Sea. It belongs to a clade
that includes the wide-ranging Scarus psittacus and S. russelli
as well as the more restricted S. collana (Choat et al. 2012). The species was later recorded in
Pakistan (Psomadakis et al. 2015) and recently in
Bangladesh (Hasan & Parvej 2020). Previous
surveys of fish diversity around Netrani did not
record the species, possibly misidentifying it as S. hoelferi,
a species restricted to the Atlantic Ocean (Zacharia et al. 2008; Thomas et al.
2011). S. zufar was also not recorded in
biodiversity surveys in other reef areas along India’s West coast, such as Malvan Marine Sanctuary (De et al. 2021) and Grande Island
(Sreekanth et al. 2015) or in the Gulf of Mannar, a
major coral area on India’s eastern coast (Ramesh et al. 2020).
The species was seen on multiple
occasions on our surveys, making its omission in previously published lists
surprising. This record shows a need for further in-depth research, and
consistent, rigorous observation of the biodiversity and ecology of the reefs
of western India.
FOR
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