Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2024 | 16(1): 24503–24528
ISSN 0974-7907
(Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8636.16.1.24503-24528
#8636 | Received 19
July 2023 | Final received 31 October 2023 | Finally accepted 01 December 2023
Checklist of hawkmoths
(Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Sphingidae) in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Trang Q. Le 1 & Lien V. Vu 2
1, 2 Graduate University of Science
and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet
Str., Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
2 Vietnam National Museum of
Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc. Viet Str.,
Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
1 quynhtrang.k51a@gmail.com, 2
vulien@gmail.com (corresponding author)
Editor: Jatishwor
Singh Irungbam, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Date of
publication: 26 January 2024 (online & print)
Citation: Le, T.Q. & L.V. Vu (2024). Checklist of
hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Sphingidae) in the Central Highlands
of Vietnam. Journal
of Threatened Taxa 16(1): 24503–24528. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8636.16.1.24503-24528
Copyright: © Le & Vu 2024. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License. JoTT allows unrestricted use,
reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing
adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: The Master, PhD Scholarship Programme of Vingroup
Innovation Foundation (VINIF), code [VINIF. 2022. TS134]; the VIETBIO project
and the grant (NCVCC33.01/24-25) from the Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Author details: T.Q. Le: a PhD student on Sphingidae fauna in Vietnam at the Graduate
University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology. L.V. Vu:
associate professor at the Graduate University of Science and
Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, and a Deputy General
Director of the Vietnam National Museum of Nature, supervisor of the first
author.
Author contributions: T.Q. Le conceived the concept of the work, conducted
the fieldwork, and wrote the manuscript. L.V. Vu collected some specimens,
revised and edited the work, and prepared the Map of Vietnam showing the
location of Central Highlands.
Acknowledgements: [Le Quynh Trang] was funded by
the Master, PhD Scholarship Programme of Vingroup Innovation Foundation
(VINIF), code [VINIF.2022.TS134]. Thanks to the VIETBIO project [Innovative
approaches to biodiversity discovery and characterisation in Vietnam] for supporting
us in conducting field surveys. Thanks to the grant (NCVCC33.01/24-25) from the
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
Abstract: Study on hawkmoths (Sphingidae
family) in the Central Highlands of Vietnam (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak
Nong, and Lam Dong provinces) was carried out during the years 2016–2022. Light
traps and butterfly nets were used to collect specimens of the Sphingidae
family in the night and day times. An update checklist of Sphingidae was based
on collected specimens in the studied area and combine the review data.
Totally, 113 Sphingidae species from the Central Highlands of Vietnam are
recorded. Among them, 78 species are recorded from collected specimens and 35
species without collected specimens are compiled from the literatures.
Addition, 14 species are herein added to the known list, including one very
rare species, Eurypteryx geoffreyi Cadiou & Kitching, 1990, and two
endemic species, Griseosphinx marchandi Cadiou, 1996 and Callambulyx
schintlmeisteri Brechlin, 1997.
Keywords: Endemic species, Eurypteryx,
Griseosphinx, light trap, national park, rare species, review,
specimens, updated list.
INTRODUCTION
The family Sphingidae, commonly
known as hawkmoths, consists of more than 1,700 species of small to huge moths
(wingspans ranging 25–200 mm) that are found worldwide except for Antarctica
(Kitching et al. 2018). Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012) reported 174 hawkmoth
species from Vietnam, of which 91 were recorded from the Central Highlands. The
Central Highlands includes five provinces, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong,
and Lam Dong (Figure 1), and is topographically dominated by the Annamese
Mountains (Truong Son Ranges). The World Wide Fund for Nature has highlighted the
rainforests on the northern and southern Truong Son Ranges as global ecoregions
that have unique species, communities, and geographical conditions, with
globally outstanding biodiversity (Olson et al. 2001)
The moths of the Central Highlands region have
not been extensively studied, with very few publications mentioning Sphingidae.
Hoang et al. (2011) reported 259 species of Lepidoptera belonging to 27
families, including 22 species and subspecies of Sphingidae, from a survey
along the Ho Chi Minh trail through four provinces in the Central Highlands
(Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, and Dak Nong). In this paper, the available data on
the geographic distributions and taxonomy of the Sphingidae from the Central
Highlands of Vietnam was reviewed. Field
surveys were undertaken to add to these data and combine the review data with
the field data to provide an updated checklist.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study area
The Central Highlands extend from
the northern borders of Quang Nam province to the southern borders of Gia Lai
province. The climate is monsoon tropical with a warm winter, a rainy summer,
and a very high annual level of precipitation (3,500–4,500 mm). Two main
vegetation types are found: evergreen forest at low and medium altitudes and
evergreen mountain forest (1,000–2,500 m) on silicate soils. Surveys
were undertaken in the National Parks (NP), Nature Reserves (NR), and
forests in four provinces of the Central Highlands region (Kon Tum, Gia
Lai, Dak Nong, and Lam Dong provinces) during the years 2016–2022. The
region covered by this study comprises Tu Mo Rong district in
2018, Kon Plong district in 2016 and 2019, Dak Glei district in 2019 (Kon Tum
province), Kon Ka Kinh NP in 2019, and Kon Chu Rang NR in 2016 and 2019
(Gia Lai province), Nam Nung NR in 2017 and 2020 (Dak Nong province),
Bidoup-Nui Ba NP in 2020 and 2022, and the Di Linh Plateau in 2020 (Lam
Dong province).
Methods
Specimens were collected using
light traps consisting of two 250-watt mercury-vapour lamps powered by a small
generator. The light sources were placed in front of a 200 x 300 cm white linen
sheet and, if required, protected from the rain by an umbrella. Beck &
Linsenmair (2005) showed that the abundance of specimens at light influenced by
moonlight and moonless nights produced the highest specimen counts, so to avoid
the negative effect of the moon, our collecting was carried out from a week
before the new moon until a week after. The traps were run from about half an
hour after the sunset to half an hour before the sunrise, totaling an average
sampling time of about ten hours per night. In addition, some species are
active during the daytime, so were collected using a butterfly net. Specimens
were also collected along trails in the study areas where their host plants
were flowering for one hour after sunrise and one hour before sunset. Specimens
were killed by ammonia or ethyl acetate and then dried and preserved in the
Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
Taxonomic study
Identifications were undertaken
using the taxonomic literature: Rothschild & Jordan (1903), Bell &
Scott (1937), Kitching & Spitzer (1995), Inoue et al. (1997), Kitching
& Cadiou (2000), Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012), and the Sphingidae Taxonomic
Inventory website (Kitching 2023). Higher classification and nomenclature
follow Kitching et al. (2018). For species whose external morphology is
indistinct, genitalia dissection was undertaken, following Clarke (1941) and
Robinson (1976).
The recorded global distributions
of Sphingidae were referred from literatures (Walker 1856; Holloway 1987;
Haruta 1993, 1994; Lodl 1993; Smetacek 1994, 2008; Kitching & Spitzer 1995;
Inoue et al. 1997; Kishida 1998; Mandal & Ghosh 1999; Kitching & Cadiou
2000; Pittaway & Kitching 2000; Kendrick 2002; Chandra & Rajan 2004;
Brechlin 2009; Chandra et al. 2014, 2019; Kendrick & Young 2014; Pathania
et al. 2014; Rafi et al. 2014; Ivshin & Krutov 2018; Kitching et al. 2018;
Sanyal et al. 2018; Irungbam & Irungbam 2019; Iyer & Kitching 2019;
Melichar et al. 2018; Kishida & Yano 2020; Irungbam & Fric 2021; Singh
et al. 2021; Gielis et al. 2022; Norbu et al. 2022; Kitching 2023).
RESULTS
Around 113 species belonging to
three subfamilies, comprising 11 Sphinginae, 36 Smerinthinae, and 66
Macroglossinae. We added 14 species to those reported by previous studies,
including a very rare species, Eurypteryx geoffreyi Cadiou &
Kitching, 1990, and two endemic species, Griseosphinx marchandi Cadiou,
1996 and Callambulyx schintlmeisteri Brechlin, 1997. They are indicated
in the following list by an asterisk.
Subfamily Sphinginae Latreille,
1802
Genus Acherontia [Laspeyres],
1809
1. Acherontia lachesis
(Fabricius, 1798) (Image 1.1)
Sphinx lachesis Fabricius, 1798, Supplementum
Entomologiae Systematicae: 434. Type locality: “India orientali”.
Materials: 1 male, 1 female, xii.2020, v.2022,
Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
400 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Eastern Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal,
Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Hong Kong, southern Japan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia to Papua New Guinea.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Cao
Bang, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, and
the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
2. Acherontia styx (Westwood,
1847) (Image 1.2)
Sphinx styx Westwood, 1847, The Cabinet
of Oriental Entomology: 88, pl. 42, fig. 3. Type locality: “East Indies”.
Materials: 1 male, xii.2020,
v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
400 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Iraq, Saudi Arabia
to Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Thailand,
Vietnam, and Philippines.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Lam Dong).
Genus Agrius Hübner,
[1819]
3. Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus,
1758) (Image 1.3)
Sphinx convolvuli Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae (Ed.
10), 1: 490. Type
locality: not stated [Europe].
Materials: 1 male, xii.2020,
v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
400 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Africa, southern
Europe Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Hong Kong, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, and the Pacific.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Vinh Phuc, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien
Hue, Quang Tri, and the Central Highlands (Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
Genus Megacorma Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903
4. Megacorma obliqua (Walker,
1856) (Image 1.4)
Macrosila obliqua Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 208. Type locality: Ceylon [Sri Lanka].
Materials: 2 males, v.2020, Dak
Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE,
920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Sri Lanka, India,
Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, and
Solomon Islands.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands
(Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
Genus Hyloicus Hübner,
[1819]
5. Hyloicus centrovietnama
(Brechlin, 2015)
Sphinx centrovietnama Brechlin,
2015, Entomo-Satsphingia, 8(1): 16–19. Type locality: Kon Tum, Plato Tay Nguyen, Mt. Ngoc Linh
[Vietnam].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
previously as recorded as Sphinx caligineus (Butler, 1877) by Hoang et
al. (2011).
Distribution: China, Thailand,
Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: the Central
Highlands.
Genus Meganoton Boisduval,
[1875]
6. Meganoton nyctiphanes
(Walker, 1856) (Image 1.6)
Macrosila nyctiphanes Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 209. Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh].
Materials: 2 male, 1 female,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Sri Lanka, India,
Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Andamans, Malaysia, Philippines, and Sumatra.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Thua
Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Quang Binh, the Central Highlands (Lam Dong, Dak Nong),
and Dong Nai.
Genus Cerberonoton Zolotuhin
& Ryabov, 2012
7. Cerberonoton rubescens
(Butler, 1876) (Image 1.7)
Diludia rubescens Butler, 1876,
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 623. Type locality:
[North India].
Materials: 1 male, v.2019, Kon
Tum province, Dak Glei District, 15.067oN, 107.733oE,
1,053 m, coll. V.L Vu.
Distribution: India, Thailand,
and Vietnam
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Yen
Bai, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Thua
Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai), and Dong Nai.
Genus Notonagemia
Zolotuhin & Ryabov, 2012
8. Notonagemia analis (Felder,
C. & Felder, R., 1874) (Image 1.8)
Sphinx analis Felder, C. & Felder,
R., 1874, Lepidoptera. Heft IV. Atlas der Heterocera Sphingidae-Noctuidae,
pl.78, fig. 4. Type locality: Shanghai [China].
Materials: 1 male, v.2019, Kon
Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: China, Taiwan,
Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Khanh Hoa, the Central Highlands (Kon
Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
Genus Psilogramma
Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
9. Psilogramma increta
(Walker, 1865) (Image 1.9)
Anceryx increta Walker, 1865, List of
the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
31: 36. Type locality: Shanghai [China].
Materials: 1 male, v.2022, Lam
Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE, 400
m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northern Pakistan,
throughout India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, eastern China to Korea, Hong Kong,
Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Cao Bang,
Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Thai Nguyen, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri,
Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands (Lam Dong), and Dong Nai.
10. Psilogramma discistriga (Walker,
1856) (Image 1.10)
Macrosila discistriga Walker, 1856,
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum, 8: 209 Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh].
Materials: 1 male, x.2017, Dak
Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE,
920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: throughout India,
Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Sundaland, Philippines, and Australia.
Local distribution: Cao Bang, Lao
Cai, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the
Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
Genus Dolbina Staudinger,
1887
11. Dolbina inexacta
(Walker, 1856) (Image 1.11)
Macrosila inexacta Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 208. Type locality: [N. India].
Materials: 1 male, v.2022, Lam
Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE, 400
m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Pakistan,
throughout India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan, Thailand, and
Vietnam.
Local distribution: Cao Bang, Lao
Cai, Ninh Binh, Bac Giang, Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Da Nang, and the
Central Highlands (Lam Dong).
Subfamily Smerinthinae Grote
& Robinson, 1865
Genus Ambulyx Westwood,
1847
12. Ambulyx canescens
(Walker, 1865)* (Image 2.12)
Basiana canescens Walker, 1865, List of
the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
31: 38. Type locality: Cambodia.
Materials: 1 male, v.2020, Dak Nong province,
Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE, 920
m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: China, Thailand,
Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore.
Local distribution: Quang Nam,
and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
13. Ambulyx liturata
Butler, 1875 (Image 2.13)
Ambulyx liturata Butler, 1875, Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 251. Type locality: Locality
not stated.
Materials: 1 male, x.2020, Lam Dong
province, Di Linh, 11.516oN, 108.083oE, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southern China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and
Cambodia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, and the
Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
14. Ambulyx moorei Moore,
1858 (Image 2.14)
Ambulyx moorei Moore, 1858, in Horsfield &
Moore, A catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon.
East-India Company, 1: 266. Type locality: [Indonesia,] Java [Jawa].
Materials: 1 male, v.2019, Gia
Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14.215oN, 108.283oE, 901m,
coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, China,
Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Hoa Binh, Son La, Ninh Binh, Quang Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Thua Thien
Hue, Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak
Nong), and Dong Nai.
15. Ambulyx ochracea
Butler, 1885 (Image 2.15)
Ambulyx ochracea Butler, 1885, Cistula
Entomologica, 3: 113. Type locality: Nikko [Japan].
Materials: 1 male, v.2019, Gia
Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14.215oN, 108.283oE, 901m,
coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos,
and Cambodia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Son
La, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands (Kon
Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong), and Dong Nai.
16. Ambulyx pryeri Distant,
1887 (Image 2.16)
Ambulyx pryeri Distant, 1887, Annals and
Magazine of Natural History, 20: 271. Type locality: North Borneo
[Malaysia].
Materials: 1 female, v.2020, Dak
Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE,
920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Malaysia,
Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Vinh Phuc,
Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
17. Ambulyx schauffelbergeri Bremer
& Grey, 1853* (Image 2.17)
Ambulix [sic] schauffelbergeri Bremer & Grey, 1853, in
Motschulsky (ed.), Études Entomologiques, 1: 62. Type locality: Pekin [China,
Beijing].
Materials: 1 male, v.2019, Kon
Tum province, Dak Glei District, 15.067oN, 107.733oE,
1,053m, coll. V.L Vu.
Distribution: China, Japan,
Korea, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Nghe An and
the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Dak Nong).
18. Ambulyx sericeipennis Butler,
1875 (Image 2.18)
Ambulyx sericeipennis Butler, 1875, Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 252. Type locality: Northwestern
Himalaya [India, Uttarakhand,] Masuri [Mussoorie].
Materials: 1 male, v.2016, Gia
Lai province, K’Bang District, Kon Chu Rang NR, 14.471oN, 108.574oE,
1,097 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northern Pakistan,
Nepal, Bhutan, northern India, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, Indonesia (Java), and Philippines.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Khanh Hoa, and
the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
19. Ambulyx substrigilis
Westwood, 1847 (Image 2.19)
Sphinx substrigilis Westwood, 1847, The Cabinet
of Oriental Entomology: [61], pl. 30, fig. 2. Type locality: Sylhet
[Bangladesh].
Materials: 1 male, v.2020, Dak
Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE,
920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Sri Lanka, northern
and southern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Philippines, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue,
Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
20. Ambulyx tobii (Inoue,
1976) * (Image 2.20)
Oxyambulyx sericeipennis tobii Inoue, 1976, Bulletin.
Faculty of Domestic Sciences of Otsuma Women’s University, 12: 173. Type
locality: Japan, “Nakatsugawa, Sumoto City, Awajishima” <<Shimane,
Ichibata>>.
Type locality: [♂] Japan: Nakatsugawa, Awajishima, Sumoto City.
Materials: 1 male, v.2019, Gia
Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14.215oN, 108.283oE, 901 m,
coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: China, Taiwan,
Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Vinh Phuc,
Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Dak Nong).
Genus Amplypterus Hübner,
[1819]
21. Amplypterus mansoni (Clark,
1924) (Image 3.21)
Compsogene mansoni Clark,
1924, Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 9: 17. Type
locality: Sikkim [Northeastern India].
Materials: 2 females, v.2016, Gia
Lai province, K’Bang District, Kon Chu Rang NR, 14.471oN, 108.574oE,
1097 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Thua
Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
22. Amplypterus panopus (Cramer,
1779) (Image 3.22)
Sphinx panopus Cramer,
1779, Uitlandsche Kapellen, 3: 50, pl. 224, figs A, B. Type locality:
Java [Indonesia].
Materials: 2 females, v.2020, Dak Nong
province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE,
920 m, , coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northern, western,
& northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam,
Cambodia, Laos, Sundaland, and Philippines.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Hanoi, and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
Genus Anambulyx Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903
23. Anambulyx elwesi
(Druce, 1882)
Ambulyx elwesi Druce,
1882, Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 19: 17. Type locality: Darjiling
[India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: northern Pakistan,
northern and northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southwestern China,
northern Thailand, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
Genus Barbourion Clark,
1934
24. Barbourion lemaii (Le
Moult, 1933) (Image 3.24)
Callambulyx lemaii Le Moult,
1933, Novitates Entomologicae, 3: 19, pl.1, fig. 7. Type locality: Chapa [Tonkin] (Sa
Pa: Vietnam).
Materials: 1 male, v.2016, Kon
Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Myanmar, China,
Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
Genus Callambulyx Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903
25. Callambulyx diehli
Brechlin & Kitching, 2012 (Image 3.25)
Callambulyx diehli Brechlin & Kitching, 2012, Entomo-Satsphingia,
5: 56. Type locality: Sumatra [Indonesia].
Materials: 1 male, v.2022, Lam
Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE, 700
m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Myanmar, China,
Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Indonesia (Sumatra).
Local distribution: Lang Son,
Vinh Phuc, Nghe An, and the Central Highlands (Lam Dong).
26. Callambulyx rubricosa
(Walker, 1856) (Image 3.26)
Ambulyx rubricosa Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 122. Type locality: “Hindostan”.
Materials: 2 males, v.2019, Gia Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP,
14.215oN, 108.283oE, 901 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
Local distribution: Lang Son, Cao
Bang, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue,
Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong),
Dong Nai.
27. Callambulyx schintlmeisteri
Brechlin, 1997 (Image 3.27)
Callambulyx schintlmeisteri Brechlin, 1997, Nachrichten des
Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.), 17(4): 368. Type locality: Thua Thien-Hue,
Bach-Ma National Park [Vietnam]
Materials: 1 male, xii.2020, Lam
Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE, 700
m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Vietnam
Local distribution: Ninh Binh,
Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
Genus Craspedortha Mell,
1922
28. Craspedortha porphyria (Butler,
1876) (Image 3.28)
Daphnusa porphyria Butler,
1876, Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 9: 640. Type
locality: Darjeeling [India].
Materials: 1 male, x.2020, Lam
Dong province, Di Linh, 11.516oN, 108.083oE, coll. Q.T.
Le
Distribution: India, Nepal,
China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Bac
Giang, Ninh Binh, Nghe AnQuang Binh, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central
Highlands (Lam Dong), and Dong Nai.
Genus Opistoclanis Jordan,
1929
29. Opistoclanis hawkeri
(Joicey & Talbot, 1921)
Clanis hawkeri Joicey
& Talbot, 1921, Entomologist, 54: 106. Type locality: French
Indo-China (probably Laos).
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Hoang et al. (2011).
Distribution: Thailand, Laos,
China, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lang Son,
Quang Ninh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, and the Central Highlands.
Genus Parum Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903
30. Parum colligata
(Walker, 1856)
Daphnusa colligata Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 238. Type locality: [Nothern China].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Hoang et al. (2011).
Distribution: India, Myanmar,
China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Phillipines.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Yen
Bai, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nghe
An, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands, and Dong Nai.
Genus Cypa Walker, 1865
31. Cypa decolor (Walker,
1856)* (Image 3.31)
Smerinthus decolor Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 255. Type locality: Hindostan [India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Gia Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14.215oN, 108.283oE,
901 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Myanmar,
China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines, New Guinea,
and Singapore.
Local distribution: Quang Binh,
Thua Thien Hue, the Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Dak Nong), and Binh Phuoc.
32. Cypa enodis Jordan,
1931
Cypa enodis Jordan, 1931, Novitates
Zoologicae, 36: 240. Type locality: Assam [India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Nepal, Myanamar,
China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai).
33. Cypa latericia Inoue, 1991
Cypa latericia Inoue, 1991, Tinea, 13: 132.
Type locality: Phu-Hin Rongkla
[Thailand].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Myanmar, Thailand,
and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Thua Thien
Hue and the Central Highlands.
Genus Rhodoprasina
Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
34. Rhodoprasina callantha
centrovietnama Brechlin, 2015 (Image 3.34)
Rhodoprasina callantha
centrovietnama Brechlin,
2015, Entomo-Satsphingia, 8: 27. Type locality: Quang Ngai [Vietnam].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2016, Gia Lai province, K’Bang District, Kon Chu Rang NR, 14.471oN,
108.574oE, 1,097 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Thailand, Vietnam
and Laos.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai).
Genus Smerinthulus Huwe,
1895
35. Smerinthulus perversa
bachmaensis Brechlin, 2016
Smerinthulus perversa bachmaensis Brechlin, 2016, Entomo-Satsphingia,
9: 88. Type locality: Thua Thien-Hue, Bach Ma Mts. [Vietnam].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Vietnam
Local distribution: the Central
Highlands
36. Smerinthulus baokimae
Brechlin, 2015
Smerinthulus baokimae Brechlin, 2015, Entomo-Satsphingia,
8: 5. Type locality: Da Nang, Ba Na Hills. [Vietnam].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Vietnam and Laos
Local distribution: Lao Cai and
the Central Highlands.
Genus Smerinthus Latreille,
[1802]
37. Smerinthus szechuanus (Clark,
1938)
Anambulyx szechuanus Clark,
1938, Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 17: 43. Type
locality: Sichuan [China].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: China and Vietnam
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Cao Bang, and the Central Highlands.
Genus Clanis Hübner,
[1819]
38. Clanis bilineata
(Walker, 1866)
Basiana bilineata Walker,
1866, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum, 35: 1857. Type locality: Darjeeling [India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Hoang et al. (2011).
Distribution: India, Nepal,
China, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue,
Quang Nam, the Central Highlands, and Dong Nai.
39. Clanis schwartzi
Cadiou, 1993 (Image 3.39)
Clanis schwartzi Cadiou, 1993, Lambillionea,
93: 445. Type locality: Ban Kheun [Laos].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2016, Gia Lai province, K’Bang District, Kon Chu Rang NR, 14.471oN,
108.574oE, 1,097 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: China, Thailand,
Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Quang Ninh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands
(Gia Lai).
40. Clanis undulosa gigantea
Rothschild, 1894
Clanis gigantea Rothschild,
1894, Novitates Zoologicae, 1: 96. Type locality: Assam [N India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previouslyby Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Hoa Binh, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands.
Genus Leucophlebia
Westwood, 1847
41. Leucophlebia lineata
Westwood, 1847
Leucophlebia lineata Westwood, 1847, The Cabinet
of Oriental Entomology: [46], pl. 22, fig.2. Type locality: Assam [India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by both Hoang et al. (2011) and Zolotuhin & Ryabov
(2012).
Distribution: Sri Lanka, India,
Nepal, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Hanoi, Quang Tri, the Central Highlands, and Dong Nai.
Genus Daphnusa Walker, 1856
42. Daphnusa sinocontinentalis
Brechlin, 2009 (Image 4.42)
Daphnusa sinocontinentalis Brechlin, 2009, Entomo-Satsphingia,
2: 12. Type locality: Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon NP. [Thailand].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Gia Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14.215oN, 108.283oE,
901 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Myanmar,
China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
Local distribution: Vinh Phuc,
Quang Ninh, Bac Giang, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri,
Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Dak Nong), Dong Nai.
Genus Marumba Moore, 1882
43. Marumba cristata (Butler,
1875)
Triptogon cristata Butler, 1875, Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 253. Type locality: Darling
[India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Nepal,
Bhutan, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia and Singapore.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Nghe An, and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
44. Marumba dyras (Walker,
1856) (Image 4.44)
Smerinthus dyras Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 8:
250. Type locality: Ceylon [Sri Lanka].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Sri Lanka,
northwestern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Myanmar,
China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia, and
Philippines.
Local distribution: Tuyen Quang, Lang Son, Quang
Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, the Central Highlands (Gia
Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
45. Marumba sperchius (Ménétriés,
1857) (Image 4.45)
Smerinthus sperchius Ménétriés,
1857, Classis Insectorum Ordo Lepidopterorum, 2: 137, pl. 13, fig. 5.
Type locality: [Japan].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northern Pakistan,
northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Russian Far East, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan,
Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Indonesia (Sumatra).
Local distribution: Hoa Binh, Lai
Chau, Lao Cai, Vinh Phuc, Lang Son, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands
(Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
Genus Morwennius Cassidy,
Allen & Harman, 2002
46. Morwennius decoratus
(Moore, 1872) (Image 4.46)
Smerinthus decoratus Moore,
1872, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1872: 568. Type locality: Sikkim [India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, China, Laos,
Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia (Sumatra).
Local distribution: Ninh Binh,
and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
Genus Phyllosphingia
Swinhoe, 1897
47. Phyllosphingia dissimilis
berdievi Zolotuhin & Ryabov, 2012 (Image 4.47)
Phyllosphingia dissimilis
berdievi Zolotuhin
& Ryabov, 2012, The hawkmoths of Vietnam, 2012: 201. Type locality:
Kon Tum, Kon Plong [Vietnam].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Myanmar, China,
Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, and the Central Highlands (Lam Dong)
Subfamily Macroglossinae Harris,
1839
Genus Acosmerycoides Mell,
1922
48. Acosmerycoides harterti
(Rothschild, 1895) (Image 4.48)
Ampelophaga harterti Rothschild,
1895, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 7: 299. Type locality: Assam [India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2016, Kon Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Bhutan,
Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Malaysia.
Local distribution: Lang Son,
Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang
Nam, Khanh Hoa, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong), and Dong
Nai.
Genus Ampelophaga Bremer
& Grey, 1853
49. Ampelophaga khasiana
Rothschild, 1895 (Image 4.49)
Ampelophaga khasiana Rothschild, 1895, Novitates
Zoologicae, 2: 482. Type locality: Assam [India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Kon Tum province, Dak Glei District, 15.067oN, 107.733oE,
1,053 m, coll. V.L Vu.
Distribution: India, Nepal,
Bhutan, Myanmar, China and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Cao Bang, Quang Tri, Khanh Hoa, and the Central Highlands (Kon
Tum).
50. Ampelophaga rubiginosa Bremer
& Grey, 1852* (Image 4.50)
Ampelophaga rubiginosa Bremer & Grey, 1853, in
Motschulsky (ed.), Études Entomologiques, 1: 61. Type locality: [North
China].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Afghanistan,
Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Peninsula, the Russian Far East,
China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, and Indonesia
(northern Sumatra).
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Vinh Phuc, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Lam Dong, Gia Lai).
Genus Elibia Walker, 1856
51. Elibia dolichoides
(Felder, C. & Felder, R., 1874) (Image 4.51)
Philampelus dolichoides Felder, C. & Felder, R.,
1874, Lepidoptera. Heft IV. Atlas der Heterocera Sphingidae-Noctuidae,
pl. 76, fig. 8. Type locality: Sikkim [India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Laos.
Local distribution: Cao Bang,
Vinh Phuc, Bac Giang, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, and the
Central Highlands.
52. Elibia dolichus
(Westwood, 1847) (Image 4.52)
Sphinx dolichus Westwood, 1847, The
Cabinet of Oriental Entomology: [61], pl. 30, fig. 1. Type locality: Silhet
[Bangladesh].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2016, Gia Lai province, K’Bang District, Kon Chu Rang NR, 14.471oN,
108.574oE, 1,097 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Nepal,
Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia
(Sumatra, Borneo, Java).
Local distribution: Quang Ninh,
Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, the Central Highlands (Lam Dong, Gia Lai), and
Dong Nai.
Genus Enpinanga Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903
53. Enpinanga assamensis
(Walker, 1856)* (Image 4.53)
Panacra assamensis Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 8:
160. Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Gia Lai province, K’Bang District, Kon Chu Rang NR, 14.471oN,
108.574oE, 1,097 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Bangladesh, southern China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and
Malaysia.
Local distribution: Vinh Phuc,
Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Nghe An, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
54. Enpinanga borneensis
(Butler, 1879)
Angonyx borneensis Butler,
1879, Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 12: 261. Type
locality: [Borneo].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Thailand, Vietnam,
Malaysia, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo, Java).
Local distribution: the Central
Highlands.
Genus Acosmeryx Boisduval,
[1875]
55. Acosmeryx anceus
subdentata Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 (Image 5.55)
Acosmeryx anceus subdentata Rothschild & Jordan, 1903, Novitates
Zoologicae, 9: 528. Type locality: [India, Cherrapunji, Bhutan, Indonesia].
Materials examined: 2 males,
vi.2019, Kon Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,133 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Nepal,
Bhutan, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang
Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam
Dong, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
56. Acosmeryx castanea
Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Acosmeryx castanea Rothschild & Jordan, 1903, Novitates
Zoologicae, 9: 527. Type locality: Yokohama [Japan].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: China, Taiwan,
Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Ninh Binh,
Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum).
57. Acosmeryx naga (Moore,
[1858]) (Image 5.57)
Philampelus naga Moore, 1858 in Horsfield
& Moore, A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the
Hon. East-India Company, 1: 271. Type locality: Darjeeling [India,
Darling].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Nepal,
Bhutan, Russian Far East, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, and
Malaysia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Khanh Hoa, and the
Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong).
58. Acosmeryx omissa
Rothschild & Jordan, 1903* (Image 5.58)
Acosmeryx omissa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903, Novitates
Zoologicae, 9: 530. Type locality: [Bhutan].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Kon Tum province, Dak Glei District, 15.067oN, 107.733oE,
1,053 m, coll. V.L Vu.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, northern Thailand, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Ninh
Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Dak Nong).
59. Acosmeryx pseudomissa
Mell, 1922 (Image 5.59)
Acosmeryx pseudomissa Mell, 1922, Beiträge zur
Fauna sinica. Biologie und
Systematik der südchinesischen Sphingiden, 1922: 230. Type locality: Kuangtung [China].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Kon Tum province, Dak Glei District, 15.067oN, 107.733oE,
1,053 m, coll. V.L Vu.
Distribution: China, Thailand,
Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: Vinh Phuc,
Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak
Nong).
60. Acosmeryx pseudonaga
Butler, 1881 (Image 5.60)
Acosmeryx pseudonaga Butler, 1881, Illustrations
of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British
Museum, 5: 2. Type locality: [Bhutan].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN N, 105.583oE,
1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Western and
northeastern India, Bhutan, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, and
Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai,
Tuyen Quang, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Quang Binh,
Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai,
Lam Dong, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
61. Acosmeryx shervillii
Boisduval, 1875 (Image 5.61)
Acosmeryx shervillii Boisduval, 1875, Histoire
Naturelle des Insectes. Species général des Lépidoptères Hétérocères, 1:
217. Type locality: [India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northern India, Sri
Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, southern China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia,
and Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo, Java).
Local distribution: Hoa Binh,
Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa,
Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands
(Lam Dong, Gia Lai, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
62. Acosmeryx sericeus
(Walker, 1856) (Image 5.62)
Philampelus sericeus Walker, 1856, List of the
pecimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 181. Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh].
Materials examined: 1 male, x.2020, Lam Dong province,
Di Linh, 11.516oN, 108.083oE, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bangladesh, southern China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai,
Tuyen Quang, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri,
Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai,
Lam Dong, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
Genus Dahira Moore, 1888
63. Dahira obliquifascia
siamensis Melichar & Haxaire, 2021 (Image 6.63)
Dahira obliquifascia siamensis Melichar & Haxaire, 2021, The
European Entomologists, 13 (3+4): 124. Type locality: [Laos].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2016, Kon Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Myanmar, China,
Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: Khanh Hoa and
the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai).
64. Dahira orlovi
(Zolotuhin & Ryabov, 2012)
Dahira pinratanai orlovi Zolotuhin
& Ryabov, 2012, The hawkmoths of Vietnam, 2012: 202. Type locality:
Gia Lai Pr., K’Bang Dist., Kon Ka Kinh NP [Vietnam].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012) as Dahira pinratanai
orlovi. The subspecies orlovi was raised to species orlovi (Haxaire
et al., 2021).
Distribution: Vietnam.
Local distribution: the Central
Highlands (Gia Lai)
Genus Angonyx Boisduval,
[1875]
65. Angonyx testacea
(Walker, 1856) (Image 6.65)
Perigonia testacea Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 102. Type locality: “Unknown”.
Materials examined: 1 male,
x.2020, Lam Dong province, Di Linh, 11.516oN, 108.083oE,
coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Nepal, Myanmar,
China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia
(Sumatra, Borneo, Java).
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang
Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum,
Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
Genus Daphnis Hübner,
[1819]
66. Daphnis hypothous crameri
Eitschberger & Melichar, 2010 (Image 6.66)
Daphnis hypothous crameri Eitschberger & Melichar,
2010, The European Entomologist, 2: 67. Type locality: Chiang Rai, Wiang
Pa Pao [Thailand].
Materials examined: 2 males,
v.2019, Kon Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Philippines, western Indonesia, and the Western Palearctic region.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Yen Bai, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc, Hanoi, Ninh Binh,
Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum,
Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
67. Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus,
1758)
Sphinx nerii Linnaeus, 1758, Systema
Naturae (Edn 10), 1: 490. Type locality: “Unknown”.
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Hoang et al. (2011).
Distribution: Africa, Europe,
Arbia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam,
Laos, and Indonesia (Sumatra).
Local distribution: Hanoi, Thua
Thien Hue, the Central Highlands, and Ho Chi Minh City.
68. Daphnis placida placida
(Walker, 1856)
Darapsa placida Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 186. Type locality: Samatra [Indonesia, Sumatra].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: India (Andaman
& Nicobar Islands), southern China, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines,
Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Flores, Timor), northern Australia, Vanuatu,
New Caledonia, and Loyalty Islands and Malaysia.
Local distribution: the Central
Highlands (Kon Tum)
Genus Eurypteryx Felder, C.
& Felder, R., 1874
69. Eurypteryx geoffreyi
Cadiou & Kitching, 1990* (Image 6.69)
Eurypteryx geoffreyi Cadiou & Kitching, 1990, Lambillionea,
90 (4): 15. Type locality: Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai NP. [Thailand].
Materials examined: 1 female,
v.2020, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Thailand and
Vietnam
Local distribution: Lao Cai and
the Central Highlands (Lam Dong).
Genus Macroglossum
Scopoli, 1777
70. Macroglossum affictitia
(Butler, 1875)
Macroglossum affictitia Butler, 1875, Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 240, pl. 36, fig. 7. Type
locality: Canara [India, Karnataka].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: India, Myanmar,
Thailand, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: the Central
Highlands of Vietnam (Lam Dong)
71. Macroglossum belis
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Image 6.71)
Sphinx belis Linnaeus, 1758, Systema
Naturae (Edn 10), 1: 493. Type locality: “In calidis regionibus”.
Materials examined: 1 female,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12,016oN,
107,716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Ninh Binh, Da Nang, and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
72 Macroglossum corythus (Walker,
1856)
Macroglossum corythus Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collectio of the British Museum,
8: 92. Type locality: Ceylon [Sri Lanka].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Western and
northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Andaman Islands, eastern &
southern China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Philippines, Indonesia, Wallacea, and Sundaland.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Yen
Bai, Lang Son, Bac Giang, Hai Phong, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien
Hue, Da Nang, and the Central Highlands.
73. Macroglossum divergens
heliophila Boisduval, ([1875])
Macroglossa heliophila Boisduval,
1875, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species général des Lépidoptères
Hétérocères, 1: 354. Type locality: [Indonesia].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously as Macroglossum heliophila Boisduval, ([1875])
by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, and New
Guinea.
Local distribution: Ninh Binh,
Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai).
74. Macroglossum fritzei
Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Macroglossum fritzei Rothschild & Jordan, 1903, Novitates
Zoologicae, 9: 654. Type locality: Loo Choo Islands [Ryūkyū Islands:
Japan].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: China, Japan,
Thailand, Vietnam, and Borneo.
Local distribution: Quang Ninh,
Vinh Phuc, Nghe An, Da Nang, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
75. Macroglossum gyrans
Walker, 1856
Macroglossum gyrans Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 91. Type locality: [Northern India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Hoang et al. (2011).
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo,
Java) to Timor.
Local distribution: the Central
Highlands (Gia Lai).
76. Macroglossum mitchellii
imperator Butler, 1875
Macroglossum mitchellii imperator Butler, 1875, Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 243. Type locality: Ceylon [Sri
Lanka].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: India, China,
Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Sumatra.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, and the Central Highlands (Gia
Lai, Lam Dong).
77. Macroglossum
neotroglodytus Kitching & Cadiou, 2000
Macroglossum neotroglodytus Kitching & Cadiou, 2000, Hawkmoths
of the World: 206. Type locality: Assam [India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Southern &
northeastern India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, southern China, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Son La, Ha
Giang, Vinh Phuc, Nghe An, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum).
78. Macroglossum pyrrhosticta
Butler, 1875
Macroglossum pyrrhosticta Butler, 1875, Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 242. Type locality:
Shanghai [China].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Hoang et al. (2011).
Distribution: Eastern India, Sri
Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, the southern Russian Far East, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong,
South Korea, North Korea, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines,
Indonesia, and Sundaland.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai).
Genus Nephele Hübner,
[1819]
79. Nephele hespera
(Fabricius, 1775)
Sphinx hespera Fabricius,
1775, Systema Naturae: 546. Type locality: “India orientali”.
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Afghanistan,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, throughout India, Nepal, Bhutan, the Andaman Islands,
Myanmar, southern China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Sumatra,
and Java.
Local distribution: Yen Bai, Vinh
Phuc, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum).
Genus Eupanacra Cadiou
& Holloway, 1989
80. Eupanacra busiris (Walker,
1856) (Image 6.80)
Panacra busiris Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 158. Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh].
Materials examined: 1 male, v.2020, Dak Nong
province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE,
920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: North &
northeastern India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia,
and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Cao Bang,
Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, the Central Highlands (Lam Dong,
Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
81. Eupanacra sinuata
(Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) (Image 6.81)
Panacra sinuata Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903, Novitates Zoologicae, 9: 537. Type locality: [N India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India (Arunachal
Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, Manipur, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, West
Bengal), Nepal, China, northern Thailand, Vietnam Laos, and Malaysia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Hoa Binh, Vinh Phuc, Quang Binh, Thua Thien Hue, Khanh Hoa, and the
Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
82. Eupanacra variolosa
(Walker, 1856) (Image 6.82)
Panacra variolosa Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 156. Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh].
Materials examined: 1 male, v.2020, Dak Nong
province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE,
920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India, Bhutan;
Bangladesh; southwestern China, Thailand, Vietnam; Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular,
Sarawak), and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Bac Giang,
Vinh Phuc, Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Khanh Hoa, the Central Highlands
(Lam Dong, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
Genus Gnathothlibus
Wallengren, 1858
83. Gnathothlibus erotus
(Cramer, 1777) (Image 6.83)
Sphinx erotus Cramer,
1777, Uitlandsche Kapellen, 2: 12, pl. 104, fig. B. Type locality: No
locality given.
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2016, Kon Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India (Punjab,
Himachal Pradesh), the Andaman Islands), Indo-Australian tropics and eastwards
into Polynesia as far as Pitcairn and Henderson Island.
Local distribution: Khanh Hoa,
the Central Highlands (Kon Tum), and Dong Nai.
Genus Cechenena Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903
84. Cechenena aegrota
(Butler, 1875) (Image 7.84)
Pergesa aegrota Butler, 1875, Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 246. Type locality: Silhet
[Bangladesh].
Materials examined: 2 males, 2
females, v.2016, Gia Lai province, K’Bang District, Kon Chu Rang NR, 14.471oN,
108.574oE, 1,097 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, southern China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, and
Laos.
Local distribution: Lang Son,
Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, and the Central
Highlands (Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
85. Cechenena helops (Walker,
1856) (Image7.85)
Philampelus helops Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 180. Type locality: “Port Natal”.
Materials examined: 2 males, 2
females, v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN,
105.583oE, 1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, southwestern China, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines,
and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang
Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia
Lai, Lam Dong), and Dong Nai.
Genus Cechetra Zolotuhin
& Ryabov, 2012
86. Cechetra lineosa
(Walker, 1856) (Image 7.86)
Chaerocampa lineosa Walker, 1856, List of the
Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 144. Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh].
Materials examined: 2 males, 1 female, v.2022,
the Central Higlands of Vietnam, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN,
105.583oE, 1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam,
Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central
Highlands.
87. Cechetra minor
(Butler, 1875) (Image 7.87)
Chaerocampa minor Butler, 1875, Proceedings
of the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 249. Type locality: Massuri [India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2016, Kon Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Nepal,
Bhutan, China, Taiwan, and Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, and the Central
Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai).
88. Cechetra subangustata
continentalis Ivshin & Krutov, 2018 (Image 7.88)
Cechetra subangustata continentalis Ivshin
& Krutov, 2018, Zootaxa, 4450(1): 13. Type locality: Nan, Doi Phu Kha
NP. [Thailand].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India (Arunachal
Pradesh), Nepal, Bhutan, southwestern China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam,
Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central
Highlands (Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong).
Genus Griseosphinx Cadiou
& Kitching, 1990
89. Griseosphinx marchandi
Cadiou, 1996* (Image 7.89)
Griseosphinx marchandi Cadiou,
1996, Entomologia Africana: 20. Type locality: Tonkin [Vietnam].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Vietnam
Local distribution: Cao Bang, Bac
Kan, Thai Nguyen, Ninh Binh, Quang Binh, and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
Genus Hippotion Hübner,
1819 [1816]
90. Hippotion boerhaviae
(Fabricius, 1775) (Image 7.90)
Sphinx boerhaviae Fabricius,
1775, Systema Naturae: 542. Type locality: Locality not stated.
Materials examined: 2 males,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern
Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, southeastern China, Thailand,
Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, eastern Australia, The Solomon
Islands, and New Caledonia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Yen
Bai, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Huethe
Central Highlands (Dak Nong, Lam Dong), and Dong Nai.
91. Hippotion celerio
(Linnaeus, 1758)* (Image 7.91)
Sphinx celerio Linnaeus, 1758, Systema
Naturae (Edn 10), 1: Type locality: Unknown.
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Africa, southern
Europe, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, southern China, Hong
Kong, and southern Japan, Vietnam, and Australia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Hanoi, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
92. Hippotion rafflesii
(Moore, 1858)
Deilephila rafflesii Moore, 1858, in Horsfield
& Moore, A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the
Hon. East-India Company, 1: 276. Type locality: Java [Indonesia].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Southern and
eastern India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southern China, Thailand,
Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai,
Hanoi, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum).
93. Hippotion rosetta
(Swinhoe, 1892) (Image 7.93)
Choerocampa rosetta Swinhoe,
1892, Catalogue of Eastern Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Oxford University
Museum, 1: 16. Type locality: Ceram [Indonesia].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Southern Pakistan,
India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, southern Japan, Thailand,
Vietnam, Philippines, Maldives Islands, Andaman Islands, The Solomon Islands,
and New Guinea.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Thua Thien Hue, the Central
Highlands (Lam Dong, Kon Tum), and Dong Nai.
94. Hippotion velox
(Fabricius, 1793)* (Image 7.94)
Sphinx velox Fabricius,
1793, Systema Naturae, 3(1): 378. Type locality: “India
orientali”.
Materials examined: 1 males,
x.2020, Lam Dong province, Di Linh, 11.516oN, 108.083oE,
coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, China,
Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, and Singapore.
Local distribution: Lao Cai,
Quang Binh, and the Central Highlands (Lam Dong).
Genus Pergesa Walker, 1856
95. Pergesa acteus
(Cramer, 1779) (Image 8.95)
Sphinx acteus Cramer, 1779, Uitlandsche
Kapellen, 3: 93, pl.248, fig. A. Type locality: [Java].
Materials examined: 1 male, v.2016, Kon Tum province,
Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN, 108.267oE,
1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Sundaland, and Moluccas.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien
Hue, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
Genus Rhagastis Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903
96. Rhagastis acuta
(Walker, 1856)* (Image 8.96)
Zonilia acuta Walker, 1856, List of
the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 195. Type locality: Hindostan [India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Gia Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14.215oN, 108.283oE,
901 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Nepal,
Bhutan, eastern Bangladesh, Myanmar, China (Guizhou, Yunnan, Hainan), Thailand,
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines (Palawan) and Indonesia
(Sumatra, Java).
Local distribution: Nghe An,
Quang Binh, Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai)
97. Rhagastis albomarginatus (Rothschild,
1894)
Metopsilus albomarginatus Rothschild,
1894, Novitates Zoologicae, 1: 78. Type locality: Assam [India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: India, Nepal,
Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Bac Giang, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri,
Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, and the Central Highlands.
98. Rhagastis castor aurifera
(Butler, 1875) (Image 8.98)
Pergesa castor aurifera Butler, 1875, Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 7. Type locality: “Sikhim”.
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2016, Kon Tum province, Konplong District, Village Mang Canh, 14.667oN,
108.267oE, 1,226 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, southern China, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Cao Bang, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua
Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong).
99. Rhagastis confusa
Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Rhagastis confusa Rothschild
& Jordan, 1903, Novitates Zoologicae, 9: 795. Type locality: [North
India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution:
Northern Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan; southwestern China, Thailand, and
northern Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Ninh
Binh, and the Central Highlands (Gia Lai).
100. Rhagastis olivacea
(Moore, 1872)
Pergesa olivacea Moore,
1872, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1872: 567. Type
locality: “Simla”.
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Northeastern
Pakistan, northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southern China, northern
Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Vinh Phuc, and the Central Highlands (Kon Tum).
101. Rhagastis rubetra
Rothschild & Jordan, 1907
Rhagastis rubetra Rothschild & Jordan, 1907, Novitates
Zoologicae, 14: 95. Type locality: “Nias”.
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Thailand, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Cao
Bang, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Khanh Hoa, and the Central
Highlands (Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
Genus Theretra Hübner,
[1819]
102. Theretra alecto
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Sphinx alecto Linnaeus, 1758, Systema
Naturae (Edn 10), 1: 492. Type locality: [India].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: Greece, Bulgaria,
Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon,
Israel, and Egypt, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Taiwan,
Hong Kong, Japan, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, and the Central Highlands (Lam Dong).
103. Theretra boisduvalii (Bugnion,
1839) (Image 8.103)
Sphinx boisduvalii Bugnion,
1839, Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 1839: 13. Type
locality: Île de Candie [Greece].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Greece, India, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central
Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
104. Theretra clotho (Drury,
1773) (Image 8.104)
Sphinx clotho Drury, 1773, Illustrations
of Natural History. Wherein are exhibited upwards of two hundred and forty
figures of exotic insects, 2: Index [91], pl.28: 1. Type locality: Madras
[India].
Materials examined: 1male, 1 female, x.2017, Dak Nong province,
Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN, 107.716oE, 920
m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northern Pakistan,
India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South
Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines, and Sundaland.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Vinh
Phuc, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa,
the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
105. Theretra lucasii
(Walker, 1856) (Image 8.105)
Chaerocampa lucasii Walker,
1856, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum, 8: 141. Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh]
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Gia Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14.215oN, 108.283oE,
901 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Hong Kong Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, , Philippines, and Indonesia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, the Lesser Sunda
Islands.
Local distribution: Lang Son,
Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang
Nam, the Central Highlands (Gia Lai), and Dong Nai.
106. Theretra lycetus
(Cramer, 1775) (Image 8.106)
Sphinx lycetus Cramer,
1775, Uitlandsche Kapellen, 1: 96. Type locality: Bengal [India],
Coromandel, Ceylon [Sri Lanka].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Yen
Bai, Vinh Phuc, Quang Binh, and the Central Highlands (Dak Nong).
107. Theretra nessus (Drury,
1773) (Image 8.107)
Sphinx nessus Drury,
1773, Illustrations of Natural History. Wherein are exhibited upwards of two
hundred and forty figures of exotic insects, 2: index [91], pl. 76, fig. 1.
Type locality: Madras [India].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Thailand,
Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Sundaland, Philippines, and Australia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Hai Phong, Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien
Hue, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong,
Dak Nong), and Dong Nai.
108. Theretra oldenlandiae
(Fabricius, 1775)* (Image 8.108)
Sphinx oldenlandiae Fabricius,
1775, Systema Naturae: 542. Type locality: “Indiae Oldenlandiis”.
Materials examined: 1 male,
xii.2020, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northern
Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar,
China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, The
Solomon Islands, New Guinea, and Philippines.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central Highlands
(Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
109. Theretra pallicosta
(Walker, 1856) (Image 8.109)
Chaerocampa pallicosta Walker, 1856, List of
the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,
8: 145. Type locality: Silhet [Bangladesh], Hong Kong [China].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2019, Gia Lai province, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14.215oN, 108.283oE,
901 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and
Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, and the Central
Highlands (Gia Lai, Lam Dong).
110. Theretra silhetensis (Walker,
1856)
Chaerocampa silhetensis Walker,
1856, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum, 8: 143. Type locality: Ceylon [Sri Lanka], [North
India], Silhet [Bangladesh].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Hoang et al. (2011).
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, the Andaman Islands, China, Taiwan, Japan,
Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Cao
Bang, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Bac Giang, Quang Binh, Thua Thien Hue, the Central
Highlands (Kon Tum), and Dong Nai.
111. Theretra suffusa
(Walker, 1856)
Chaerocampa suffusa Walker,
1856, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum, 8: 146. Type locality: [Hong Kong].
Materials examined: None
Remarks: This species was
recorded previously by Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012).
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, southern China, Taiwan, southern Japan (Ryukyu Archipelago), Thailand,
Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java,
Kalimantan, Sulawesi), and Palawan.
Local distribution: Lang Son,
Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, and the Central Highlands (Kon
Tum).
112. Theretra sumatrensis
(Joicey & Kaye, 1917) * (Image 8.112)
Cechenena sumatrensis Joicey
& Kaye, 1917, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20: 307. Type
locality: Sumatra Langkat.
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2022, Lam Dong province, Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, 20.333oN, 105.583oE,
1,700 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Bhutan, central Myanmar, southwestern China, northern Thailand, Vietnam, Laos,
and Malaysia.
Local distribution: Lai Chau, Lao
Cai, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, and
the Central Highlands (Lam Dong).
113. Theretra tibetiana
Vaglia & Haxaire, 2010 (Image 8.113)
Theretra tibetiana Vaglia & Haxaire, 2010, The
European Entomologist, 3(1): 60. Type locality: Tibet [China].
Materials examined: 1 male,
v.2020, Dak Nong province, Krong No District, Nam Nung NR, 12.016oN,
107.716oE, 920 m, coll. Q.T. Le.
Distribution: Northeastern India,
Bhutan, China, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Local distribution: Lao Cai, Lang
Son, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, the Central Highlands (Kon Tum, Dak
Nong), and Dong Nai.
DISCUSSION
Hoang et al. (2011) reported 23
species of hawkmoth in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, including one
unidentified species, Smerinthulus sp.1. Therefore, this species is not
listed in the Result.
The genus Eurypteryx Felder
& Felder, 1874 (Sphingidae: Macroglossinae) is limited to the Oriental and
Australian regions (Jiang & Wang 2020) and currently comprises two species
in Vietnam, Eurypteryx geoffreyi Cadiou & Kitching, 1990 and Eurypteryx
bhaga (Moore, 1866) (Zolotuhin & Ryabov 2012). Both species are rare in
Vietnam. Zolotuhin & Ryabov (2012) reported that the only male of Eurypteryx
geoffreyi was collected at an elevation of about 1,600 m in the disturbed
humid primary forest on Fansipan mountain in northwestern Vietnam. In our
surveys, we collected a female specimen of the species at an elevation of about
1,450 m in an evergreen broad-leaf forest while feeding on flowers of a low
tree at Giang Ly ranger station in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong
province. Its distribution is broader than previous records suggest, not
limited to the north-west but also occurring in the Central Highlands and maybe
has an even wider distribution.
Contrasted with prior studies,
our updated list includes 16 species documented in both the 2011 and 2012
lists. The total of 78 species closely aligns with Zolotuhin & Ryabov’s
(2012) report, with 12 species matching Hoang et al.’s (2011) list. The key
highlight is the addition of 14 new species to the Sphingidae checklist for the
Central Highlands of Vietnam.
For
figure & images - - click here for full PDF
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