Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 December 2021 | 13(14): 20167–20173
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7518.13.14.20167-20173
#7518 | Received 12 June 2021 | Final
received 04 October 2021 | Finally accepted 20 November 2021
Checklist of Odonata (Insecta) of Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India
Kritish De 1, Sarika Bhatt
2, Amar Paul Singh 3, Manisha Uniyal
4 & Virendra Prasad Uniyal 5
1 Department of Life Sciences, Sri
Sathya Sai University for Human Excellence, Navanihal,
Karnataka 585313, India.
1,2,3,5 Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.
2 Department of Zoology, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand 248001, India.
4 Department of Zoology, Dayanand Bijendra
Swaroop PG College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.
1 kritish.de@gmail.com
(corresponding author), 2 amarpaulsingh4@gmail.com, 3 sarika.r.b04@gmail.com,
4 manishauniyal31@gmail.com, 5 uniyalvp@wii.gov.in
Editor: K.A. Subramanian, Zoological
Survey of India, Chennai, India. Date of publication:
26 December 2021 (online & print)
Citation: De, K., S. Bhatt, A.P. Singh, M. Uniyal
& V.P. Uniyal (2021). Checklist of Odonata
(Insecta) of Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(14): 20167–20173. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7518.13.14.20167-20173
Copyright: © De et al. 2021. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium
by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: This work was funded by National Mission on Himalayan Studies, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India (Grant No.:
NMHS/2017-18/MG42/26).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Author details: Kritish De is working as assistant professor at Sri Sathya Sai
University for Human Excellence. Previously he worked as project fellow at
Wildlife Institute of India. His research interests are biodiversity and
ecology. Sarika Bhatt is a
doctoral student at Shri Guru Ram Rai University. Her research interests are
biodiversity and ecology of aquatic insects. Amar
Paul Singh is presently working as a researcher at Wildlife Institute of
India. His research interests include diversity, taxonomy, ecology and animal
behaviour. Manisha Uniyal
is working as assistant professor at Dayanand Brijendra
Swaroop Postgraduate College. Her interests are biodiversity and ecology of
aquatic ecosystem. Virendra Prasad Uniyal is working as Scientist – G at Wildlife
Institute of India. His research interests are ecology and systematics of
insects, bio-indicators, biodiversity surveys and ecological monitoring.
Author contributions: KD—conceptualization, formal
analysis, writing original draft; SB—writing original draft; APS–writing
original draft, MU—writing original draft, VPU—supervision, review, and editing
the draft.
Acknowledgements: Authors express gratitude to the
Director and Dean, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun for their support for
the study. Authors are thankful to the National Mission on Himalayan Studies,
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India for
sponsoring the work.
Abstract: In this communication, we have
collated a checklist of 97 species of odonates from
Doon valley, Uttarakhand by reviewing the literature. These species are
distributed across 13 families, 58 genera, and eight superfamilies.
Of these species, 60 were Anisoptera (dragonflies)
and 37 were Zygoptera (damselflies). Three species of dragonflies and two
damselflies are endemic to India. This checklist updates existing knowledge on
insect diversity in the Doon valley and will aid conservation management of
wetlands in the region.
Keywords: Anisoptera, conservation, damselfly,
diversity, dragonfly, endemic species, Zygoptera.
INTRODUCTION
Odonates are relatively well known
because the adults are colourful, relatively large, and easily visible as they
pursue insect prey in freshwater habitats ranging from permanent water bodies
to pools and puddles (Thorp & Rogers 2011). They are excellent indicators
for monitoring the health of freshwater ecosystems. The order Odonata is divided
into three suborders, with 6,337 recorded species (Paulson et al. 2021), of which 493 (plus 27 subspecies) in 154
genera and 18 families are reported from India (Subramanian & Babu 2019). Of these, the Himalaya account for 257 species
under 112 genera and 18 families (Subramanian & Babu
2018), and Indian endemics include 186 species (including subspecies) belonging
to 69 genera, with 34 species being endemic to the Himalaya (Subramanian & Babu 2018).
The earliest accounts of odonates
in the Doon valley were by Singh & Prasad (1976) and Prasad & Singh
(1976), which documented the Anisoptera and Zygoptera, respectively. Subsequently, Kumar & Prasad
(1981) published a list of western Himalayan odonates,
which included odonates of Doon valley, and Hamalainen (1989) studied the odonate
diversity of Dehradun valley. The diversity of odonates
in Rajaji National Park was documented by Prasad & Singh (1995) and Kumar
& Sharma (2003) documented the odonate fauna of
Doon Valley’s Asan Wetland. The diversity of odonates in Sahastradhara and
other parts of Dehradun was documented by Husain (2018).
The Doon valley in the Indian state of Uttarakhand is a mountain valley bounded in the
south-west by the Siwalik Range, in the north-east by the Mussoorie
Range of the Lesser Himalaya, in the north-west by the Yamuna River, and in the
south-east by the Ganga River. Habitats include hardwood deciduous forest,
blossoming and fruiting trees, wetlands, Terai, and Bhabar ecosystems. There are several rivers: Song, Tons, Suswa, Jakhan, Rispana, and Asan, plus many
lesser streams moving through Doon Valley, providing ideal wildlife habitats.
Because there is no recent updated information on odonates
of the Doon valley, the creation of a checklist with updates was deemed
necessary for conservation management of the dragonflies and damselflies the
valley.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The checklist provided in this communication is based on a review of
existing literature (Sangal & Kumar 1970a,b;
Singh & Prasad 1976; Prasad & Singh 1976, 1995; Kumar & Prasad
1978, 1981; Sangal & Tyagi 1985; Hamalainen 1989; Mitra, 1999,
2000a,b; Kumar & Sharma 2003; Husain 2018) on the odonate
fauna of Doon valley (Figure 1). For the systematic position of the odonates, we followed Dijkstra et al. (2013). The
nomenclature and endemic status of the species follow Kalkman
et al. (2020).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Currently, 97 species of odonates were
reported from the Doon valley, Uttarakhand. This include 60 species, 37 genera,
five families and four superfamilies of dragonflies (Anisoptera) (Table 1) and 37 species, 21 genera, eight
families, and four superfamilies of damselflies (Zygoptera) (Table 2) (Figure 2).
Among the dragonflies, maximum number of species and genus were reported
from Libellulidae (38 species, 22 genera), followed
by Gomphidae (14 species, 10 genera), Aeshnidae (six species, three genera), Cordulegastridae
(one genus, one species), and Macromiidae (one genus,
one species) (Figure 3A).
Among the damselflies, maximum number of species and genus were reported
from the Coenagrionidae (16 species, six genera),
followed by the Platycnemididae (six species, four
genera), Chlorocyphidae
(five species, four genera), Lestidae (four species,
two genera), Euphaeidae (three species, two genera); Calopterygidae, Platystictidae,
and Synlestidae were represented with one genus and
one species, each (Figure 3B). Percentage of genera and species of five
families of Anisoptera and eight families of Zygoptera are given in Figure 4.
Among the odonates reported from the Doon
valley, three dragonflies namely Anormogomphus
heteropterus Selys,
1854, Burmagomphus sivalikensis
Laidlaw, 1922, and Hylaeothemis gardeneri Fraser, 1927 and two damselflies Agriocnemis corbeti
Kumar & Prasad, 1978 and Calicnemia doonensis doonensi Sangal & Tyagi, 1984 are endemic to India.
Insect populations are supposedly encountering broad decays; however,
we, for the most part, have inadequate information on their abundance (Bried et al. 2020). There is a scarcity of knowledge on
environmental variables and Odonata diversity in the Doon valley. Aquatic
ecosystems are typically spatially and temporally constrained, and are often
found in largely rural landscapes, making them vulnerable to farmland water
management activities, which can put additional strain on water supplies (Balzan 2012). Since water and habitat management projects
are the two most significant trend drivers, conservation research should pay
more attention to understanding their function and mechanisms in driving
Odonata trend changes (Tang & Visconti 2020). For appropriate biodiversity
conservation and management practises, future research should focus on how odonate assemblage structure and diversity are correlated
with different habitat variables in Doon valley.
Table 1. List
of dragonflies reported from the Doon valley.
|
Suborder: Anisoptera Selys, 1854 |
||
|
Superfamily: Aeshnoidea
Leach, 1815 |
||
|
Family: Aeshnidae Leach,
1815 |
||
|
Genus: Anax Leach in Brewster, 1815 |
||
|
|
Anax guttatus (Burmeister, 1839) |
|
|
|
Anax immaculifrons
Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
|
Anax nigrofasciatus
nigrolineatus Fraser, 1935 |
|
|
|
Anax parthenope (Selys, 1839) |
|
|
Genus: Gynacantha Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
|
|
Gynacantha bayadera Selys, 1891 |
|
|
Genus: Gynacanthaeschna Fraser, 1921 |
|
|
|
|
Gynacanthaeschna sikkima (Karsch, 1891) |
|
|
Superfamily: Gomphoidea
Rambur, 1842 |
||
|
Family: Gomphidae Rambur,
1842 |
||
|
Genus: Anisogomphus Selys, 1858 |
|
|
|
|
Anisogomphus occipitalis (Selys, 1854) |
|
|
Genus: Anormogomphus Selys,
1854 |
|
|
|
|
Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 |
Endemic to India |
|
|
Anormogomphus kiritschenkoi
Bartenef, 1913 |
|
|
Genus: Burmagomphus Williamson, 1907 |
|
|
|
|
Burmagomphus hasimaricus Fraser, 1926 |
|
|
|
Burmagomphus sivalikensis Laidlaw, 1922 |
Endemic to India |
|
Genus: Ictinogomphus Cowley, 1934 |
|
|
|
|
Ictinogomphus rapax (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
Genus: Lamelligomphus Fraser, 1922 |
|
|
|
|
Lamelligomphus biforceps (Selys, 1878) |
|
|
|
Lamelligomphus risi (Fraser, 1922) |
|
|
Genus: Nepogomphus Fraser, 1934 |
|
|
|
|
Nepogomphus modestus (Selys, 1878) |
|
|
Genus: Nychogomphus Carle, 1986 |
|
|
|
|
Nychogomphus duaricus (Fraser, 1924) |
|
|
Genus: Onychogomphus Selys, 1854 |
|
|
|
|
Onychogomphus cerastis (Selys, 1854) |
|
|
Genus: Paragomphus Cowley, 1934 |
|
|
|
|
Paragomphus lineatus (Selys, 1850) |
|
|
Genus: Scalmogomphus Chao, 1990 |
|
|
|
|
Scalmogomphus bistrigatus (Hagen in Selys,
1854) |
|
|
|
Scalmogomphus schmidti Fraser, 1937 |
|
|
Superfamily: Libelluloidea
Leach, 1815 |
||
|
Family: Libellulidae
Leach, 1815 |
||
|
Genus: Acisoma Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
|
|
Acisoma panorpoides Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
Genus: Brachydiplax Brauer,
1868 |
|
|
|
|
Brachydiplax sobrina (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
Genus: Brachythemis Brauer,
1868 |
|
|
|
|
Brachythemis contaminata (Fabricius,
1793) |
|
|
Genus: Bradinopyga Kirby, 1893 |
|
|
|
|
Bradinopyga geminata (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
Genus: Cratilla Kirby, 1900 |
|
|
|
|
Cratilla lineata calverti Förster, 1903 |
|
|
Genus: Crocothemis Brauer, 1868 |
|
|
|
|
Crocothemis erythraea (Brullé, 1832) |
|
|
|
Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1773) |
|
|
Genus: Diplacodes Kirby, 1889 |
|
|
|
|
Diplacodes lefebvrii (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
|
Diplacodes nebulosa (Fabricius,
1793) |
|
|
|
Diplacodes trivialis Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
Genus: Hylaeothemis Ris, 1909 |
|
|
|
|
Hylaeothemis gardeneri Fraser, 1927 |
Endemic to India |
|
Genus: Neurothemis Brauer, 1867 |
|
|
|
|
Neurothemis fulvia (Drury, 1773) |
|
|
|
Neurothemis intermedia intermedia
(Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
|
Neurothemis tullia (Drury, 1773) |
|
|
Genus: Orthetrum Newman, 1833 |
|
|
|
|
Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe,
1837) |
|
|
|
Orthetrum glaucum Brauer, 1865 |
|
|
|
Orthetrum internum McLachlan, 1894 |
|
|
|
Orthetrum luzonicum (Brauer,
1868) |
|
|
|
Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum
(Burmeister, 1839) |
|
|
|
Orthetrum sabina sabina
(Drury, 1770) |
|
|
|
Orthetrum taeniolatum (Schneider, 1845) |
|
|
|
Orthetrum triangulare triangulare (Selys, 1878) |
|
|
Genus: Palpopleura Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
|
|
Palpopleura sexmaculata (Fabricius,
1787) |
|
|
Genus: Pantala Hagen, 1861 |
|
|
|
|
Pantala flavescens (Fabricius,
1798) |
|
|
Genus: Potamarcha Karsch, 1890 |
|
|
|
|
Potamarcha congener (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
Genus: Rhyothemis Hagen, 1867 |
|
|
|
|
Rhyothemis variegate variegata (Linnaeus, 1763) |
|
|
Genus: Sympetrum
Newman, 1833 |
|
|
|
|
Sympetrum striolatum commixtum (Selys, 1884) |
|
|
Genus: Tetrathemis Brauer, 1868 |
|
|
|
|
Tetrathemis platyptera Selys, 1878 |
|
|
Genus: Tholymis Hagen, 1867 |
|
|
|
|
Tholymis tillarga (Fabricius,
1798) |
|
|
Genus: Tramea Hagen, 1861 |
|
|
|
|
Tramea basilaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1817) |
|
|
|
Tramea virginia (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
Genus: Trithemis Brauer, 1868 |
|
|
|
|
Trithemis aurora (Burmeister, 1839) |
|
|
|
Trithemis festiva (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
|
Trithemis kirbyi Selys, 1891 |
|
|
|
Trithemis pallidinervis (Kirby, 1889) |
|
|
Genus: Urothemis Brauer, 1868 |
|
|
|
|
Urothemis signata (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
Genus: Zygonyx Selys in
Hagen, 1867 |
|
|
|
|
Zygonyx torridus isis Fraser,
1924 |
|
|
Genus: Zyxomma Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
|
|
Zyxomma petiolatum Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
Family: Macromiidae
Needham, 1903 |
||
|
Genus: Macromia Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
|
|
Macromia moorei Selys, 1874 |
|
|
Superfamily: Cordulegastroidea
Hagen, 1875 |
||
|
Family: Cordulegastridae
Hagen, 1875 |
||
|
Genus: Cordulegaster Leach in Brewster, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
Cordulegaster brevistigma (Selys, 1854) |
|
Table 2. List of damselflies reported from the Doon valley.
|
Suborder: Zygoptera Selys, 1854 |
||
|
Superfamily: Calopterygoidea
Selys, 1850 |
||
|
Family: Calopterygidae Selys, 1850 |
||
|
Genus: Neurobasis Selys, 1853 |
|
|
|
|
Neurobasis chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
|
|
|
Family: Chlorocyphidae Cowley, 1937 |
|
|
Genus: Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 |
|
|
|
|
Aristocypha quadrimaculata
(Selys,
1853) |
|
|
|
Aristocypha trifasciata (Selys, 1853) |
|
|
Genus: Libellago Selys, 1840 |
|
|
|
|
Libellago lineata (Burmeister, 1839) |
|
|
Genus: Heliocypha Fraser, 1949 |
|
|
|
|
Heliocypha biforata (Selys, 1859) |
|
|
Genus: Paracypha Fraser, 1949 |
|
|
|
|
Paracypha unimaculata Selys, 1853 |
|
|
Family: Euphaeidae Yakobson & Bianchi, 1905 |
||
|
Genus: Anisopleura Selys,
1853 |
|
|
|
|
Anisopleura comes Hagen, 1880 |
|
|
|
Anisopleura lestoides Selys, 1853 |
|
|
Genus: Bayadera Selys, 1853 |
|
|
|
|
Bayadera indica (Selys, 1853) |
|
|
Superfamily: Coenagrionoidea
Kirby, 1890 |
||
|
Family: Coenagrionidae
Kirby, 1890 |
||
|
Genus: Agriocnemis Selys, 1877 |
||
|
|
Agriocnemis clauseni Fraser, 1922 |
|
|
|
Agriocnemis corbeti Kumar & Prasad, 1978 |
Endemic to India |
|
|
Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
Genus: Amphiallagma Kennedy, 1920 |
|
|
|
|
Amphiallagma parvum (Selys, 1876) |
|
|
Genus: Ceriagrion Selys, 1876 |
|
|
|
|
Ceriagrion cerinorubellum (Brauer,
1865) |
|
|
|
Ceriagrion coromandelianum
(Fabricius,
1798) |
|
|
|
Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 |
|
|
Genus: Ischnura Charpentier, 1840 |
|
|
|
|
Ischnura rubilio Selys, 1876 |
|
|
|
Ischnura forcipata Morton, 1908 |
|
|
|
Ischnura nursei Morton, 1907 |
|
|
|
Ischnura senegalensis Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
Genus: Paracercion Weekers
& Dumont, 2004 |
|
|
|
|
Paracercion calamorum (Ris, 1916) |
|
|
Genus: Pseudagrion Selys,
1876 |
|
|
|
|
Pseudagrion rubriceps rubriceps
Selys, 1876 |
|
|
|
Pseudagrion decorum (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
|
Pseudagrion laidlawi Fraser, 1922 |
|
|
|
Pseudagrion spencei Fraser, 1922 |
|
|
Family: Platycnemididae Yakobson & Bianchi, 1905 |
||
|
Genus: Calicnemia Strand, 1928 |
|
|
|
|
Calicnemia doonensis doonensi Sangal & Tyagi, 1984 |
Endemic to India |
|
|
Calicnemia eximia Selys, 1863 |
|
|
|
Calicnemia miles (Laidlaw, 1917) |
|
|
Genus: Copera Kirby, 1890 |
|
|
|
|
Copera marginipes (Rambur, 1842) |
|
|
Genus: Elattoneura Cowley, 1935 |
|
|
|
|
Elattoneura campioni campioni (Fraser,
1922) |
|
|
Genus: Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 |
|
|
|
|
Prodasineura autumnalis (Fraser, 1922) |
|
|
Superfamily: Lestoidea
Calvert, 1901 |
||
|
Family: Lestidae Calvert,
1901 |
||
|
Genus: Indolestes Fraser, 1922 |
|
|
|
|
Indolestes cyaneus (Selys, 1862) |
|
|
Genus: Lestes Leach in Brewster, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
Lestes concinnus Hagen in Selys,
1862 |
|
|
|
Lestes praemorsus decipiens Kirby,
1893 |
|
|
|
Lestes viridulus Rambur, 1842 |
|
|
Family: Synlestidae Tillyard,
1917 |
||
|
Genus: Megalestes Selys, 1862 |
|
|
|
|
Megalestes major Selys, 1862 |
|
|
Superfamily: Platystictoidea
Kennedy, 1920 |
||
|
Family: Platystictidae
Kennedy, 1920 |
||
|
Genus: Drepanosticta Laidlaw, 1917 |
|
|
|
|
Drepanosticta carmichaeli (Laidlaw, 1915) |
|
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