Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2023 | 15(1): 22430–22439
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7503.15.1.22430-22439
#7503 | Received 07 June 2021 | Final received
10 January 2023 | Finally accepted 16 January 2023
A
checklist of avifauna of Mangalore University, Karnataka, India
K. Maxim Rodrigues 1, K. Vineeth
Kumar 2, Vivek Hasyagar 3, M.C. Prashantha Krishna 4.
& Deepak Naik 5
1,4 Kasaragod Birders,
Kasaragod, Kerala 671121, India.
1 Kollangana (H),
Kallakatta (PO), Kasaragod District, Kerala 671123, India.
2 Center for Advanced
Learning, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575004, India.
4 Sri Durgaprasada
Mani, Post Permude, Via Mangalpady, Kasaragod, Kerala 671324, India.
3,5 Department of Applied
Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka 574199, India.
1 maxim.rodrigus@gmail.com,
2 vineethk.vinu@gmail.com, 3 vivek.hasyagar@gmail.com, 4
pkmcmani@gmail.com, 5 mr.deepakln@gmail.com (corresponding
author)
Editor: P.O. Nameer, Kerala
Agricultural University, Thrissur, India. Date
of publication: 26 January 2023 (online & print)
Citation: Rodrigues, K.M.,
K.V. Kumar, V. Hasyagar, M.C.P. Krishna & D. Naik (2023). A checklist of
avifauna of Mangalore University, Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened
Taxa 15(1): 22430–22439. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7503.15.1.22430-22439
Copyright: © Rodrigues et al.
2023. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction,
and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to
the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: None.
Competing interests: The authors declare no
competing interests.
Author details: Maxim
Rodrigues, K., is an avid bird watcher from Kasaragod and founder of
Kasaragod Birders team, who works on wildlife studies and conservation mainly
through birds in his home district in Kasaragod through citizen science. He
obtained his BSc in Geography from Kannur University and MSc in Marine Geology
from Mangalore University. Dr. Vineeth Kumar, K., is currently
engaged in education and research. His core research interests include ecology
and behaviour of amphibians and aves. In specific urban ecology and
biodiversity, acoustic behaviour, migration in birds etc. He is also a
passionate wildlife photographer and travels extensively to document faunal
diversity. Vivek Hasyagar is a
researcher/ PhD scholar, working on earthworm ecology in department of Applied
Zoology, Mangalore University also a avid birdwatcher and intrested in wildlife
aspects. Prashantha
Krishna, M.C., currently working as R & D chemist is keen about bird
watching and photography. Mainly focuses on documentation of birds in and
around Kasaragod and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka and Kerala states
respectively. Apart from birds, Snakes and Spiders are of his main interests. Dr.
Deepak Naik is currently Guest faculty in department of Applied Zoology,
Mangalore University. His research interests includes- understanding the
butterfly communities and ecology in different landscapes also interested in
birds and other taxa.
Author contributions: KMR, KVK, VH, MCPK, and
DN contribute and compiled the checklist. DN and KMR created the tables and
figures. All authors contributed equally to the preparation of the manuscript.
Acknowledgements: The authors thank
Jagadish Paithankar, K. Radhakrishna Upadhyaya, Donald Preetam Henry, M.P.
Akhila, G. Bhagya, Sneha Rao, A.G. Gopalakrishna, Arun Thilippan, Tanhaji
Ghodke, Lavina Gladis Serrao and students of Mangalore University for their
assistance during the field work. The authors are also grateful to the faculty
and Natural History Association (NHA) of the Department of Applied Zoology,
Mangalore University for their valuable support. In addition, we thank all
birdwatchers who participated in CBC (Campus Bird Count) and GBBC (Great
Backyard Bird Count).
Abstract: The study of the avifaunal
diversity was carried out in the Mangalore University campus, located in
Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka from 2013 to 2021, in and around the
campus. A total of 150 bird species belonging to 18 orders and 56 families were
recorded during the study. Out of these, the study area supports five species
which are endemic to the Western Ghats. The feeding guild analysis revealed
that the insectivorous group had the highest number of species (53 species).
The study provides baseline data for monitoring the avifauna in the campus and
demonstrates the importance of the area in bird conservation.
Keywords- Birds, Dakshina
Kannada, diversity, feeding guilds, Mangalagangotri campus, Mangaluru.
Introduction
Birds are one of the
widely distributed vertebrates, showing maximum diversity. They play a key role
in the ecosystem as environmental/biodiversity indicators. The diversity of
birds, taxonomy and their distribution are well documented in India (Ali &
Ripley 1987; Kazmierczak 2006; Grimmett et al. 2011). The global species
accounts for a total of 10,721 species (Clements et al. 2019). India also has a
rich avifaunal diversity with 1,340 species, which account for 12% of the
world’s total species (Praveen et al. 2021). Of these, 535 species of birds
have been reported from Karnataka (Praveen et al. 2018).
Due to increased
anthropogenic activities there is a continuous change in landscape (Jha et al.
2000; Purvis & Hector 2000), demanding the need for monitoring schemes to
know the major flora and fauna at the global as well regional levels (Gadgil
1996). Bird studies help in understanding the importance of landscape in terms
of their conservation. Continuous monitoring helps in understanding the habitat
and distribution, which is crucial in planning effective conservation
strategies (Paul & Cooper 2005).
There have been few
ornithological studies carried out in Dakshina Kannada District, from coastal
Karnataka (Shivashankar et al. 2011). Previously, (Ramitha & Vijayalaxmi
2001) reported 56 species of birds belonging to 31 families, however, in their
study they covered University Campus along with some adjoining areas like
Pavoor, Assaigoli, Someshwara and Netravathi bridge. Except for this earlier
report, no detailed long-term studies have been made on the diversity of birds
in the study area. In this context, the present study was undertaken to
highlight the status, composition, feeding guilds and diversity of birds of
Mangalore University Campus, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka.
Materials and Methods
Study site
The study was
conducted in the Mangalore University campus located between 12.818°N &
74.917°E and is situated 20 km away from Mangalore City, Dakshina Kannada
District, Karnataka (Figure 1). The campus is spread over 333 acres of land and
it consists of different habitat types such as laterite, shrubby patch and
orchards. The overall habitat consists of open grassland and shrubs like Aparosa
sp. (Phyllanthaceae), Ixora sp., Mussaenda bellila (Rubiaceae), Premna
serratifolia (Lamiaceae) and trees like Hopea ponga
(Dipterocarpaceae), Mangifera indica, Holigarna ferruginea, Anacardia
occidentale (Anacardiaceae), Peltophorum pterocarpum, Acacia
auriculiformis, Accacia spp, Cassia fistula, Pongamia pinnata
(Fabaceae), Terminalia spp. (Combretaceae), Artocarpus heterophyllus,
Ficus spp. (Moraceae), Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae) and the
orchard includes a few ornamental plant species. The study region receives an
annual rainfall of 3479 mm and the average temperature ranges from 27°C to
32°C.
Bird survey method
The bird exploration
was conducted for a period of nine years (2013–2021) to maintain the baseline
data in the Mangalore University campus. The data was collected by
opportunistic encounters during the regular field visits. Later, the bird
survey was conducted using fixed 16 transects of 100 m length (each transect is
50 m away from the other) in different sites (Yashmita-Ulman & Singh 2021),
during the month February 2016 to 2021 for four days between 0700 to 1000 h and
1600 to 1900 h. The species were recorded for 15 minutes by covering the
transect length at a slow pace. The
birds were recorded directly using a pair of field binoculars (Bushnell 8 x 42,
Celestron outland 10 x 42) and a camera (Nikon D750, Nikkor 200-500mm f/5.6
lens). The identification of birds was done using the following field guides
(Ali 2002; Grimmett et al. 2011). The common name, scientific name, IUCN Red
List status, IWPA 1972, CITES and migratory status is followed using (SoIB
2020; Praveen et al. 2021) eBird database. To compile the list of birds we used
secondary data cited in eBird data (accessed 20 February 2021). The feeding
guild data for each species was collected from the existing literature (Ali
& Ripley 1987; Vinayak & Mali 2018; Harisha et al. 2021; Norbu et al.
2021).
Result and Discussion
A total of 150
species of birds, belonging to 56 families under 18 orders were recorded from
the study area (Table 1; Images 1–33). The order Passeriformes dominated the
study area with a maximum number of species, i.e., 80 species (53%) and with
the lowest Anseriformes, Bucerotiformes, Falconiformes, Suliformes, sharing one
species (1%) each (Figure 2).
As per IUCN Red List
(IUCN 2021), the campus supports, three Near Threatened (NT) species—Ciconia
episcopus, Threskiornis melanocephalus, and Brachypodius
priocephalus—and the remaining 146 species are under Least Concern (LC).
The campus also supports five species namely, Brachypodius priocephalus,
Rubigula gularis, Argya subrufa, Sturnia blythii, and Dicaeum
concolor which are endemic to the Western Ghats (Table 1).
An analysis of the
feeding guilds of these birds revealed that, 35% (53 species) were
insectivorous, 28% (42 species) were omnivorous, 23% (34 species) were
carnivorous, 6% (9 species) were granivorous, 4% (four species each) were
frugivorous and nectivorous respectively (Figure 3).
During the study
period 124 bird species were reported as residential (R), followed by 13
species long distance migratory (LD) and 13 species local migratory (LM).
Karnataka is home to
535 bird species (Praveen et al. 2018) and we recorded 150 (28%) species during
the current study at Mangalore University Campus. Several other bird studies were
conducted in different University campuses of Karnataka (Nazneen et al. 2001;
Rajashekara & Venkatesh 2016, 2017; Harisha et al. 2021). Since there is a
limitation in observation, the long-term monitoring of these species is
essential (Schlegel & Rupf 2010). Our study provides important baseline
information and the importance of species presence; this will help in the long
term monitoring of birds in the campus besides acting as an essential document
in planning conservation efforts in the campus.
Table 1. Checklist of bird diversity of the Mangalore
University campus along with legal status and migratory status.
|
|
Species name |
IUCN Red List 2021 |
IWPA 1972 |
CITES Appendix |
Feeding guild |
Migratory status |
|
|
Order Anseriformes,
Family Anatidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Dendrocygna
javanica (Horsfield, 1821); Lesser Whistling Duck |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order Galliformes,
Family Phasianidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758;
Indian Peafowl |
LC |
I |
|
O |
R |
|
3 |
Galloperdix
spadicea (J.F. Gmelin, 1789); Red Spurfowl |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
|
Order
Columbiformes, Family Columbidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
Columba livia J.F. Gmelin, 1789;
Rock Pigeon |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
5 |
Streptopelia
orientalis (Latham, 1790); Oriental Turtle Dove |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
6 |
Streptopelia
chinensis (Scopoli, 1786); Spotted Dove |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
7 |
Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758);
Asian Emerald Dove |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
8 |
Treron
phoenicopterus (Latham, 1790); Yellow-footed Green Pigeon |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
|
Order Cuculiformes,
Family Cuculidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
Centropus sinensis (Stephens, 1815);
Greater Coucal |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
10 |
Phaenicophaeus
viridirostris (Jerdon, 1840); Blue-faced Malkoha |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
11 |
Clamator jacobinus (Boddaert, 1783);
Pied Cuckoo |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
12 |
Eudynamys
scolopaceus (Linnaeus, 1758); Asian Koel |
LC |
IV |
|
F |
R |
|
13 |
Cacomantis
sonneratii (Latham, 1790); Banded Bay Cuckoo |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
14 |
Cacomantis
passerinus (Vahl, 1797); Grey-bellied Cuckoo |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
15 |
Surniculus
dicruroides (Hodgson, 1839); Fork-tailed Drongo Cuckoo |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
16 |
Hierococcyx varius (Vahl, 1797);
Common Hawk Cuckoo |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Caprimulgiformes, Family Podargidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
Batrachostomus
moniliger Blyth, 1849; Sri Lanka Frogmouth |
LC |
I |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order
Caprimulgiformes, Family Caprimulgidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
Caprimulgus
atripennis Jerdon, 1845; Jerdon's Nightjar |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
19 |
Caprimulgus
asiaticus Latham, 1790; Indian Nightjar |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
20 |
Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, 1821;
Savanna Nightjar |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Caprimulgiformes, Family Apodidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
Apus affinis (J.E. Gray, 1830);
Indian House Swift |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
22 |
Cypsiurus
balasiensis (J.E. Gray, 1829); Asian Palm Swift |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order Gruiformes,
Family Rallidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
Amaurornis
phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769); White-breasted Waterhen |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
24 |
Zapornia fusca (Linnaeus, 1766);
Ruddy-breasted Crake |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Charadriiformes, Family Charadriidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
Vanellus
malabaricus (Boddaert, 1783); Yellow-wattled Lapwing |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
26 |
Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783);
Red-wattled Lapwing |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order
Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
Tringa ochropus Linnaeus, 1758;
Green Sandpiper |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
LD |
|
|
Order
Charadriiformes, Family Turnicidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
Turnix suscitator (J.F. Gmelin,
1789); Barred Buttonquail |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order
Ciconiiformes, Family Ciconiidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert, 1783);
Asian Openbill |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
30 |
Ciconia episcopus (Boddaert, 1783);
Woolly-necked Stork |
NT |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order Suliformes,
Family Phalacrocoracidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
Microcarbo niger (Vieillot, 1817);
Little Cormorant |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order
Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus, 1766;
Purple Heron |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
33 |
Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758;
Great Egret |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
34 |
Ardea intermedia Wagler, 1829;
Intermediate Egret |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
35 |
Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766);
Little Egret |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
36 |
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758);
Cattle Egret |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
37 |
Ardeola grayii (Sykes, 1832);
Indian Pond Heron |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order
Pelecaniformes, Family Threskiornithidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
Threskiornis
melanocephalus (Latham, 1790); Black-headed Ibis |
NT |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order
Accipitriformes, Family Accipitridae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
Pernis
ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821); Oriental Honey Buzzard |
LC |
I |
II |
C |
R |
|
40 |
Spilornis cheela (Latham, 1790);
Crested Serpent Eagle |
LC |
I |
II |
C |
R |
|
41 |
Hieraaetus pennatus (J.F. Gmelin,
1788); Booted Eagle |
LC |
I |
II |
C |
LD |
|
42 |
Accipiter
trivirgatus (Temminck, 1824); Crested Goshawk |
LC |
I |
II |
C |
R |
|
43 |
Accipiter badius (J.F. Gmelin,
1788); Shikra |
LC |
I |
II |
C |
R |
|
44 |
Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783);
Black Kite |
LC |
I |
II |
C |
R |
|
45 |
Haliastur indus (Boddaert, 1783);
Brahminy Kite |
LC |
I |
II |
C |
R |
|
46 |
Haliaeetus
leucogaster (J.F. Gmelin, 1788); White-bellied Sea Eagle |
LC |
I |
II |
C |
R |
|
|
Order Strigiformes,
Family Tytonidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769);
Barn Owl |
LC |
IV |
II |
C |
R |
|
|
Order Strigiformes,
Family Strigidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
Athene brama (Temminck, 1821);
Spotted Owlet |
LC |
IV |
II |
C |
R |
|
49 |
Strix leptogrammica Temminck, 1832;
Brown Wood Owl |
LC |
IV |
II |
C |
R |
|
|
Order
Bucerotiformes, Family Upupidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
Upupa epops Linnaeus, 1758;
Common Hoopoe |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Coraciiformes, Family Alcedinidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758);
Common Kingfisher |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
52 |
Alcedo meninting Horsfield, 1821;
Blue-eared Kingfisher |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
53 |
Ceyx erithaca (Linnaeus, 1758);
Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
54 |
Pelargopsis
capensis (Linnaeus, 1766); Stork-billed Kingfisher |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
55 |
Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758);
White-throated Kingfisher |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order
Coraciiformes, Family Meropidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
56 |
Merops orientalis Latham, 1801;
Green Bee-eater |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
57 |
Merops philippinus Linnaeus, 1767;
Blue-tailed Bee-eater |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LM |
|
58 |
Merops leschenaulti Vieillot, 1817;
Chestnut-headed Bee-eater |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Coraciiformes, Family Coraciidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
59 |
Coracias garrulus Linnaeus, 1758;
European Roller |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
LD |
|
60 |
Coracias
benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758); Indian Roller |
LC |
IV |
|
C |
R |
|
|
Order Piciformes,
Family Megalaimidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
Psilopogon
haemacephalus (Statius Muller, 1776); Coppersmith Barbet |
LC |
IV |
|
F |
R |
|
62 |
Psilopogon viridis (Boddaert, 1783);
White-cheeked Barbet |
LC |
IV |
|
F |
R |
|
|
Order Piciformes,
Family Picidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
63 |
Yungipicus nanus (Vigors, 1832);
Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
64 |
Micropternus
brachyurus (Vieillot, 1818); Rufous Woodpecker |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
65 |
Dinopium
benghalense (Linnaeus, 1758); Black-rumped Flameback |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
66 |
Picus chlorolophus Vieillot, 1818;
Lesser Yellownape |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Falconiformes, Family Falconidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
67 |
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758;
Common Kestrel |
LC |
IV |
II |
C |
LM |
|
|
Order
Psittaciformes, Family Psittaculidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
68 |
Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769);
Rose-ringed Parakeet |
LC |
IV |
|
F |
R |
|
69 |
Psittacula
cyanocephala (Linnaeus, 1766); Plum-headed Parakeet |
LC |
IV |
II |
F |
R |
|
70 |
Loriculus vernalis (Sparrman, 1787);
Vernal Hanging Parrot |
LC |
IV |
II |
F |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Pittidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
Pitta brachyura (Linnaeus, 1766);
Indian Pitta |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LM |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Campephagidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
72 |
Pericrocotus
cinnamomeus (Linnaeus, 1766); Small Minivet |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
73 |
Pericrocotus
flammeus (J.R. Forster, 1781); Orange Minivet |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
74 |
Coracina macei (R. Lesson, 1831);
Large Cuckooshrike |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
75 |
Lalage melanoptera (Rüppell, 1839);
Black-headed Cuckooshrike |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LM |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Oriolidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
76 |
Oriolus kundoo Sykes, 1832;
Indian Golden Oriole |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
LM |
|
77 |
Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus, 1766;
Black-naped Oriole |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
LD |
|
78 |
Oriolus xanthornus (Linnaeus, 1758);
Black-hooded Oriole |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Artamidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
79 |
Artamus fuscus Vieillot, 1817;
Ashy Woodswallow |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Vangidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
80 |
Tephrodornis
pondicerianus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789); Common Woodshrike |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Aegithinidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
81 |
Aegithina tiphia (Linnaeus, 1758);
Common Iora |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Dicruridae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
82 |
Dicrurus
macrocercus Vieillot, 1817; Black Drongo |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
83 |
Dicrurus
leucophaeus Vieillot, 1817; Ashy Drongo |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
LM |
|
84 |
Dicrurus aeneus Vieillot, 1817;
Bronzed Drongo |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
85 |
Dicrurus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1766);
Greater Racket-tailed Drongo |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Monarchidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
86 |
Hypothymis azurea (Boddaert, 1783);
Black-naped Monarch |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
87 |
Terpsiphone
paradisi (Linnaeus, 1758); Indian Paradise-flycatcher |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LM |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Laniidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
88 |
Lanius cristatus Linnaeus, 1758;
Brown Shrike |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
|
89 |
Lanius schach Linnaeus, 1758;
Long-tailed Shrike |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Corvidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
Dendrocitta
vagabunda (Latham, 1790); Rufous Treepie |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
91 |
Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817;
House Crow |
LC |
V |
|
O |
R |
|
92 |
Corvus
macrorhynchos Wagler, 1827; Large-billed Crow |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Alaudidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
93 |
Mirafra affinis Blyth, 1845;
Jerdon's Bushlark |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Cisticolidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
94 |
Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant, 1769);
Common Tailorbird |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
95 |
Prinia hodgsonii Blyth, 1844;
Grey-breasted Prinia |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
96 |
Prinia socialis Sykes, 1832; Ashy
Prinia |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
97 |
Prinia inornata Sykes, 1832; Plain
Prinia |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Acrocephalidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
98 |
Iduna rama (Sykes, 1832);
Sykes's Warbler |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
|
99 |
Acrocephalus
dumetorum Blyth, 1849; Blyth's Reed Warbler |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Hirundinidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758;
Barn Swallow |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LM |
|
101 |
Hirundo smithii Leach, 1818;
Wire-tailed Swallow |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
102 |
Cecropis daurica (Laxmann, 1769);
Red-rumped Swallow |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Pycnonotidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
103 |
Brachypodius
priocephalus (Jerdon, 1839); Grey-headed Bulbul* |
NT |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
104 |
Rubigula gularis (Gould, 1836);
Flame-throated Bulbul* |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
105 |
Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766);
Red-vented Bulbul |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
106 |
Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus, 1758);
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
107 |
Pycnonotus luteolus (Lesson, 1841);
White-browed Bulbul |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
108 |
Acritillas indica (Jerdon, 1839);
Yellow-browed Bulbul |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Phylloscopidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
109 |
Phylloscopus
affinis (Tickell, 1833); Tickell's Leaf Warbler |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LM |
|
110 |
Phylloscopus
nitidus Blyth, 1843; Green Warbler |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Timaliidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
111 |
Pomatorhinus
horsfieldii Sykes, 1832; Indian Scimitar Babbler |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Pellorneidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
112 |
Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson, 1832;
Puff-throated Babbler |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Leiothrichidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
113 |
Argya striata (Dumont, 1823);
Jungle Babbler |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
114 |
Argya affinis (Jerdon, 1845);
Yellow-billed Babbler |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
115 |
Argya subrufa (Jerdon, 1839);
Rufous Babbler* |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Sturnidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
116 |
Gracula indica (Cuvier, 1829);
Southern Hill Myna |
LC |
I |
|
O |
R |
|
117 |
Sturnia malabarica (J.F. Gmelin,
1789); Chestnut-tailed Starling |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
LM |
|
118 |
Sturnia blythii (Jerdon, 1845);
Malabar Starling* |
NE |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
119 |
Acridotheres
tristis (Linnaeus, 1766); Common Myna |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
120 |
Acridotheres fuscus (Wagler, 1827);
Jungle Myna |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Turdidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
121 |
Geokichla citrina (Latham, 1790);
Orange-headed Thrush |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
122 |
Turdus simillimus Jerdon, 1839;
Indian Blackbird |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
LM |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Muscicapidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
123 |
Muscicapa dauurica Pallas, 1811;
Asian Brown Flycatcher |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LM |
|
124 |
Muscicapa muttui (E.L. Layard,
1854); Brown-breasted Flycatcher |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
|
125 |
Copsychus fulicatus (Linnaeus, 1766);
Indian Robin |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
126 |
Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758);
Oriental Magpie Robin |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
127 |
Cyornis tickelliae Blyth, 1843;
Tickell's Blue Flycatcher |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
128 |
Myophonus
horsfieldii Vigors, 1831; Malabar Whistling Thrush |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
129 |
Saxicola caprata (Linnaeus, 1766);
Pied Bushchat |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Dicaeidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
130 |
Dicaeum agile (Tickell, 1833);
Thick-billed Flowerpecker |
LC |
IV |
|
N |
R |
|
131 |
Dicaeum
erythrorhynchos (Latham, 1790); Pale-billed Flowerpecker |
LC |
IV |
|
N |
R |
|
132 |
Dicaeum concolor Jerdon, 1840;
Nilgiri Flowerpecker* |
LC |
IV |
|
N |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Nectariniidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
133 |
Leptocoma zeylonica (Linnaeus, 1766);
Purple-rumped Sunbird |
LC |
IV |
|
N |
R |
|
134 |
Cinnyris asiaticus (Latham, 1790);
Purple Sunbird |
LC |
IV |
|
N |
R |
|
135 |
Cinnyris lotenius (Linnaeus, 1766);
Loten's Sunbird |
LC |
IV |
|
N |
R |
|
136 |
Arachnothera
longirostra (Latham, 1790); Little Spiderhunter |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Irenidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
137 |
Irena puella (Latham, 1790);
Asian Fairy-bluebird |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Chloropseidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
138 |
Chloropsis jerdoni (Blyth, 1844);
Jerdon's Leafbird |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
139 |
Chloropsis
aurifrons (Temminck, 1829); Golden-fronted Leafbird |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Estrildidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
140 |
Lonchura striata (Linnaeus, 1766);
White-rumped Munia |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
141 |
Lonchura kelaarti (Jerdon, 1863);
Black-throated Munia |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
142 |
Lonchura punctulata (Linnaeus, 1758);
Scaly-breasted Munia |
LC |
IV |
|
G |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Passeridae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
143 |
Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758);
House Sparrow |
LC |
IV |
|
O |
R |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Motacillidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
144 |
Motacilla cinerea Tunstall, 1771;
Grey Wagtail |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LM |
|
145 |
Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758;
Western Yellow Wagtail |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
|
146 |
Motacilla
maderaspatensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789; White-browed Wagtail |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
147 |
Motacilla alba Linnaeus, 1758;
White Wagtail |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
|
148 |
Anthus rufulus Vieillot, 1818;
Paddyfield Pipit |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
R |
|
149 |
Anthus godlewskii (Taczanowski,
1876); Blyth's Pipit |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
|
|
Order
Passeriformes, Family Emberizidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 |
Emberiza buchanani Blyth, 1845;
Grey-necked Bunting |
LC |
IV |
|
I |
LD |
LC—Least Concern |
NT—Near Threatened | NE—Not Evaluated | C—Carnivorous | F—Frugivorous |
G—Granivorous | I—Insectivorous | N—Nectivorous | O—Omnivorous | *—Endemic to
Western Ghats | R—Resident | LD—Migratory long distance | LM—Local migratory.
For figures &
images - - click here for full PDF
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