A new species of
centipede of the genus Cryptops Leach (Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae)
from southern Western Ghats with a key to the species
of Cryptops in India
Dhanya Balan 1, P.M. Sureshan2 & Vinod Khanna3
1,2 Western Ghat Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Calicut, Kerala 673006, India
3 SaiDrishti, 151, AshokVihar, Salawala,Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand 248001,India
Email: 1 dhanyamkrishna@gmail.com (corresponding
author), 2 pmsuresh43@yahoo.com,3 drvkhanna51@gmail.com
Date
of publication (online): 26 April 2012
Date
of publication (print): 26 April 2012
ISSN
0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print)
Editor: Gregory D.
Edgecombe
Manuscript
details:
Ms
# o3035
Received
14 December 2011
Final
received 06 February 2012
Finally
accepted 30 March 2012
Citation: Balan, D., P.M. Sureshan & V.Khanna (2012). A new species of centipede of the
genus Cryptops Leach (Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae)
from southern Western Ghats with a key to the species of Cryptops in India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(4):
2510–2514.
Copyright: © Dhanya Balan, P.M. Sureshan & Vinod Khanna 2012. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use of this article in any medium for non-profit purposes,
reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and
the source of publication.
Acknowledgement: We are grateful to Dr.
K. Venkataraman, Director, Zoological Survey of
India, Kolkata and C. Radhakrishnan,
Officer-in-Charge, Western Ghat Regional Centre,
Zoological Survey of India, Calicut for providing
facilities and encouragement. DB is grateful to Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Govt. of India for awarding the Junior Research Fellowship and to Dr.
John Lewis, UK, for the timely help and advice on matters of taxonomy,
assistance with the literature and for useful comments on the manuscript. DB is
also thankful to Dr. S. Shankar, Senior Scientist, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi,Kerala for guidance on
matters concerned with the studies in soil ecology. We are grateful to PCCF, KeralaForest and Wildlife Department for the study permission and Staff, Malabar
Wildlife Sanctuary for their encouragement and support during the study. Thanks
are also due to Mr. P.K. Umesh, Mr. K.C. Harish and Mr. R.A. Aswanth for
assistance rendered during the field trips.
Abstract:A new species of blind cryptopid centipede of the
genus Cryptops Leach belonging to the hortensis group viz. Cryptops (C.) malabarensisis described from the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India and the family Cryptopidae (Scolopendromorpha)
is reported for the first time from the area. Affinities of the new species with a Madagascar species are discussed
and a key to separate the Indian species of Cryptopsis also provided.
Keywords: Chilopoda, Cryptopidae, Cryptops malabarensis sp. nov, key, new
species, Scolopendromorpha, southern Western Ghats.
For
figures, images, tables -- click here
The Western Ghats in
India, with its very diverse assemblage of flora and fauna is one of the
hotspots of biodiversity (Myerset al. 2000). With a few exceptions, the invertebrate fauna
of the Western Ghats has been inadequately studied
both in terms of their diversity and conservation priorities (Kunte in press). Though an integral part of the soil ecosystems, the fauna of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda:Scolopendromorpha) of the Western Ghatsis still little known except for the pioneering works by Attems(1930), Jangi & Dass(1984), Yadav (1993) and Sureshanet al. (2006). A perusal of the
literature reveals the occurrence of 40 species of scolopendridcentipedes belonging to eight genera and two families in the Western Ghats. Like the
families Plutoniumidae and Scolopocryptopidaeand the order Geophilomorpha, the family Cryptopidae are blind centipedes, lacking ocelli. Cryptops Leach,
1815, is the largest genus of the family Cryptopidae,
with 153 named species worldwide (Lewis 2002), in four subgenera i.e., C. (Cryptops) Leach, 1815; C. (Chromatonops) Verhoeff,
1906; C. (Haplocryptops) Verhoeff, 1934 and C.(Trigonocryptops)Verhoeff, 1906 (Bonato et
al. 2011). The smaller size and fragile
body, coupled with an abundance of species names, often founded on inadequate
samples and with imprecise descriptions, make cryptopidcentipedes a taxonomically difficult group and only seven species in two genera
have so far been described from India. The Indian species of Cryptops are Cryptops (C.) feae Pocock, 1891, Cryptops (C.) doriae Pocock, 1891, Cryptops (C.) kempi Silvestri, 1924, Cryptops (C.) setosior Chamberlin, 1959
and Cryptops(Trigonocryptops)orientalis Jangi, 1955 (Khanna 2005, 2008).
Materials
and Methods
During the faunal
exploration surveys, interesting specimens of cryptopidswere collected from the forested tracts of southern Western Ghatsand its foot-hills (Fig. 1). The
collections represent the first record of the family Cryptopidaefrom the area and permit the description of a new species of Cryptops. The new species shows very close affinity
with C. decoratusLawrence, 1960, which has its distribution in Madagascar (holotype),
Mauritius (Lewis 2002), and the Seychelles (Lewis 2007). The specimens are deposited in the Zoological
Survey of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Calicut (ZSIC), Kerala,
India.
Digital imaging was
carried out using a Leica M205A stereomicroscope and
a Leica DFC-500 digital camera. Scanning electron micrographs were captured
with a Jeol JCM-5000 Neoscopebench-top SEM. The terminology used by Bonato et al.
(2010) is followed in this paper.
Cryptops (Cryptops) malabarensis sp. nov.
(Figs.
2-3 and Images 1–5)
Material
examined
Holotype: 01.viii.2011, 11032’40.59”N &
75055’33.40”E, elevation 641.2m, Urakkuzhy,Kakkayam, Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India, coll. Dhanya Balan, (ZSI/WGRC/I-R/INV 2111) (Images 1–5).
Paratypes:29.viii.2011,
three specimens, from type locality, coll. Dhanya Balan (ZSI/WGRC/I-R/INV 2080, 2108, 2109); 01.iv.2011 two
specimens, 11030’26.98”N
& 75048’24”E, elevation 145m, Narayamkulam,Calicut District, Kerala,
India, coll. P.K. Umesh (ZSI/WGRC/I-R/INV
2079).
Diagnosis:A
species of Cryptopslacking anterior transverse suture on Tergite-1; tergite paramedian sutures from tergite4 or 5–20; absence of saw teeth on the ultimate femur (C. hortensis group); ultimate leg
tibia with 4–7 saw teeth on the tibia and 3–4 on tarsus one; no accessory spurs
associated with the tarsal claw.
Description
of holotype
Body
length 23mm. Colour (before and after
preservation) greyish-brown with dark subcutaneous pigment on tergites. Ultimate legs yellow.
Antennae composed of
17 articles; basal two articles relatively stout with long setae distally. An irregular whorl of long setae on the
proximal end of articles 1–3, the rest with setae scattered irregularly, not in
whorls but the dorsal middle region is not densely covered. Short, fine setae abundant from 6tharticle onwards (Images 4 & 5).
Cephalic
plate and tergite one without sutures, tergite one overlying the posterior edge of the cephalic
plate (Fig. 2). Anterior edge of forcipular coxosternite weakly bilobed (Image 1) and with four long and one small setae on
each side. Tergite paramedian sutures from tergite4 or 5–20. Tergite 21 without sutures and with
slightly angular posterior margin. Sternites with longitudinal and transverse sulci,
longitudinal sulci longer than the transverse (Fig.
3). Sternite 21 with sides converging
very slightly and straight posterior margin (Images 2 & 8). Legs 1–19 with undivided
tarsi. No accessory spurs associated with the tarsal claw (Image 9).
Coxopleuronwith nine large pores and with at least three minute setae in porefield; three or four fine setae on posterior margin andupto five between this and porefield. Posterior area of coxopleuronis poreless.
Leg
20 with dense fine setae ventrally on prefemur, femur and tibia in all specimens. Ultimate legs with strong
setae on anterior, ventral and posterior surfaces of prefemurand on ventral and posterior surfaces of femur. Median longitudinal glabrous area absent. No distal tubercle on tibia and tarsus. No
saw tooth on the femur (Image 4); seven on the tibia and three on the tarsus 1
(Image 3).
Additional
information from paratypes
Body length of paratypes varies between 11–21 mm. Antennae of leftside is damaged in 2079. When compared to the holotype,
the number of saw teeth on the ultimate leg tibia varies from four (2079), five
(2080) or six (2108, 2109) and on tarsus 1 the variation is either three (2080,
2108, 2109) or four (2079) saw teeth. The number of coxopleural pores
are not clearly countable.
Etymology
The species is named
after the type locality “Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary”, Kerala,
India.
Ecological observations
Habitat: The specimens were collected
from moist deciduous forest tracts of southern Western Ghats. All specimens were found in loose soil, about
4–5 cm below the surface. Ecological
parameters of the two collection localities during the period of March–April
2011 are provided in Table 1.
Discussion
Cryptops malabarensissp. nov. isconspicuously different from the other described Indian species of Cryptops included
in the C. doriaegroup (having saw teeth on the ultimate leg femur); and falls in the Old World C. hortensisgroup of Lewis (2011) (those lacking saw teeth on the ultimate leg femur), which
have not yet been reported from India. C.malabarensis sp. nov. closely resembles C. decoratus Lawrence
(1960), which is also a member of the Old World C. hortensis group. The two species share the absence of sutures
on the cephalic plate and tergite one; anterior
margin of coxosternite almost straight, an
overlapping number of coxopleural pores (7–9), a
similar number of setae in the porefield (at least
three) and ultimate leg characters such as prefemurwith long fine setae dorsally, absence of a median longitudinal glabrous area, tibia with four and tarsus 1 with two saw
teeth. However the new species differs
from the holotype description of C. decoratus, in having no median ridges
on the tergites, no posterior median depression on tergite 21 and the absence of accessory spurs on the pretarsi. C. decoratusis a Malagasy species closely related to C.melanotypus Chamberlin,
1941 from the Philippines, Mauritius and the Seychelles but Lewis (2011) was
unsure of their exact status. However,
the strong similarity between the new species and C. decoratus and C. melanotypus suggests dispersal of a
group of closely allied species over a wide area.
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