Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2022 | 14(6): 21266–21281

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7360.14.6.21266-21281

#7360 | Received 24 October 2021 | Final received 03 May 2022 | Finally accepted 15 May 2022

A checklist of herpetofauna of Telangana state, India

Chelmala Srinivasulu ¹ & Gandla Chethan Kumar ²

¹ Natural History Museum and Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Lab, Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India.

^1,2 Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Studies, Osmania University, Hyderabad , Telangana 500007, India.

¹ Systematics, Ecology & Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization, No. 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India.

¹ chelmala.srinivasulu@osmania.ac.in (corresponding author), ² g.chethankumar@gmail.com

Editor: S.R. Ganesh, Chennai Snake Park, Chennai, India. Date of publication: 26 June 2022 (online & print)

Citation: Srinivasulu, C. & G.C. Kumar (2022). A checklist of herpetofauna of Telangana state, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 14(6): 21266–21281. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7360.14.6.21266-21281

Copyright: © Srinivasulu & Kumar 2022. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.

Funding: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi and RUSA 2.0 project of MHRD, Govt. of India.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Author details: Chelmala Srinivasulu is the head of Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, India and is working on the diversity and taxonomy of vertebrates in South Asia. Gandla Chethan Kumar is a Post Doctoral Fellow at Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Studies, Osmania University, India and is working on documenting herpetofaunal diversity and taxonomy of gekkonids in peninsular India.

Author contributions: Both the authors contributed equally to the study, compilation and initial drafting, and CS lead the work and wrote the final manuscript.

Acknowledgements: CS acknowledges the head, Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad for providing facilities. Research funding from MHRD-RUSA 2.0 project is also acknowledged. We are also thankful all our herpetologist friends and colleagues to have helped us in compiling this checklist and also to have contributed their photographs.

Abstract: A checklist of herpetofauna of Telangana, India including accepted English name, scientific name along with authority, Telugu and vernacular name, IUCN, Indian Wildlife Protection Act and CITES status, and endemicity is presented in this paper. The herpetofauna diversity of Telangana is represented by 98 species including 16 species of amphibians belonging to four families, one species of crocodile, six species of testudines, 35 species of saurians and 40 species of snakes. Three species—Hemidactylus flavicaudus, H. xericolus, and H. aemulus—are endemic to Telangana.

Keywords: Amphibia, Crocodylia, Ophidia, Reptilia, Sauria, Squamata, Testudines.

Introduction

The herpetofaunal diversity of Telangana is in the process of being documented (Khartade et al. 2019; Dinesh et al. 2021; Narayana & Bharat 2021) and due to unavailability of a comprehensive database many doubtful species are finding place in various checklists being published from time to time. Through this short communication we aim to provide a checklist of amphibian and reptilian species currently known from Telangana published literature and personal observations.

Telangana State (15.835–19.917 ^ON, 77.238–81.307 ^OE; 150–900 m), located in the Deccan Plateau in the south central part of peninsular India, was part of the erstwhile united Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014). Before that it contributed to the major land area of the Hyderabad State (1948–1956) and the state of Hyderabad (1724–1948). It encompasses an area of 1,22,077 km². Two major rivers, Godavari and Krishna, along with their major and minor tributaries flow through the state (Prasad & Srinivasulu 2021).

Earlier known works on amphibians and reptiles of the region roughly corresponding to present day Telangana State include the historical works that documented list of herpetofauna in Madras Presidency, Bombay Presidency, and Central Provinces. Stoliczka (1871, 1872) described a species of leaf-toed gecko based on specimens collected by W.T. Blanford from Godavari River basin near Bhadrachalam (in erstwhile Madras Presidency).

Predominant works in Telangana region of erstwhile united ‘Andhra Pradesh’ include that of Sharma (1969, 1971), Sanyal et al. (1993), Sarkar et al. (1993), Chanda (2002), Srinivasulu (2003), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2010, 2012a,b, 2013a,b), Rao et al. (2005), Srinivasulu et al. (2006, 2009, 2011), Srinivasulu & Das (2008), Seetharamaraju et al. (2008, 2011), Mahony (2009), Datta-Roy et al. (2012), Seetharamaraju & Srinivasulu (2013), and Narayana et al. (2014).

Other works published after the formation of Telangana State include those of Srinivasulu et al. (2014, 2016), Visvanathan (2015), Seetharamaraju (2015), Kumar & Srinivasulu (2015), Kumar et al. (2015, 2017a,b, 2022), Visvanathan et al. (2017), Srinivasulu (2017), Mirza et al. (2017), Narayana et al. (2017, 2018), Kumar (2018), Mohan et al. (2018), Prasad et al. (2018), Anne & Visvanathan (2018), Seetharamaraju et al. (2019), Ganesh et al. (2020), Lajmi et al. (2020), Narayana & Sandeep (2021), and Choure et al. (2021).

Four species of geckoes—Hemidactylus treutleri Mahony, 2009; H. flavicaudus Lajmi et al., 2020; H. xericolus Lajmi et al., 2020; and H. aemulus Kumar et al., 2022—were described from Telangana. Mahony (2009) described Treutler’s Gecko H. treutleri based on type specimens collected from Golconda fort, Hyderabad; Lajmi et al. (2020) described H. flavicaudus and H. xericolus based on types collected from Guddeguda, Mahbubnagar district, and Marriguda, Nalgonda district, respectively; while Kumar et al. (2022) described H. aemulus from Chandanapalli and Chaya Someshwara Temple, Nalgonda District.

In recent years, attempts to document the herpetofauna diversity of Telangana were done by Khartade et al. (2019), Dinesh et al. (2021), and Narayana & Bharath (2021). The present work updates the information on taxonomy and reports species missed in the earlier literature.

Methods

For the present checklist, we researched and critically analysed all published (both peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed) literature, online databases (including iNaturalist, India Biodiversity Portal, HerpMapper) and also relied on field surveys conducted since 1995 in various parts of Telangana State (Srinivasulu 2003; Srinivasulu et al. 2006, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2016; Seetharamaraju et al. 2008, 2011, 2019; Srinivasulu & Das 2008; Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu 2010; Seetharamaraju & Srinivasulu 2013; Kumar & Srinivasulu 2015; Kumar et al. 2015, 2017a,b; Seetharamaraju 2015; Kumar 2018). We confirmed the species identities by consulting standard references (Daniel 2002; Das 2002; Whitaker & Captain 2004), incorporating further updates by more recent literature (Deepak et al. 2016, 2018, 2021; Lajmi et al. 2016; Ganesh et al. 2017; Mirza & Patel 2018; Pal et al. 2018; Mallik et al. 2020, 2021; Bisht et al. 2021; Gowande et al. 2021; Bandara et al. 2022). We have also provided explanation for deletion of the taxa earlier reported in literature, and appeal to future workers to collect voucher specimens or photographs to report additions to the herpetofauna diversity of Telangana.

Results and Discussion

In this checklist, 98 species of herpetofauna including 17 species of amphibians and 81 species of reptiles are listed (Table 1; Images 1 to 72) as being present in Telangana. The amphibian diversity is represented by four species belonging to family Bufonidae, six species to Microhylidae, five species to Dicroglossidae, and one species to Rhacophoridae. The reptilian diversity is represented by one species belonging to one family Crocodylidae in order Crocodylia, six species in three families: Testudinidae, Geomydidae & Trionychidae, in order Testudines, 72 species in 15 families in order Squamata. Among the squamates, 33 species belonging to six families are saurids, while 39 species belonging to nine families are serpents.

Among the amphibians, two species are endemic to India (with one to peninsular India), 11 species endemic to South Asia (one species from India and Sri Lanka, rest from more than two countries in South Asia). Among the reptiles, three species of reptiles (Hemidactylus flavicaudus Lajmi, Giri, Singh & Agarwal, 2020; H. xericolus Lajmi, Giri, Singh & Agarwal, 2020; and H. aemulus Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2022) are endemic to Telangana State, 27 species are endemic to India (with 19 from peninsular India), 26 species endemic to southern Asia (seven species from at least two countries, five species from three countries, and rest from more than three countries in southern Asia). One species of snake, the Ornate Flying Snake Chrysopelea ornata, was discovered in a timber depot in Hyderabad in July 2017 and is thought to have been inadvertently transported to the urban ecosystem by a timber truck.

As per the IUCN Red List database, the amphibian diversity of Telangana includes 14 Least Concern species, one species—Duttaphrynus hololius—as Data Deficient, and one species—Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis—is Not Evaluated. Amongst the reptiles, five species—Crocodylus palustris, Geochelone elegans, Nilssonia gangetica, N. leithii, and Eutropis ashwamedhi—are listed as Vulnerable. Two species—Melanochelys trijuga and Eutropis nagarjunensis—are Near Threatened, while one species—Platyceps bholanathi—is Data Deficient. As many as 26 species are of Least Concern, and 44 species are yet to be evaluated.

Among amphibians, only two species—Hoplobatrachus crassus and H. tigerinus—are included in Schedule IV of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The latter species is also included in Appendix III of CITES. Among reptiles, six species are included in Schedule I, six species are included in Schedule II, and 35 species are included in Schedule IV of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. As many as 18 species are included in CITES list—five species in Appendix I, 10 species in Appendix II, and three species in Appendix III.

While compiling this list we have detected 10 species that have been included in earlier lists that we have removed due to taxonomic reasons and/or distribution mismatch (Table 2). Furthermore, we have not included two species—Minervarya syhadrensis Annandale, 1919 and Microhyla nilpharmariensis Howlader, Nair, Gopalan & Merilä, 2015—included in the recent lists by Dinesh et al. (2021), and Narayana & Bharath (2021) due to lack of voucher specimen-based record of the presence of the species in Telangana. These works included those taxa that are considered to have wide distribution range according to Garg et al. (2018) and Phuge et al. (2020).

Table 1. Checklist of herpetofauna of Telangana State, India.

	English name	Species	Authority	Telugu name	Vernacular name	IUCN	IWPA	CITES
I. Order Anura
1. Family Bufonidae
1	Asian Common Toad	Duttaphrynus melanostictus	(Schneider, 1799)	సామాన్య కప్ప	Samanya Kappa	LC	-	-
2	Schneider's Toad^1	Duttaphrynus scaber ^IN,SL	(Schneider, 1799)	స్కనైడర్స కప్ప	Schneiders Kappa	LC	-	-
3	Deccan Toad	Duttaphrynus peninsularis	(Rao, 1920)	పాలరాతి కప్ప	Palarati Kappa	LC	-	-
4	Günther’s Toad^2	Duttaphrynus hololius ^PI	(Günther, 1876)	గుంతర్స కప్ప	Gunthers Kappa	DD	-	-
2. Family Dicroglossidae
5	Indian Skipper Frog	Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis	(Schneider, 1799)	ఛేరువు కప్ప	Cheruvu Kappa	NE	-	-
6	Orissa Cricket Frog^3	Fejervarya orissaensis ^SA	(Dutta, 1997)	ఓడిషా వరి సేను కప్ప	Odisha Vari Senu Kappa	LC	-	-
7	Common Indian Cricket Frog	Minervarya agricola ^SA	(Jerdon, 1853)	సామాన్య క్రికెట్ కప్ప	Samanya Cricket Kappa	LC	-	-
8	Jerdon's Bullfrog	Hoplobatrachus crassus ^SA	(Jerdon, 1854)	జరడన్స కప్ప	Jerdon’s Kappa	LC	Sch. IV	-
9	Indian Bullfrog	Hoplobatrachus tigerinus ^SA	(Daudin, 1803)	గందరు కప్ప	Gandru Kappa	LC	Sch. IV	App. II
10	Indian Burrowing Frog	Sphaerotheca breviceps ^SA	(Schneider, 1799)	బొరియలు కప్ప	Boriyalu Kappa	LC	-	-
3. Family Microhylidae
11	Ornate Narrow-mouth Frog	Microhyla ornata ^SA	(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)	అలంకృత చిన్న కప్ప	Alankrita Chinna Kappa	LC	-	-
12	Red Narrow-mouth Frog	Microhyla rubra ^IN	(Jerdon, 1854)	ఏరుపు ఛిన్న కప్ప	Erupu Chinna Kappa	LC	-	-
13	Sri Lankan Painted Frog	Uperodon taprobanicus ^SA	(Parker, 1934)	చిత్రించిన గలిబుడుగా కప్ప	Chitrinchina Galibuduga Kappa	LC	-	-
14	Variegated Ramanella	Uperodon variegatus ^SA	(Stoliczka, 1872)	రంగురంగుల గలిబుడుగా కప్ప	Rangurangula Galibuduga Kappa	LC	-	-
15	Indian Balloon Frog	Uperodon globulosus ^SA	(Günther, 1864)	సామాన్య గలిబుడుగా కప్ప	Samanya Galibuduga Kappa	LC	-	-
16	Marbled Balloon Frog	Uperodon systoma ^SA	(Schneider, 1799)	పాలరాతి గలిబుడుగా కప్ప	Palarati Galibuduga Kappa	LC	-	-
4. Family Rhacophoridae
17	Indian Tree Frog	Polypedates maculatus ^SA	(Gray, 1830)	సున్నం కప్ప	Sunnam Kappa	LC	-	-
II. Order Crocodylia
1. Family Crocodylidae
18	Mugger Crocodile	Crocodylus palustris	Lesson, 1831	మొసలి	Mosali	VU	Sch. I (Part II)	App. I
III. Order Testudines
1. Family Testudinidae
19	Indian Star Tortoise	Geochelone elegans ^IN,SL	(Schoepff, 1795)	నక్షత్ర తాబేలు	Nakshatra Tabelu	VU	Sch. IV	App. I
2. Family Geomydidae
20	Indian Tent Turtle	Pangshura tentoria ^BD,IN	(Gray, 1834)	సామాన్య డేరా తాబేలు	Samanya Dera Tabelu	LC	Sch. IV	App. II
21	Indian Black Turtle	Melanochelys trijuga	(Schweigger, 1812)	నియే తాబేలు	Nuiye Tabelu	NT	Sch. IV	App. II
3. Family Trionychidae
22	Indian Flap-shelled Turtle	Lissemys punctata ^SA	(Bonnaterre, 1789)	రెక్క-చిప్ప తాబేలు	Rekka-chippa Tabelu	LC	Sch. I (Part II)	App. II
23	Ganges Soft-shelled Turtle^4	Nilssonia gangetica ^BD,IN,PK	(Cuvier, 1825)	గంగమ్మ మెత్తని-చిప్ప తాబేలు	Gangamma Mettani-chippa Tabelu	VU	Sch. I (Part II)	App. I
24	Leith’s Soft-shelled Turtle^5	Nilssonia leithii ^IN	(Gray, 1872)	లేతస్ మెత్తని-చిప్ప తాబేలు	Leiths Mettani-chippa Tabelu	VU	Sch. IV	App. II
IV. Order Squamata
Sauria (Lacertilia)
1. Family Agamidae
25	Forest Calotes^6	Monilesaurus cf. rouxii ^IN	Dumeril & Bibron, 1837	అడవి తొండ	Adavi Thonda	LC	-	-
26	Common Garden Lizard	Calotes vultuosus	(Harlan, 1825)	సామాన్య తొండ	Samanya Thonda	NE	-	-
27	Blanford’s Rock Agama	Psammophilus blanfordanus ^IN	(Stoliczka, 1871)	చిన్న పోలీస్ తొండ	Chinna Polees Thonda	LC	-	-
28	Peninsular Rock Agama	Psammophilus dorsalis ^PI	(Gray, 1831)	పోలీస్ తొండ	Polees Thonda	LC	-	-
29	Spiny-headed Fan-throated Lizard	Sitana spinaecephalus ^IN	Deepak, Vyas & Giri, 2016	సీతమ్మ తొండ	Sitamma Thonda	NE	-	-
30	Nagarjunasagar Fan-throated Lizard^7	Sitana thondalu ^AP,TS	Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya & Karanth, 2018	నాగార్జునసాగర్ తొండ	Nagarjunasagar Thonda	NE
2. Family Chamaeleonidae
31	Indian Chameleon	Chamaeleo zeylanicus ^IN, SL	Laurenti, 1768	ఊసరవల్లి	Ursaravalli	LC	Sch. II (Part I)	App. II
3. Family Gekkonidae
32	Emulous leaf-toed gecko	Hemidactylus aemulus ^TS	Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2022	ఏములుస్ రాతి బల్లి	Emulus Rathi Balli	NE	-	-
33	Mahbubnagar Yellow-tailed Brookish Gecko	Hemidactylus flavicaudus ^TS	Lajmi, Giri, Singh & Agarwal, 2020	మహబూబ్నగర్ పశపుతోకగల బల్లి	Mahbubnagar Pasuputhokagala Balli	NE	-	-
34	Yellow-bellied House Gecko	Hemidactylus flaviviridis	Rüppell, 1835	పసుపురంగు ఇంటి బల్లి	Pasupurangu Inti Balli	NE	-	-
35	Common House Gecko	Hemidactylus frenatus	Duméril & Bibron, 1836	సామాన్య ఇంటి బల్లి	Samanya Inti Balli	LC	-	-
36	Giant Leaf-toed Gecko	Hemidactylus giganteus ^PI	Stoliczka, 1871	పేద్ద రాతి బల్లి	Pedda Rathi Balli	LC	-	-
37	Gleadow’s House Gecko	Hemidactylus cf. gleadowi ^IN,PK	Murray, 1884	గలేడోస్ బల్లి	Gleadows Balli	NE	-	-
38	Graceful Leaf-toed Gecko	Hemidactylus gracilis ^IN	Blanford, 1870	అందమైయాన బల్లి	Andamaiyana Balli	LC	-	-
39	Kanger Valley Rock Gecko^8	Hemidactylus kangerensis ^CG,TS	Mirza, Bhosale & Patil, 2017	కాంగెర్ లోయ బల్లి	Kanger Loya Balli	NE	-	-
40	Leschenault’s Leaf-toed Gecko	Hemidactylus leschenaultii	Duméril & Bibron, 1836	లేసేనాలటస్ బల్లి	Leschenaults Balli	NE	-	-
41	Murray's House Gecko	Hemidactylus murrayi	Gleadow, 1887	ముర్రేస్ బల్లి	Murrays Balli	NE	-	-
42	Spotted House Gecko	Hemidactylus parvimaculatus	Deraniyagala, 1953	చుక్కల బల్లి	Chukala Balli	NE	-	-
43	Reticulated Leaf-toed Gecko^9	Hemidactylus reticulatus ^PI	Beddome, 1870	సన్న-చారల బల్లి	Sana-Charala Balli	LC	-	-
44	Saxatile Leaf-toed Gecko	Hemidactylus saxicolus ^TS,KAR	Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2022	సాక్షాటయిలే రాతి బల్లి	Saxatile Rathi Balli	NE	-	-
45	Treutler’s Gecko	Hemidactylus treutleri ^PI	Mahony, 2009	త్రుతలర్స బల్లి	Treutlers Balli	LC	-	-
46	Termite Hill Gecko	Hemidactylus triedrus ^IN,PK,SL	(Daudin, 1802)	చెడ్డలపుట్ట బల్లి	Chedalaputta Balli	NE	-	-
47	Nalgonda Yellow-tailed Brookish Gecko	Hemidactylus xericolus ^TS	Lajmi, Giri, Singh & Agarwal, 2020	నాలగొండ పశపుతోకగల బల్లి	Nalgonda Pasuputhokagala Balli	NE
4. Family Lacertidae
48	Leschenault’s Snake-eyed Lizard	Ophisops leschenaultii ^IN,SL	(Milne-Edwards, 1829)	లేసేనాలటస్ పాము-కనులా బల్లి	Leschenaults Pamu-kanula Balli	LC	-	-
49	Jerdon's Snake-eye Lizard^10	Ophisops jerdonii ^AF,IN,PK	Blyth, 1853	జరడన్స పాము-కనులా బల్లి	Jerdons Pamu-kanula Balli	LC	-	-
50	Lesser Snake-eyed Lizard^11	Ophisops nictans ^IN,SL	Arnold, 1989	చిన్న పాము-కనులా బల్లి	Chinna Pamu-kanula Balli	NE	-	-
5. Family Scincidae
51	White-spotted Supple Skink	Riopa albopunctata	Gray, 1846	తెళ-మచ్చలా నలికిరీ	Tella-machhala Nalikiri	NE	-	-
52	Günther’s Writhing Skink^12	Riopa guentheri ^PI	(Peters, 1879)	గుంతర్స నలికిరీ	Gunthers Nalikiri	LC	-	-
53	Common Spotted Supple Skink	Riopa punctata	(Linnaeus, 1758)	నలికిరీ	Nalikiri	NE	-	-
54	Allapalli Skink^13	Eutropis allapallensis ^PI	(Schmidt, 1926)	ఆళ్లపల్లి పాలపిందె	Allapally Palapinde	LC	-	-
55	Ashwamedha Scrub Forest Skink^14	Eutropis ashwamedhi ^AP,TS	(Sharma, 1969)	ఆశ్వమేధుని పాలపిందె	Ashwamedhuni Palapinde	VU	-	-
56	Common Grass Skink	Eutropis carinata ^SA	(Schneider, 1801)	పాలపిందె	Palapinde	LC	-	-
57	Bronze Skink	Eutropis macularia	(Blyth, 1853)	మచ్చమచ్చల పాలపిందె	Machamachala Palapinde	NE	-	-
58	Nagarjunasagar Grass Skink^15	Eutropis nagarjunensis ^AP,TS	(Sharma, 1969)	నాగార్జునసాగర్ పాలపిందె	Nagarjunasagar Palapinde	NT	-	-
6. Family Varanidae
59	Common Monitor Lizard	Varanus bengalensis	(Daudin, 1802)	వుదుము	Vudumu	LC	Sch. I (Part II)	App. I
Ophidia (Serpentes)
7. Family Typhlophidae
60	Beaked Worm Snake	Grypotyphlops acutus ^PI	(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)	ఎద్ధూముక్కూ పాము	Eddhumukku Paamu	LC	Sch. IV	-
61	Brahminy Worm Snake	Indotyphlops braminus	(Daudin, 1803)	గుడ్డి పాము	Guddi Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
8. Family Pythonidae
62	Indian Rock Python	Python molurus ^SA	(Linnaeus, 1758)	కొండచిలువ	Konda Chiluva	NE	Sch. I (Part II)	App. I
9. Family Boidae
63	Common Sand Boa	Eryx conicus ^SA	(Schneider, 1801)	మట్టి పాము	Matti Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	App. II
64	Red Sand Boa	Eryx johnii	(Russell, 1801)	రెండుముతుల పాము	Rendumoothula Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	App. II
10. Family Colubridae
65	Indian Vine Snake	Ahaetulla oxyrhynca ^IN	(Bell, 1825)	పసరిక	Pasarika	NE	Sch. IV	-
66	Yellow-green Cat Snake^16	Boiga flaviviridis ^IN	Vogel & Ganesh, 2013	పసుపుపచ్చ పిల్లి-కన్ను పాము	Pasupupaccha Pilli-kannu Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
67	Forsten's Cat Snake^17	Boiga forsteni ^IN,SL	(Duméril et al., 1854)	ఫోరసటెన్ పిల్లి-కన్ను పాము	Forsten Pilli-kannu Paamu	LC	Sch. IV	-
68	Common Cat Snake	Boiga trigonata	(Schneider, 1802)	సామాన్య పిల్లి-కన్ను పాము	Samanya Pilli-kannu Paamu	LC	Sch. IV	-
69	Indian Egg-eating Snake^18	Boiga westermanni ^BD,IN,NP	(Reinhardt, 1863)	గుడ్డు-తినె పాము	Guddu-thine Paamu	NE	Sch. I (Part II)	App. II
70	Common Trinket Snake	Coelognathus helena ^SA	(Daudin, 1803)	మెగారేకుల పొద	Megarekula Poda	NE	Sch. IV	-
71	Indian Smooth Snake^19	Wallophis brachyurus ^IN	(Günther, 1866)	మెత్తని పాము	Mettani Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
72	Common Bronzeback Snake	Dendrelaphis tristis ^SA	(Daudin, 1803)	చెత్తరీక	Chettirika	NE	Sch. IV	-
73	Slender Wolf Snake^20	Lycodon fasciolatus ^SA	(Shaw, 1802)	సన్న కట్ల పాము	Sanna Katla Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
74	Common Wolf Snake	Lycodon aulicus	(Linnaeus, 1758)	చిన్న కట్ల పాము	Chinna Katla Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
75	Yellow-collared Wolf Snake^21	Lycodon flavicollis ^PI	Mukherjee & Bhupathy, 2007	పసుపు మేడ చిన్న కట్ల పాము	Pasupumeda Chinna Katla Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
76	Yellow-spotted Wolf Snake^22	Lycodon flavomaculatus ^PI	Wall, 1907	పసుపుమచ్చల చిన్న కట్ల పాము	Pasupumachala Chinna Katla Paamu	LC	Sch. IV	-
77	Bridal Snake^23	Lycodon nympha ^IN,SL	(Daudin, 1803)	వనదేవత పాము	Vanadevatha Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
78	Barred Wolf Snake	Lycodon striatus	(Shaw, 1802)	చారల కట్ల పాము	Charala Kalta Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
79	Streaked Kukri Snake	Oligodon taeniolatus	(Jerdon, 1853)	సామాన్య కుకరీ పాము	Chinna Kukri Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
80	Russell’s Kukri Snake^24	Oligodon russellius ^IN	(Daudin, 1803)	రసెల్'స కుకరీ పాము	Russells Kukri Paamu	LC	Sch. IV	-
81	Nagarjunsagar Racer^25	Platyceps bholanathi ^PI	(Sharma, 1976)	నాగార్జునసాగర్ పాము	Nagarjunasagar Paamu	DD	Sch. IV	-
82	Banded Racer	Platyceps plinii ^SA	(Merrem, 1820)	శ్వేత నాగు	Shwetha Naagu	NE	Sch. IV	-
83	Indian Rat Snake	Ptyas mucosa	(Linnaeus, 1758)	జెర్రిగొద్దు	Jerri Goddu	NE	Sch. II (Part II)	App. II
84	Dumeril’s Black-headed Snake^26	Sibynophis subpunctatus ^BD,IN,SL	(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)	చిన్న నలాతల పాము	Chinna Nalathala Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
11. Family Natricidae
85	Buff-striped Keelback	Amphiesma stolatum	(Linnaeus, 1758)	వాన కోయిలా	Vaana Koyila	NE	Sch. IV	-
86	Olive Keelback^27	Atretium schistosum ^SA	(Daudin, 1803)	వాన పాము	Vaana Paamu	LC	Sch. II (Part II)	App. III
87	Checkered Keelback	Fowlea piscator	(Schneider, 1799)	నీరుకట్టే పాము	Neerukatte Paamu	NE	Sch. II (Part II)	App. III
88	Green Keelback	Rhabdophis plumbicolor	(Cantor, 1839)	వనప పాము	Vanapa Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
12. Family Psammophidae
89	Indian Sand Snake^28	Psammophis condanarus	(Merrem, 1820)	ఇసుక పాము	Isuka Paamu	LC	-	-
90	Stout Sand Snake^29	Psammophis longifrons ^MH,TS	Boulenger, 1890	బొడ్డు ఇసుక పాము	Boddu Isuka Paamu	LC	-	-
13. Family Elapidae
91	Common Indian Krait	Bungarus caeruleus ^IN,PK,SL	(Schneider, 1801)	కట్ల పాము	Katla Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
92	Banded Krait^30	Bungarus fasciatus	(Schneider, 1801)	బంగారు కట్ల పాము	Bangaru Katla Paamu	LC	Sch. IV	-
93	Slender Coral Snake^31	Calliophis melanurus ^SA	(Shaw, 1802)	సనని పగడపు పాము	Sanani Padagapu Paamu	NE	Sch. IV	-
94	Spectacled Cobra	Naja naja ^SA	(Linnaeus, 1758)	నాగు పాము	Naagu Paamu	NE	Sch. II (Part II)	App. II
14. Family Viperidae
95	Russell’s Viper	Daboia russelii ^SA	(Shaw & Nodder, 1797)	రక్త పింజర	Raktha Pinjara	NE	Sch. II (Part II)	App. III
96	Saw-scaled Viper	Echis carinatus	(Schneider, 1801)	చిన్న పింజర	Chinna Pinjara	NE	Sch. IV	-
97	Bamboo Pit Viper	Trimeresurus gramineus ^PI	(Shaw, 1802)	వెదురు పాము	Veduru Paamu	LC	Sch. IV	-
15. Family Uropeltidae
98	Elliot's Shieldtail Snake^32	Uropeltis ellioti ^PI	(Gray, 1858)	ఎలియట్స్ మన్ను పాము	Elliots Mannu Paamu	LC	Sch. IV	-

Key: *Vernacular names are those expressly coined anew by the authors of this paper and they are not necessarily what is there in common dialect in Telangana State | DD—Data Deficient | LC—Least Concern | NE—Not Evaluated | VU—Vulnerable | AF—Afghanistan | BD—Bangladesh | IN—India | NP—Nepal | PK—Pakistan | SL—Sri Lanka | PI—Peninsular India | SA—Southern Asia | AP—Andhra Pradesh | CG—Chhattisgarh | KAR—Karnataka | MH—Maharashtra | TS—Telangana | Sch.—Schedule | App.—Appendix.

¹Known from Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Komaram Bheem Asifabad, Medak, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda, Nirmal, Nizamabad and Sangareddy districts (C. Srinivasulu & G.C. Kumar pers. obs.)

²Known from Medchal-Malkajgiri and Nalgonda districts (Ganesh et al. 2020)

³Due to recent taxonomic changes, species identification needs to be resolved; perhaps more species might be present in Telangana State

⁴Known historically from Nagarjunasagar dam area in Nalgonda district (Sharma 1971)

⁵Known historically from Nagarjunasagar dam area in Nalgonda district (Sharma 1971)

⁶Known from Nirmal district, Nagarkurnool district and Nalgonda district (C. Srinivasulu pers. obs.)

⁷Known from Nagarjunasagar dam area in Nalgonda district (M. Seetharamaraju & G.C. Kumar pers. obs.)

⁸Known from Khammam Fort, Khammam district (Mirza et al. 2017)

⁹Known from Hyderabad, Nalgonda, and Warangal Urban districts (Kumar et al. 2015)

¹⁰Known from Warangal Urban district (G.C. Kumar pers. obs.)

¹¹Known from Adilabad district (Agarwal et al. 2018)

¹²Known from Nalgonda and Adilabad districts (Javed et al. 2010)

¹³Known from Adilabad, Komaram Bheem Asifabad and Nirmal districts (C. Srinivasulu & G.C. Kumar pers. obs.)

¹⁴Known historically from Nagarjunasagar dam area in Nalgonda district (Srinivasulu et al. 2016)

¹⁵Known from Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda, Ranga Reddy, and Wanaparthy districts (Narayana et al. 2017)

¹⁶Known from Jangaon district (Choure et al. 2021)

¹⁷Known from Bhadradri Kothagudem, Jayashankar Bhupalapally, Nagarkurnool, and Warangal Rural districts (G.C. Kumar, A. Visvanath & C. Srinivasulu pers. obs.)

¹⁸Known from Mancherial, Ranga Reddy, Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts (Mohan et al. 2018)

¹⁹Known from a single record near Vikarabad, Vikarabad district (A. Visvanath pers. obs. June 2016)

²⁰Known from Hyderabad, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Ranga Reddy, and Sangareddy districts (A. Visvanath pers. comm., G.C. Kumar pers. obs.)

²¹Known from Hyderabad, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Peddapalli, Ranga Reddy, Sangareddy, and Wanaparthy districts (A. Visvanath pers. comm., C. Srinivasulu pers. obs.)

²²Known from Neredgonda, near Kuntala, Adilabad district (G.C. Kumar pers. obs.) and Belgaon, Jainath mandal, Adilabad (Anne & Visvanathan 2018)

²³Known from Adilabad, Hyderabad, and Medchal-Malkajgiri districts (Whitaker & Captain 2004; C. Srinivasulu & M. Seetharamaraju pers. obs.)

²⁴Known from Hyderabad, Mancherial, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Nagarkurnool, Nirmal, Nizamabad, Peddapalli, Ranga Reddy, and Wanaparthy districts (Seetharamaraju et al. 2011, C. Srinivasulu & M. Seetharamaraju pers. obs .)

²⁵Known from Hyderabad, Kamareddy, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Nalgonda, Ranga Reddy, and Sangareddy districts (Narayana & Sandeep 2021)

²⁶Known from Kamareddy, Komaram Bheem Asifabad, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Nagarkurnool, and Ranga Reddy districts (Kumar et al. 2017a)

²⁷Known from Kamareddy, Hyderabad, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Nalgonda, and Sangareddy districts (C. Srinivasulu & M. Seetharamaraju pers. obs.)

²⁸Known from Nallamala Hills, Nagarkurnool and near Koppole, Nalgonda district (C. Srinivasulu pers. obs.)

²⁹Known from Medchal-Malkajgiri and Ranga Reddy districts (Visvanathan et al. 2017)

³⁰Known from Jayashankar Bhupalapally and Mulugu districts (Srinivasulu et al. 2009)

³¹Known from Nalgonda district (Seetharamaraju et al. 2019)

³²Known from Egalapenta in Nallamala Hills in Nagarkurnool district (S. Sadashivaiah pers. comm. April 2021)

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