Hapalopilus nidulans (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) a new record from India
C.K.
Tiwari 1, Jagrati Parihar 2 & R.K. Verma 3
1,2,3 Forest
Pathology Division, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya
Pradesh 482021, India
Email: 1 ck_scientist@yahoo.com, 2 jags.parihar@gmail.com (corresponding
author), 3 rkverma28@rediffmail.com
Date of
publication (online): 26 June 2011
Date of
publication (print): 26 June 2011
ISSN
0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print)
Editor: Leif Ryvarden
Manuscript details:
Ms # o2622
Received 03 November 2010
Final revised received 24 May 2011
Finally accepted 13 June 2011
Citation: Tiwari,
C.K., J. Parihar & R.K. Verma (2011). Hapalopilus
nidulans (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) a new record from India. Journal
of Threatened Taxa 3(6): 1872–1874.
Copyright: © C.K.
Tiwari, Jagrati Parihar & R.K. Verma 2011. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium
for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate
credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Acknowledgements:The authors would like to thank Dr. M.S. Negi,
Director, TFRI, JBP, for providing necessary facilities.
For figure, image -- click here
The genus Hapalopilus P. Karst. was described with Polyporus nidulans Fr. as type
species. The main distinguishing
character is the cinnamon colour for the basidiocarp reacting strongly cherry
red to violet with KOH. Otherwise
it is microscopically similar to the species of Tyromyces P. Karst. Under natural conditions H. nidulans attacks dry logs or diseased branches; its
mycelium soon spreads to the neighboring healthy branches and may ultimately
kill the entire tree (Pilàt 1937). Earlier the species was reported from the northern hemisphere, Africa:
Rwanda-Burundi, Akagera Park, southwest of Luluma, Ihema Lake, Rammelo on
deciduous wood (Ryvarden & Johansen 1980). This fungus is not very common; single specimens are found
on almost any broadleaved trees, such as: birch, mountain ash, oak, hornbeam,
beech, aspen, hazel, alder and linden. It was also recorded in western Europe, East Asia, North America and Australia
(Bondartsav 1953).
The species has been intensively studied
and systematically documented in a number of mycological books/monographs of
polypores such as Bondartsav (1953), Ryvarden & Johansen (1980), Imazeki et
al. (1988), Corner (1991), Zhao & Zhang (1992), Nunez & Ryvarden (1995),
Quanten (1997), Hattori et al. (2002). The species described by Corner from tropical Asia and West Pacific
archipelago were treated in detail by Dai (2000).
The present paper describes taxonomy and
cultural study of Hapalopilus nidulans(Fr.) P. Karst. for the first time from India.
Materials and Methods: The
basidiocarps were collected during the rainy season, i.e., August to October
2008 from Chhattisgarh State of central India, geographically ranging from
Katghora (22028’58.1” N & 82031’26.77”E), Kota (22038’78.3”N
& 82061’26.9”E) and Kanker (20037’36.9”N & 82003’56.6”E)
(Fig. 1). All macroscopic
and habitat characteristics were noted in situ. The specimens were brought to the laboratory where detailed
microscopic examinations were made. Identification was done with the aid of published papers, books and
monographs (Bondartsav 1953; Ryvarden & Johansen 1980; Zmitrovich et al.
2006). The chemical reaction was
determined by placing a small piece of material in 5% KOH solution. For microscopic study the specimens
were thin sectioned by using a sharp razor blade. The cyanophily was observed in cotton blue mounted in
lactophenol and amyloidy of structures in Melzer’s reagent. The photographs were taken with a Nikon
F601 SLR camera, macroscopic and microscopic characters were studied under the
stereo zoom Leica, model Wild M3Z and advanced research Microscope, Leica,
model Leitz DMRB (Germany) with digital Leica EC3 camera. The culture was prepared by following
isolation, purification from a basidiocarp on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium
under aseptic conditions and incubated at 270C for six days then
sub-cultured on PDA and incubated for six weeks. After development of the colony, cultural characters were
observed and studied by following the method of Stalpers (1978). The specimens are deposited in the
Mycology Herbarium of the Forest Pathology Division, Tropical Forest Research
Institute, Jabalpur (TF). The
records are new to India since the following authors do not mention them:
Butler & Bisby (1954), Tandon & Chandra (1964), Bilgrami et al. (1979,
1981, 1991), Sarbhoy et al. (1975, 1986, 1996), Bhide et al. (1987) and
Jamaluddin et al. (2004).
Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) P. Karst.
Revue mycol., Toulouse 3(9): 18 (1881). (Image 2a–i)
≡Polyporus nidulans Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 1: 362 (1821)
Material
examined
19.x.2009, on stored logs of Shorea robusta Gaertn, Kota (Bilaspur,
C.G.) (TF 1143); Katghora (Korba, C.G.) (TF 1145), 2.x.2009, on stored logs of S. robusta, Kanker, (TF 1144); 29.viii.2009, on
stored logs of Anogeissus latifoliaWall, (TF 1148); Chloroxylon swietenia D.C.
(TF 1146); Ougeinia oojeineusis (Roxb.)
Hocherut,(TF 1149) andTerminalia tomentosa W&A,
(TF 1147), Pithora (Raipur), coll. C.K. Tiwari, Jagrati Parihar &
R.K.Verma.
This fungus causes white fibrous rot in
the associated wood.
Basidiome: annual, soft when fresh,
brittle when dry, effuso-reflexed, sessile, dimidiate, 3–6.5 x 2–4.5
x 0.5–1.5 cm. Pileus:
cinnamon (colour 1927 ChinookT (5H12); Mearz & Paul 1950),
surface rough with few weak sulcate zones, the inner ones usually smoother than
the distal ones, margin thick, entire. Hymenophore: concolorous with the pileus, pores thin walled angular, 1–2
per mm, pores surface with a few large cracks in basidiome, pore tubes up to 3–10
mm deep, cinammon to ochraceous. Context: light cinnamon, soft and fibrous, brittle up to 4 cm thick at
the base. Chemical reaction:
positive, all parts of the basidiocarp change to violet in KOH. Hyphal system: monomitic, generative
hyphae, clamped, up to 6.0µm wide, thick walled, branched, smooth, cyanophilous,
covered partly in amorphous substances mixed with polygonal reddish to brownish
crystals in trama. Cystidia:
absent. Basidia: clavate, hyaline, 14–16 x 6–7.5 µm, cyanophilous.
Basidiospores: ellipsoid to cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 3.5–5 x 2–2.5
µm, cyanophilous, non-amyloid.
Culture: Growth characters: Growth slow,
1.5cm in one week. Advancing zone
hyaline, even, appressed. Mat
translucent, becoming farinaceous with raised felty granules, in some part
floccose to floccose-felty, colour initially white later changing to buff pink
to orange pink. Reverse
unchanged. Odour soury. Hyphal
characters: Advancing zone hyphae hyaline, thin to thick-walled, branched, clamped,
up to 4µm wide. Aerial mycelium
(a) hyphae as in the advancing zone (b) chlamydospores present, terminal,
hyaline, thin-walled (c) basidia hyaline, thin-walled, clavate with sterigmata
12.0–18.5 x 4.5–7.0 µm.
Remark: This
fungus is recognized by its cinnamon colour and the striking violet reaction in
KOH. The only difference compared
with current descriptions is of the number of pores which are 1–2 per mm
in the cited specimens, while other authors, such as Ryvarden & Johansen
(1980), report 2–4 pores per mm
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