Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2021 | 13(11): 19509–19526

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6614.13.11.19509-19526

#6614 | Received 24 August 2020 | Final received 12 July 2021 | Finally accepted 04 August 2021

Birds of Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal

Saneer Lamichhane ¹, Babu Ram Lamichhane ², Kapil Pokharel ³, Pramod Raj Regmi ⁴,

Tulasi Prasad Dahal ⁵, Santosh Bhattarai ⁶, Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral ⁷, Pabitra Gotame ⁸,

Trishna Rayamajhi ⁹, Ram Chandra Kandel ¹⁰ & Aashish Gurung ¹¹

^{1–7, 11} National Trust for Nature Conservation, Nepal.

⁹ Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, USA.

^8,10 Ministry of Forest and Environment, Government of Nepal.

¹ saneerlamichhane@gmail.com (corresponding author), ² baburaml@gmail.com, ³ ruff_kapil@hotmail.com, ⁴ regmiprr11@gmail.com, ⁵ envoytulasi@gmail.com, ⁶ bhattarai.bcc@gmail.com, ⁷ pokheralchiran2017@gmail.com, ⁸ pabitragotame@gmail.com, ⁹ trishnarayamajhi07@gmail.com, ¹⁰ rckandel06@gmail.com, ¹¹ asis_grg@hotmail.com

Editor: Carol Inskipp, Bishop Auckland Co., Durham, UK. Date of publication: 26 September 2021 (online & print)

Citation: Lamichhane, S., B.R. Lamichhane, K. Pokharel, P.R. Regmi, T.P. Dahal, S. Bhattarai, C.P. Pokheral, P. Gotame, T. Rayamajhi, R.C. Kandel & A. Gurung (2021). Birds of Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(11): 19509–19526. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6614.13.11.19509-19526

Copyright: © Lamichhane et al. 2021. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.

Funding: UNDP-GEF Tiger and Rhino Landscape Conservation Project (2001-2012); Beeshazar and Associated Lakes Conservation and Community Empowerment Project (2015-2016).

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Author details: Saneer Lamichhane, Santosh Bhattarai, Tulasi Prasad Dahal, Aashish Gurung: Conservation Officer, National Trust for Nature Conservation. Babu Ram Lamichhane: Office Incharge, National Trust for Nature Conservation-Biodiversity Conservation Center. Kapil Pokharel: Wildlife Technician, National Trust for Nature Conservation-Biodiversity Conservation Center. Pramod Raj Regmi: Natural Resource Conservation Assistant, National Trust for Nature Conservation.

Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral: Project Manager, National Trust for Nature Conservation. Pabitra Gotame: Ranger, Ministry of Forest and Environment, Government of Nepal. Trishna Rayamajhi: Graduate Student, Cornell University, USA. Ram Chandra Kandel: Secretary, Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forests and Environment, Province No.2, Nepal

Author contributions: SL, BRL, RCK, CP: conceptualize the study; SL, BRL, TPD, SB, AG, KP, PG, TR: conducted the field survey of 2015 and 2016 and compiled the rest data; SL, BRL: finalized the manuscript; RCK, CP, BRL: supervised the study

Acknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge the financial support of UNDP – GEF (Tiger and Rhino Landscape Conservation project (project period: 2001–2012) and Beeshazar and Associated Lakes Conservation and Community Empowerment Project (project period: 2015–2016) to study the biodiversity of the Barandabhar Corridor Forest. We appreciate the support of Mr. Ram Kumar Aryal, former office-in-charge, NTNC-BCC to prepare the bird checklist. We also thank all the wildlife technicians of NTNC-BCC for their continuous risky frontline support in wildlife research.

Abstract: Long term monitoring of bird species was conducted in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, one of the important bird areas of Nepal (IBA). Bird species were identified by the point count method in transect surveys in two-time frames from 2002–2012 and 2015–2016 to obtain the bird species list. We compared our bird list with previously published (after 2000) checklists and compiled the updated checklist of birds of Barandabhar Corridor Forest. We documented 372 bird species belonging to 80 families in Barandabhar, including five Critically Endangered, three Endangered, eight Vulnerable, and 15 Near Threatened species. The Accipitridae family included the highest number of species (n= 32), followed by Muscicapidae (n= 30) and Anatidae (n= 18). Approximately, half of the total confirmed bird species were insectivorous. The list included 63% resident, 27% winter migratory, 7.5% summer migratory, and 2.9% passage migrant species. According to the habitat type, there were 181 species of forest, 74 species of wetland, 24 species of grassland, 70 species of open field, and 23 species of partially wetland birds. This updated checklist of bird species will serve as a reference guide for bird watchers, biodiversity researchers, and support managers for conservation effort; and can be used to track any changes in the composition of bird species in the future.

Keywords: Avifauna, checklist, IBA, transect survey, wetland birds.

INTRODUCTION

Nepal is a biodiversity hotspot supporting 9.5% of the world’s bird species, i.e., 886 species (DNPWC & BCN 2019). Birds are one of the most studied groups in Nepal, and information on birds is well documented in the form of field guides and reference books (Inskipp et al. 2013). The status and distribution of birds in Nepal has been studied by various researchers (e.g., Fleming et al. 1976; Inskipp & Inskipp 1985; Cocker & Inskipp 1988; Inskipp & Inskipp 1991; Baral et al. 1996; Baral & Inskipp 2004; Inskipp & Inskipp 2012; Baral et al. 2012; Grimmett et al. 2016; Inskipp et al. 2017). In Nepal, wetland birds are the only vertebrate taxon that have been monitored every year since 1987. This survey has gained attention as the mid-winter water bird count (Baral 2009). Such long-term studies on birds and their associated habitats have become pivotal in the designation of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in Nepal. Nepal now has 32 IBAs listed (27 declared and 5 proposed with IBA codes) (BCN 2020). One of these IBAs is the Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), which is important for bird conservation. Beeshazar and adjacent lakes are located to the south of the BCF and were designated as a Ramsar Site (Site no. 1313) in 2003.

The global loss of biodiversity is continuing at an alarming rate and increasing anthropogenic impacts are exacerbating the trend of species loss. Despite a significant increase in conservation activities, the rate of loss of species has not decreased (Butchart 2010; Schrauth & Wink 2018). In addition, there are staggering losses of birds in the world (Dirzo 2014; Hallmann et al. 2017; Rosenberg 2019). To monitor and document environmental health and ecosystem integrity such as food availability, birds act as indicator species because they are easy to detect and observe, widely distributed, cover different levels of ecological pyramids, and the links among bird communities, vegetal associations and territory have been clearly demonstrated (Petty & Avery 1990; Padoa-Schioppa et al. 2006; Schrauth & Wink 2018; Rosenberg 2019). Hence, it is necessary for long-term monitoring and to keep baseline records of bird species. The previous studies by Adhikari et al. (2000, 2018) of birds and wetland birds in BCF were of short duration and have missed many bird species.

BCF, representing the IBA, lacks an updated checklist prepared from long-term monitoring of birds. Our study attempted to fill the gap of previous studies by providing the most recent data with revised nomenclature, vernacular names for public awareness including long-term data from 2002–2012 and 2015–2016 along with a checklist of birds of BCF from other studies after 2000. This checklist will serve as a reference for researchers, conservationists, planners, and bird enthusiasts.

Study Area

Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF) covers 87.9 km² areas in the north of Chitwan National Park (CNP). It is the only remaining forest patch in Nepal that connects CNP with the Mahabharat range in the north (Bhattarai & Basnet 2004; Lamichhane   et al. 2018). BCF has a subtropical climate with winter, spring, and monsoon seasons (Bhattarai 2003). The area of BCF is dominated by Sal Shorea robusta forest and partly by riverine and mixed hardwood forest (Bhattarai 2003; NTNC 2003). This forest acts as a migratory route for different bird species (Adhikari et al. 2000, 2018).

The East-West highway (Mahendra Highway) bisects this corridor. The southern part falls under the buffer zone of Chitwan National Park and is guarded by the Nepali army (Lamichhane et al. 2018). Human disturbance is relatively low in the southern part. The northern part falls under the jurisdiction of the Divisional Forest Office, Chitwan and is managed as a protected forest. Despite its legal status of protected forest, human pressure in this part is relatively high due to the dependence of local communities on forest resources such as fodder, fuelwood, timber, grazing, NTFPs, and lack of strong enforcement. BCF is surrounded by heavily populated settlements of municipalities, namely, Ratnanagar Municipality on the east, Kalika on the north-east, and Bharatpur metropolitan city in the west (Figure 1). This has added human-pressure to this corridor and timely consideration for the conservation and management of BCF is needed.

Methods

Bird species present in BCF were assessed by recording direct sightings. The survey was conducted by a team of experts and field staff of the National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) in two-time frames: 2002–2012 and 2015–2016. NTNC in collaboration with the Divisional Forest Office and Chitwan National Park Office administered both surveys by mobilizing field technicians and researchers. Six survey routes of length ~6 to 11 km were set for the bird survey from 2002 to 2012. For 2015 to 2016, the number of transects were increased to 16 with a length of ~4 to 8 km and changed the orientation of the transects to a cross-section of the corridor (Figure 1). The transects were designed to cover all habitat types (wetlands, grasslands, open areas, forest) of BCF. At each starting point and at every 250 m throughout the transect, there was a minute disturbance pause and five-minute observation pause to sight the birds. Bushnell binoculars (8 x 42) were used to sight the birds. Every year, pre-monsoon (March–April) and post-monsoon (October–November) surveys were conducted to detect the summer and winter visitors, respectively. Since the activities of the birds are high in the morning period, we chose the survey time from 0700 to 0900 h. Only one transect was surveyed each day to limit the research in the morning (0700–0900 h). For long transects (>4 km), we either mobilized multiple groups of the surveyors (3–4 surveyors/group on foot) or the same team surveyed on multiple days depending on the length of the transect. For example, an 11-km transect was surveyed in three days (average 4 km transect survey in a day in two hours survey period). The survey in a transect was continued the next day from the point it was left in the previous day. The total number of bird species encountered was recorded in this period. We also collated the bird checklist previously published (Adhikari et al. 2000, 2018) to prepare the updated bird checklist. We only included bird records after 2000.

RESULTS

BCF was found to support 372 bird species belonging to 20 orders and 80 families (Annexe 1) with a total survey effort of 1,506 km. A total of 287 species was recorded during the survey of 2002–2012 and an additional 39 species were detected during 2015–2016. Twenty species recorded during 2002–2012 were not found during 2015–2016 surveys. In addition, the bird checklists of Adhikari et al. (2000, 2018) included 12 and 6 bird species, respectively, which were not recorded during our survey (2002–2012 and 2015–16) in Barandabhar. In November 2019, Great White Pelicans Pelecanus onocrotalus were spotted in BCF (Kathmandu Post 2019) which is also included in our checklist. Accipitridae family consisted of the highest number of species (n= 32) followed by Muscicapidae (n= 30), and Anatidae (n= 18). According to the foraging guild, insectivorous bird species were highest (n= 180 species) followed by equal number of carnivorous (n= 41) and omnivorous (n= 41) species (Figure 2). Out of the total bird species recorded, 62.9%, 26.6%, 7.5%, and 2.9% of bird species of BCF are resident (R), winter migrants (W), summer migrants (S), and passage migrants (P), respectively (Table 1). The bird list also includes globally threatened species: five Critically Endangered, three Endangered, eight Vulnerable, and 15 Near Threatened species. In CITES enlisted categories, we recorded a single bird species each in CITES I and CITES III, and 53 bird species in CITES II category. According to the habitat type, there were 181 bird species of forest, 74 species of wetland, 24 species of grassland, 70 species of open field, and 23 species of partially wetland birds (Figure 3). The checklist is presented in Annexe 1.

DISCUSSION

Our study reported a high diversity of bird species in Barandabhar including 16 globally threatened species (Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable) which further justifies the stronghold of its IBA status. The proximity to Chitwan National Park, one of the global biodiversity hotspots may have contributed to the high species diversity of birds. The southern portion (south of the highway of BCF) is the buffer zone of CNP and includes the Ramsar listed Beeshazar and associated lakes. CNP has a total of 544 recorded bird species (CNP 2019). As a contiguous habitat, the movement of the birds from CNP to adjoining BCF area is obvious.

Insectivorous bird species are dominant amongst the various species in BCF consisting of 48.38% of the total species. A recent study suggests that 40% of the insect species globally are in decline due to intensification of agriculture using a large volume of pesticides and fertilizers (Hallmann et al. 2017; Dougals 2019). Schrauth & Wink (2018) stated that the decrease in insect abundance affects higher trophic levels like insectivorous birds. There is no cultivation inside BCF and human movements are also limited. We do not have data on the insect communities of BCF. However, we can hypothesize that the high number of insectivorous bird species in BCF means good insect communities are likely to be thriving in the area. Besides the insectivores, the carnivore and omnivore are the second largest group by species diversity (11% each) in BCF.

A total of nine scavenger species was recorded from BCF, of which four are Critically Endangered, and among them three are resident. BCF is immediately surrounded by municipalities with agricultural fields and pasture for livestock. The scavengers are dependent on dead wildlife/livestock in and around BCF. The use of diclofenac is detrimental to the survival of these scavengers (Oaks et al. 2004; Swan et al. 2006). So, a conservation awareness program to communities on the use of meloxicam which is an alternative for diclofenac would be a good solution for the survival of a viable population of scavengers (Swarup et al. 2007; Thapa 2009) in BCF.

BCF supports 62.9% resident, 26.6% winter migratory, 7.5% summer migratory, and 2.9% passage migrant birds. These migratory species have different breeding sites, wintering sites, and stopover sites or passage routes. These are sensitive species because a disturbance in any of these sites can cause a decline in their population. Since, BCF is a small biological corridor for migratory and passage birds, we must focus on to return the healthy breeding population so that they visit the area every year.

The transect used for the 2015–2016 surveys seems more effective because 10% more species were recorded in these two years compared to 2002–2012. Even so, the data lack the total species present in the survey of 2002–2012. This may be because the survey efforts of 2015–2016 covered 384 km compared to the survey efforts of 1,122 km during the 2002–2012 surveys.

One of the major challenges of the 21^st century is to globally reduce the rate of species loss (Barnosky et al. 2011; Pimm et al. 2014; Rosenberg 2019). In order to reduce threats to existing bird diversity in BCF, the government has endorsed the Barandabhar Corridor Forest Management Plan and the Beeshazari Lake Management Plan that aim to conserve the flora and fauna and their habitat in BCF. The proper implementation and timely revision of these existing plans and policies of BCF help to address the difficulties to protect bird diversity. Raising conservation awareness, removal of alien species, indigenous fish spawning in the wetlands, and incorporating birds as a separate chapter in management plans will help to sustain a healthy bird community in BCF.

This long-term data on bird species in BCF may act as the base-line for future reference, help in further research works, support managers for conservation efforts, and to record any changes in the composition of bird species of BCF. Despite BCF being divided into two portions, i.e., north and south portions, we believe the conservation intervention should be integrated and managed as a single ecological unit.

Table 1. IUCN status and migration group of bird species of Barandabhar Corridor Forest.

Migration group	CR	EN	VU	NT	LC	Total
Passage				2	9	11
Resident	3		6	10	215	234
Summer migratory					28	28
Winter migratory	2	3	2	3	89	99
Total	5	3	8	15	341	372

CR—Critically endangered | EN—Endangered | VU—Vulnerable | NT—Near Threatened | LC—Least Concern.

For figures - - click here

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Annexe 1. Checklist of the birds of BCF.

	Order/ Family/ Common name	Scientific name	Nepali name	IUCN	CITES	Foraging guild	Migration group	Habitat Type
	ACCIPITRIFORMES
	Accipitridae
1	Besra	Accipiter virgatus (Temminck, 1822)	a];/f	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
2	Black Baza	Aviceda leuphotes (Dumont, 1820)	uf]dfo' dxfrLn	LC	II	Carnivore	S	FB
3	Black Eagle	Ictinaetus malayensis (Temminck, 1822)	õf]0fs rLn	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
4	Black Kite	Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783)	sfnf] rLn	LC	II	Scavenger	W	OF
5	Black-winged Kite	Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines, 1789)	d';] rLn	LC	II	Carnivore	R	OF
6	Booted Eagle	Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin, 1788)	sfF8rGõ rLn	LC	II	Carnivore	W	FB
7	Changeable Hawk-eagle	Nisaetus cirrhatus# (Gmelin, 1788)	;bn rLn	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
8	Cinereous Vulture	Aegypius monachus (Linnaeus, 1766)	/fh lu2	NT	II	Scavenger	W	FB
9	Crested Goshawk	Accipiter trivirgatus (Temminck, 1824)	sNsL afh	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
10	Crested Serpent-eagle	Spilornis cheela(Latham 1790)	sfsfs'n	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
11	Egyptian Vulture	Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758)	;]tf] lu2	EN	II	Scavenger	W	OF
12	Eurasian Buzzard	Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758)	Zo]gafh	LC	II	Carnivore	W	FB
13	Eurasian Sparrowhawk	Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus, 1758)	jgafh	LC	II	Carnivore	W	FB
14	Greater Spotted Eagle	Clanga clanga (Pallas, 1811)	hf]ax/ dxfrLn	VU	II	Carnivore	W	OF
15	Grey-headed Fish-eagle	Icthyophaga ichthyaetus# (Horsfield, 1821)	df5fs'n	NT	II	Piscivore	R	PW
16	Griffon Vulture	Gyps fulvus(Hablitz, 1783)	v}/f] lu2	LC	II	Scavenger	W	OF
17	Hen Harrier	Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus, 1766)	rNnfrf]/ e'OFrLn	LC	II	Carnivore	W	OF
18	Himalayan Griffon	Gyps himalayensis (Hume, 1869)	lxdfnL lu2	NT	II	Scavenger	R	OF
19	Indian Spotted Eagle	Clanga hastata (Lesson, 1834)	n3' dxfrLn	VU	II	Carnivore	R	OF
20	Indian Vulture	Gyps indicus* (Scopoli, 1786)	nfdf] 7"F8] lu2	CR	II	Scavenger	R	OF
21	Long-legged Buzzard	Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar, 1829)	nfDv'ß] :ogafh	LC	II	Carnivore	W	FB
22	Oriental Honey-buzzard	Pernis ptilorhyncus (Temminck, 1821)	dw' rLn	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
23	Pallas's Fish-eagle	Haliaeetus leucoryphus (Pallas, 1771)	af]S;L rLn	EN	II	Piscivore	W	PW
24	Pied Harrier	Circus melanoleucos (Pennant, 1769)	dfn] e'OFrLn	LC	II	Carnivore	R	OF
25	Red-headed Vulture	Sarcogyps calvus (Scopoli, 1786)	;'g lu2	CR	II	Scavenger	W	OF
26	Shikra	Accipiter badius (Gmelin, 1788)	l;qmf	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
27	Short-toed Snake Eagle	Circaetus gallicus* (Gmelin, 1788)	;k{xl/ rLn	LC	II	Carnivore	P	FB
28	Slender-billed Vulture	Gyps tenuirostris (Gray, 1844)	;fgf] v}/f] lu2	CR	II	Scavenger	R	OF
29	Steppe Eagle	Aquila nipalensis (Hodgson, 1833)	uf]dfo' dxfrLn	EN	II	Carnivore	W	FB
30	White-eyed Buzzard	Butastur teesa (Franklin, 1831)	hdn Zj]tafh	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
31	White-rumped Vulture	Gyps bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788)	8À/ lu2	CR	II	Scavenger	R	OF
32	White-tailed Sea-eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758)	s+ud lrn	LC	II	Carnivore	R	PW
	Pandionidae
33	Osprey	Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758)	dnfxf rLn	LC	II	Piscivore	R	PW
	ANSERIFORMES
	Anatidae
34	Common Goldeneye	Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus, 1758)	:j0f{ gog\ xfF;	LC	-	Omnivore	P	WB
35	Common Pochard	Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758)	s}nf] 6fps] xfF;	VU	-	Carnivore	W	WB
36	Common Teal	Anas crecca (Linnaeus, 1758)	lah'nfuO{/L	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
37	Cotton Pygmy-goose	Nettapus coromandelianus (Gmelin, 1789)	xl/ xfF;	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
38	Eurasian Wigeon	Mareca penelope (Linnaeus, 1758)	l;Gb'/] xfF;	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
39	Ferruginous Duck	Aythya nyroca (Guldenstadt, 1770)	dfns xfF;	NT	-	Omnivore	W	WB
40	Gadwall	Mareca strepera# (Linnaeus, 1758)	v8\v8] xfF;	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
41	Garganey	Spatula querquedula $ (Linnaeus, 1758)	Zj]tfcfFvLef}F	LC	-	Omnivore	R	WB
42	Goosander	Mergus merganser* (Linnaeus, 1758)	dl0ft'08s	LC	-	Piscivore	W	WB
43	Indian Spot-billed Duck	Anas poecilorhyncha* (Forster, 1781)	gb'g xfF;	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
44	Lesser Whistling Duck	Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield, 1821)	l;nl;n]	LC	-	Herbivore	R	WB
45	Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos (Linnaeus, 1758)	xl/of] 6fps] xfF;	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
46	Northern Pintail	Anas acuta (Linnaeus, 1758)	;'O{/f]k'R5]	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
47	Northern Shoveler	Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758)	a]Nrf 7'8] xfF;	LC	-	Omnivore	P	WB
48	Red-crested Pochard	Netta rufina (Pallas, 1773)	;'gh'/] xfF;	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
49	Ruddy Shelduck	Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas, 1764)	rv]jf	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
50	Smew	Mergellus albellus (Linnaeus, 1758)	b]jb't df0fLt'Gbs	LC	-	Omnivore	W	WB
51	Tufted Duck	Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus, 1758)	sfnLh'/] xfF;	LC	-	Carnivore	W	WB
	APODIFORMES
	Hemiprocnidae
52	Crested Treeswift	Hemiprocne coronata (Tickell, 1833)	h'/] uf}+ynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	BUCEROTIFORMES
	Bucerotidae
53	Great Hornbill	Buceros bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)	/fh wg]z	VU	I	Frugivore	R	FB
54	Indian Grey Hornbill	Ocyceros birostris (Scopoli, 1786)	v}/f] wg]z	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
55	Oriental Pied Hornbill	Anthracoceros albirostris (Shaw & Nodder, 1807)	sfnf] wg]z	LC	II	Frugivore	R	FB
	Upupidae
56	Common Hoopoe	Upupa epops (Linnaeus, 1758)	kmfk|] r/f - bz}+ r/f _	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
	CAPRIMULGIFORMES
	Apodidae
57	Alpine Swift	Tachymarptis melba* (Linnaeus, 1758)	atf;L uf}FynL	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
58	Himalayan Swiftlet	Aerodramus brevirostris# (Horsfield, 1840)	lylrsf uf}FynL	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
59	House Swift	Apus nipalensis # (Hodgson, 1837)	lkmlkm{/] 3/ uf}FynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
60	Little Swift	Apus affinis@ (JE Gray, 1830)	lkmlkm{/] 3/ uf}FynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
61	Pacific Swift	Apus pacificus@ (Latham, 1801)	k'5'/sfk] uf}FynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
62	Silver-backed Needletail	Hirundapus cochinchinensis (Oustalet, 1878)	r08L 9f8] uf}FynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
63	White-rumped Spinetail	Zoonavena sylvatica (Tickell, 1846)	;fgf] jg uf}FynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
	Caprimulgidae
64	Large-tailed Nightjar	Caprimulgus macrurus (Horsfield, 1821)	nfDk'5|] r}t] r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
65	Savanna Nightjar	Caprimulgus affinis (Horsfield, 1821)	r'OofF r}t] r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
	CHARADRIIFORMES
	Burhinidae
66	Eurasian Thick-knee	Burhinus oedicnemus (Linnaeus, 1758)	au/aßfO{	LC	-	Insectivore	R	WB
	Charadriidae
67	Grey-headed Lapwing	Vanellus cinereus (Blyth, 1842)	v/fgL 6fps] x'l66\ofpF	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
68	Kentish Plover	Charadrius alexandrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)	cnsrGõ /fhk'qLsf	LC	-	Carnivore	W	WB
69	Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius (Scopoli, 1786)	n3' /fhk'qLsf	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	R	WB
70	Northern Lapwing	Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus, 1758)	h'/] x'l66\ofpF	NT	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
71	Pacific Golden Plover	Pluvialis fulva (Gmelin, 1789)	k|;fGt ;if{kL	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	P	WB
72	Red-wattled Lapwing	Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783)	x'l66\ofpF	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
73	River Lapwing	Vanellus duvaucelii (Lesson, 1826)	vf]n] x'l66\ofpF	NT	-	Aquatic invertebrates	R	WB
74	Yellow-wattled Lapwing	Vanellus malabaricus (Boddaert, 1783)	kx]+nf] ufn] x'l66\ofpF	LC	-	Insectivore	R	WB
	Glareolidae
75	Small Pratincole	Glareola lactea (Temminck, 1820)	kfgL uf}+ynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	PW
	Haematopodidae
76	Eurasian Oystercatcher	Haematopus ostralegus (Linnaeus, 1758)	l;lk r/f	NT	-	Aquatic invertebrates	P	WB
	Jacanidae
77	Bronze-winged Jacana	Metopidius indicus (Latham, 1790)	sdn r/L	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	R	WB
78	Pheasant-tailed Jacana	Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli, 1786)	hnck;/f	LC	-	Omnivore	R	WB
	Laridae
79	Common Tern	Sterna hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758)	jfo' àofnàofn]	LC	-	Piscivore	P	PW
80	River Tern	Sterna aurantia (J.E. Gray, 1831)	s'/f/L àofnàofn]	NT	-	Carnivore	R	PW
	Recurvirostridae
81	Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758)	k|jfnkfb	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	P	WB
	Rostratulidae
82	Greater Painted-snipe	Rostratula benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758)	lrqfÀb	LC	-	Omnivore	R	WB
	Scolopacidae
83	Black-tailed Godwit	Limosa limosa (Linnaeus, 1758)	dnu'hf	NT	-	Carnivore	P	WB
84	Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus, 1767)	l6dl6df	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
85	Common Redshank	Tringa totanus (Linnaeus, 1758)	nfnv'ß] l6dl6df	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
86	Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus, 1758)	rGrn] ;'9;'l9of	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
87	Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago (Linnaeus, 1758)	kfgL rfxf	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
88	Eurasian Woodcock	Scolopax rusticola (Linnaeus, 1758)	7"nf] rfxf	LC	-	Insectivore	W	WB
89	Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus (Linnaeus, 1758)	?v ;'9;'l9of	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
90	Little Stint	Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812)	sfnL v'ß] hn/À	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
91	Pintail Snipe	Gallinago stenura (Bonaparte, 1831)	e/Srfxf	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
92	Temminck's Stint	Calidris temminckii (Leisler, 1812)	hn/À	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
93	Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola (Linnaeus, 1758)	jg ;'9;'l9of	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	P	WB
	Turnicidae
94	Common Buttonquail	Turnix sylvatica (Desfontaines, 1789)	;fgf] uß]aßfO{	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
	CICONIIFORMES
	Ciconiidae
95	Asian Openbill	Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert, 1783)	lrD6] u?8	LC	-	Piscivore	W	WB
96	Black Stork	Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)	sfnf] u?8	LC	II	Piscivore	W	WB
97	Black-necked Stork	Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus* (Latham, 1790)	s[i0s07 u?8	NT	-	Piscivore	R	WB
98	Lesser Adjutant	Leptoptilos javanicus (Horsfield, 1821)	e'+l8kmf]/ u?8	VU	-	Piscivore	R	WB
99	Asian Woolly-necked Stork	Ciconia episcopus (Boddaert, 1783)	skfzs07 u?8˜ nf]lekfkL	VU	-	Piscivore	R	WB
	COLUMBIFORMES
	Columbidae
100	Common Wood Pigeon	Columba palumbus (Linnaeus, 1758)	7"nf] jgk/]jf	LC	-	Granivore	W	FB
101	Spotted-dove	Spilopelia chinensis# (Scopoli, 1768)	s'n]{ 9's'/	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
102	Eurasian Collared-dove	Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838)	s07] 9's'/	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
103	Grey-capped Emerald Dove	Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758)	;'g 9's'/	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
104	Orange-breasted Green-pigeon	Treron bicinctus (Jerdon, 1840)	;'Gtn]5ftL xn];f]	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
105	Oriental Turtle-dove	Streptopelia orientalis (Latham, 1790)	t'Dd] 9's'/	LC	-	Granivore	W	OF
106	Red Turtle-dove	Streptopelia tranquebarica (Hermann, 1804)	tfd] 9's'/	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
107	Sri Lanka Green-pigeon	Treron pompadora (Gmelin, 1789)	km';|f] 6fps] xn];f]	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
108	Thick-Billed Green-pigeon	Treron curvirostra@ (Gmelin, 1789)	df]6f]7'F8] xn];f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
109	Yellow-footed Green-pigeon	Treron phoenicoptera (Latham, 1790)	7"nf] xn];f]	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
	CORACIIFORMES
	Alcedinidae
110	Black-capped Kingfisher	Halcyon pileata (Boddaert, 1783)	sfnf]6fpms] df6Lsf]/]	LC	-	Piscivore	W	PW
111	Blue-eared Kingfisher	Alcedo meninting (Horsfield, 1821)	lgns0f{ df6Lsf]/]	LC	-	Piscivore	R	PW
112	Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758)	;fgf] df6Lsf]/]	LC	-	Piscivore	R	PW
113	Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis (Linnaeus, 1758)	l5/la/] dfl6sf]/]	LC	-	Piscivore	R	PW
114	Stork-billed Kingfisher	Pelargopsis capensis (Linnaeus, 1766)	7"nf] df6Lsf]/]	LC	-	Piscivore	R	PW
115	White-breasted Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758)	;]tf]s07] df6Lsf]/]	LC	-	Piscivore	R	PW
	Coraciidae
116	Indian Roller	Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758)	7]pmjf	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
117	Oriental Dollarbird	Eurystomus orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766)	lgn7]pmjf	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
	Meropidae
118	Green Bee-eater	Merops orientalis (Latham, 1801)	d'/nL r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
119	Blue-bearded Bee-eater	Nyctyornis athertoni (Jardine & Selby, 1830)	lgns07 d'/nL r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
120	Blue-tailed Bee-eater	Merops philippinus (Linnaeus, 1766)	lgnk'5|] d'/nL r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	S	OF
121	Chestnut-headed Bee-eater	Merops leschenaulti (Vieillot, 1817)	s6';] 6fps] d'/nL r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	S	OF
	CUCULIFORMES
	Cuculidae
122	Banded Bay Cuckoo	Cacomantis sonneratii (Latham, 1790)	ws]{ v}/f] sf]OnL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
123	Chestnut-winged Cuckoo	Clamator coromandus (Linnaeus, 1766)	7"nf] h'/] sf]O{nL	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
124	Common Cuckoo	Cuculus canorus (Linnaeus, 1758)	s'Ss'	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
125	Common Hawk-cuckoo	Hierococcyx varius (Vahl, 1797)	e}/a r/f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
126	Greater Coucal	Centropus sinensis (Stephens, 1815)	9f]9] uf]s'n	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
127	Green-billed Malkoha	Phaenicophaeus tristis (Lesson, 1830)	xl/t dfn sf}jf	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
128	Grey-bellied Cuckoo	Cacomantis passerinus (Vahl, 1797)	;'Ql/ sf]O{nL	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
129	Indian Cuckoo	Cuculus micropterus (Gould, 1837)	sfkmn kfSof]	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
130	Jacobin Cuckoo	Clamator jacobinus (Boddaert, 1783)	h'/] sf]O{nL	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
131	Large Hawk-cuckoo	Hierococcyx sparverioides (Vigors, 1832)	lapm s'O{of] sf]OnL	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
132	Lesser Coucal	Centropus bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788)	;fgf] uf]s'n	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
133	Lesser Cuckoo	Cuculus poliocephalus (Latham, 1790)	;fgf] sf]O{nL	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
134	Oriental Cuckoo	Cuculus saturatus* (Gould, 1845)	k"lj{o sf]O{nL	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
135	Sirkeer Malkoha	Taccocua leschenaultii (Lesson, 1830)	Gofp/L dfnsf}jf	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
136	Square-tailed Drongo-cuckoo	Surniculus lugubris (Horsfield, 1821)	lra] sf]O{nL	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
137	Asian Koel	Eudynamys scolopacea (Linnaeus, 1758)	sf]O{nL	LC	-	Insectivore	S	OF
	FALCONIFORMES
	Falconidae
138	Collared Falconet	Microhierax caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)	kf}/L afh	LC	II	Insectivore	R	FB
139	Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus (Linnaeus, 1758)	af}8fO{	LC	II	Carnivore	W	OF
140	Peregrine Falcon	Falco peregrinus (Tunstall, 1771)	zfxL afh	LC	II	Carnivore	W	FB
141	Red- necked Falcon	Falco chicquera (Daudin, 1800)	/ftf] 6fps] af}8fO	NT	II	Carnivore	R	FB
	GALLIFORMES
	Phasianidae
142	Black Francolin	Francolinus francolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)	tLqf	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
143	Common Quail	Coturnix coturnix* (Linnaeus, 1758)	aßfO{	LC	-	Granivore	W	OF
144	Indian Peafowl	Pavo cristatus # (Linnaeus, 1758)	do'/	LC	III	Omnivore	R	FB
145	Red junglefowl	Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)	n'FO{r]	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
	GRUIFORMES
	Rallidae
146	Brown Crake	Zapornia akool (Sykes, 1832)	WjfF;] l;d s'v'/f	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	R	WB
147	Common Coot	Fulica atra (Linnaeus, 1758)	;]tf] yf]Kn] l;ds'v'/f	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	WB
148	Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758)	aufn] l;ds'v'/f	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	R	WB
149	Western Swamphen	Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus, 1758)	s'df{	LC	-	Omnivore	R	WB
150	Ruddy-breasted Crake	Zapornia fusca (Linnaeus, 1766)	3f]n s:b/L	LC	-	Omnivore	R	WB
151	Watercock	Gallicrex cinerea (Gmelin, 1789)	hn s'v'/f	LC	-	Herbivore	S	WB
152	White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769)	l;ds'v'/f	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	R	WB
	PASSERIFORMES
	Acrocephalidae
153	Blyth's Reed-warbler	Acrocephalus dumetorum (Blyth, 1849)	6\ofSñ6\ofs]	LC	-	Insectivore	w	FB
154	Paddyfield Warbler	Acrocephalus agricola (Jerdon, 1845)	;fgf] 6\ofSñ6\ofs]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
155	Thick-billed Warbler	Arundinax aedon (Pallas, 1776)	df]6f]7'F8] 6\ofSñ6ofs]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
	Aegithinidae
156	Common Iora	Aegithina tiphia (Linnaeus, 1758)	;';]nL r/L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Alaudidae
157	Bengal Bushlark	Mirafra assamica (Horsfield, 1840)	efb{jfh	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
158	Oriental Skylark	Alauda gulgula# (Franklin, 1831)	a|xdLr6L efb{jfh	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
159	Sand Lark	Alaudala raytal* (Blyth, 1845)	au/ efb{jfh	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
	Artamidae
160	Ashy Woodswallow	Artamus fuscus (Vieillot, 1817)	ldy'g	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
	Campephagidae
161	Black-headed Cuckooshrike	Lalage melanoptera# (Rüppell, 1839)	sfnf] 6fps] la/lx r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
162	Black-winged Cuckooshrike	Lalage melaschistos# (Hodgson, 1836)	sfnf] la/lx r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
163	Indian Cuckooshrike	Coracina macei (Lesson, 1830)	n7;s\ la/lx r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
164	Rosy Minivet	Pericrocotus roseus (Vieillot, 1818)	u'nfkmL /fgLr/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
165	Scarlet Minivet	Pericrocotus flammeus (Latham, 1790)	/fgLr/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
166	Small Minivet	Pericrocotus cinnamomeus (Linnaeus, 1766)	;fgf] /fgLr/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Cettiidae
167	Aberrant Bush-warbler	Horornis flavolivaceus # (Blyth, 1845)	lkt xl/temf8L lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Chloropseidae
168	Golden-fronted Leafbird	Chloropsis aurifrons (Temminck, 1829)	s[00f s07] xl/tr/L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Cisticolidae
169	Ashy Prinia	Prinia socialis (Sykes, 1832)	6'g's\ 3fF;]lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
170	Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant, 1769)	;f]lnlkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
171	Grey-breasted Prinia	Prinia hodgsonii (Blyth, 1844)	km';|f]5flt 3fF;]lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
172	Grey-crowned Prinia	Prinia cinereocapilla* (Moore, 1854)	3]3/L 3fF;]lkm:6f]	VU	-	Insectivore	R	GB
173	Jungle Prinia	Prinia sylvatica (Jerdon, 1840)	hÀn 3fF;]lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
174	Plain Prinia	Prinia inornata (Sykes, 1832)	emfqmL 3fF;]lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
175	Yellow-bellied Prinia	Prinia flaviventris (Delessert, 1840)	lk7f]b/ 3fF;]lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
176	Zitting Cisticola	Cisticola juncidis (Rafinesque, 1810)	l;? lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
	Corvidae
177	Grey treepie	Dendrocitta formosae @ (R. Swinhoe, 1863)	kxf8L sf]sn]	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
178	House Crow	Corvus splendens (Vieillot, 1817)	s07] sfu	LC	-	Omnivore	R	OF
179	Large-billed Crow	Corvus macrorhynchos (Wagler, 1827)	sfnf] sf}jf	LC	-	Omnivore	R	OF
180	Rufous Treepie	Dendrocitta vagabunda (Latham, 1790)	sf]sn]	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
	Dicaeidae
181	Pale-billed Flowerpecker	Dicaeum erythrorhynchos # (Latham, 1790)	/ftf]7'+8] k'iksf]lsn	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
182	Plain Flowerpecker	Dicaeum minullum (R. Swinhoe, 1870)	;d?k k'iksf]lsn	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
183	Thick-billed Flowerpecker	Dicaeum agile@ (Tickell, 1833)	df]6f]7'F8] k'iksf]lsn	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
184	Yellow-vented Flowerpecker	Dicaeum chrysorrheum@ (Temminck, 1829)	lktlgu{d k'iksf]lsn	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
	Dicruridae
185	Ashy Drongo	Dicrurus leucophaeus (Vieillot, 1817)	WjfF;] lra]	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
186	Black Drongo	Dicrurus macrocercus (Vieillot, 1817)	lra]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
187	Bronzed Drongo	Dicrurus aeneus (Vieillot, 1817)	cfsfz] lra]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
188	Crow-billed Drongo	Dicrurus annectans (Hodgson, 1836)	sfu7'F8 lra]	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
189	Greater Racket-tailed Drongo	Dicrurus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1766)	eLd/fh lra]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
190	Hair-crested Drongo	Dicrurus hottentottus (Linnaeus, 1766)	s];/fh lra]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
191	Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo	Dicrurus remifer (Temminck, 1823)	e[À/fh lra]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
192	White-bellied Drongo	Dicrurus caerulescens* (Linnaeus, 1758)	;]tf]k]6] lra]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Emberizidae
193	Crested Bunting	Emberiza lathami (Gray, 1831)	h'/] au]8L	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
194	Yellow-breasted Bunting	Emberiza aureola (Pallas, 1773)	aufn] au]8L	CR	-	Granivore	W	OF
	Estrildidae
195	Red Avadavat	Amandava amandava (Linnaeus, 1758)	/ftf] d'lgof	LC	-	Granivore	R	GB
196	Scaly-breasted Munia	Lonchura punctulata (Linnaeus, 1758)	sf]6]/f] d'lgof	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
197	Tricoloured Munia	Lonchura malacca (Linnaeus, 1766)	sfn]6fps] d'lgof	LC	-	Granivore	S	GB
198	White-rumped Munia	Lonchura striata@ (Linnaeus, 1766)	;]tf] 9f9] d'lgof	LC	-	Granivore	R	GB
	Eurylaimidae
199	Long-tailed Broadbill	Psarisomus dalhousiae $ (Jameson, 1835)	lrqs'6	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Fringillidae
200	Common Rosefinch	Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas, 1770)	cdf]uf ltt'	LC	-	Granivore	W	FB
	Hirundinidae
201	Asian Plain Martin	Riparia chinensis (J. E. Gray, 1830)	leQ]uf}ynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
202	Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica (Linnaeus, 1758)	3/ uf}+ynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
203	Sand Martin	Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758)	unx/L leQ] uf}+ynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
204	Nepal House Martin	Delichon nipalense $ (Moore, 1854)	g]kfn le/ uf}+ynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
205	Red-rumped Swallow	Cecropis daurica# (Laxmann, 1769)	u]?sf6L uf}+ynL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
	Laniidae
206	Brown Shrike	Lanius cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	v}/f] eõfO{	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
207	Grey-backed Shrike	Lanius tephronotus (Vigors, 1831)	lxdfnL eõfO{	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
208	Long-tailed Shrike	Lanius schach (Linnaeus, 1758)	eõfO{	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
	Leiotrichidae
209	Common babbler	Argya caudata$(Dumont, 1823)	s'?afx's\ Eofs'+/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
210	Jungle Babbler	Turdoides striata# (Dumont, 1823)	aufn] Eofs'+/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
211	Striated Babbler	Argya earlei@ (Blyth, 1844)	v/ Eofs'+/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
	Locustellidae
212	Bristled Grassbird	Chaetornis striata# (Jerdon, 1841)	lrlKns 3fF;] r/L	VU	-	Insectivore	R	GB
213	Spotted Bush Warbler	Locustella thoracica* (Blyth, 1845)	yf]Kn] emf8Llkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
	Monarchidae
214	Black-naped Monarch	Hypothymis azurea (Boddaert, 1783)	sfnf] uw{g /fhr/L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Motacillidae
215	Citrine Wagtail	Motacilla citreola (Pallas, 1776)	a];f/] l6lS6s]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	PW
216	Forest Wagtail	Dendronanthus indicus (Gmelin, 1789)	jg l6lS6s]	LC	-	Insectivore	P	FB
217	Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea (Tunstall, 1771)	km';|f] l6lS6s]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	PW
218	Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni (Richmond, 1907)	?v r'O{Fof	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
219	Paddyfield Pipit	Anthus rufulus (Vieillot, 1818)	cfln r'O{Fof	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
220	Richard's Pipit	Anthus richardi (Vieillot, 1818)	nfdfcf}+n] r'O{Fof	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
221	Rosy Pipit	Anthus roseatus (Blyth, 1847)	u'nfkmL s07] r'O{of	LC	-	Insectivore	W	PW
222	Tawny Pipit	Anthus campestris (Linnaeus, 1758)	9'lnsf r'O{Fof	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
223	Western Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava* (Linnaeus, 1758)	kx]+nf] l6lS6s]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	PW
224	White Wagtail	Motacilla alba (Linnaeus, 1758)	;]tf] l6lS6s]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
225	White-browed Wagtail	Motacilla maderaspatensis (Gmelin, 1789)	vf]n] l6lS6s]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	PW
	Muscicapidae
226	Asian Brown Flycatcher	Muscicapa dauurica (Pallas, 1811)	w';/ ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
227	Black Redstart	Phoenicurus ochruros (S. G. Gmelin, 1774)	WofKrL v~h/L	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
228	Black-backed Forktail	Enicurus immaculatus (Hodgson, 1836)	sfnf]9f8] vf]n]wf]lagL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	PW
229	Blue Rock-thrush	Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus, 1758)	pdf rfFr/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
230	Blue Whistling-thrush	Myophonus caeruleus (Scopoli, 1786)	snrf}8]	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
231	Bluethroat	Cyanecula svecica (Linnaeus, 1758)	e'ldr/ lgns07	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
232	Common Stonechat	Saxicola torquatus (Linnaeus, 1766)	em]sem]s âofK;L	LC	-	Insectivore	W	GB
233	Dark-sided Flycatcher	Muscicapa sibirica (Gmelin, 1789)	WjfF;] ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
234	Grey Bushchat	Saxicola ferreus (Gray & Gray, 1847)	lxdfnL emofK;L	LC	-	Insectivore	W	OF
235	Himalayan Rubythroat	Calliope pectoralis# (Gould, 1837)	;fO{a]l/og /ftf]s07	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
236	Little Forktail	Enicurus scouleri (Vigors, 1832)	u+uf vf]n]wf]lagL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	PW
237	Oriental Magpie-robin	Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758)	wf]aL r/f	LC	-	Insectivore	R	OF
238	Pale-Chinned Flycatcher	Cyornis poliogenys (Brooks, 1879)	gf}lg s07] ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
239	Pied Bush Chat	Saxicola caprata (Linnaeus, 1766)	sfn] emofK;L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
240	Plumbeous Water Redstart	Phoenicurus fuliginosus (Vigors, 1831)	lgnfDa/ hnv~h/L	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	W	PW
241	Pygmy Blue-flycatcher	Ficedula hodgsoni (Moore, 1854)	gLn9f8] ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
242	Red-breasted Flycatcher	Ficedula parva* (Bechstein, 1792)	nfnaS; ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
243	Red-throated Flycatcher	Ficedula albicilla (Pallas, 1811)	/ftf] s07] ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
244	Rufous-bellied Niltava	Niltava sundara@ (Hodgson, 1837)	;'Gb/ lgntfef	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
245	Rusty-tailed Flycatcher	Ficedula ruficauda (Swainson, 1838)	w';f/ ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
246	Siberian Rubythroat	Calliope calliope (Pallas, 1776)	lxdfnL /ftf]s07	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
247	Slaty-backed Forktail	Enicurus schistaceus (Hodgson, 1836)	km';|f]9f8] vf]n]wf]lagL	LC	-	Insectivore	R	PW
248	Slaty-blue Flycatcher	Ficedula tricolor@ (Hodgson, 1845)	l6lS6s] ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
249	Ultramarine Flycatcher	Ficedula superciliaris $ (Jerdon, 1840)	lgnZj]t ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
250	Verditer Flycatcher	Eumyias thalassina (Swainson, 1838)	lgnt'yf] ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
251	White-browed Bush Robin	Tarsiger indicus@ (Vieillot, 1817)	;]tf] cfFvLepF /ljg	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
252	White-capped Water Redstart	Phoenicurus leucocephalus# (Vigors, 1831)	;]tf]6fps] hnv~h/L	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	R	PW
253	White-rumped Shama	Kittacincla malabarica# (Scopoli, 1788)	Zofdf	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
254	White-tailed Blue Robin	Myiomela leucura (Hodgson, 1845)	;]tf]k'R5|] /lag	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
255	White-tailed Stonechat	Saxicola leucurus# (Blyth, 1847)	sfF;] emofk;L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
	Nectariniidae
256	Crimson Sunbird	Aethopyga siparaja (Raffles, 1822)	l;kr/fa'À]r/f	LC	-	Nectarivore	R	FB
257	Purple Sunbird	Cinnyris asiaticus# (Latham, 1790)	sfnf] a'À]r/f	LC	-	Nectarivore	R	FB
	Oriolidae
258	Black-hooded Oriole	Oriolus xanthornus (Linnaeus, 1758)	sfnf] 6fps] ;'gr/L	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
259	Eurasian Golden Oriole	Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus, 1758)	ufhn] ;'gr/L	LC	-	Omnivore	S	FB
	Paridae
260	Great Tit	Parus major (Linnaeus, 1758)	lrlrNsf]6]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Passeridae
261	Yellow-throated Sparrow	Gymnoris xanthocollis# (Burton, 1838)	lkts07] e+u]/f	LC	-	Granivore	R	FB
262	Eurasian Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758)	?v eFu]/f	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
263	House Sparrow	Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)	eFu]/f	LC	-	Granivore	R	OF
	Pellorneidae
264	Indian Grassbird	Graminicola bengalensis (Jerdon, 1863)	3fF;] r/L	NT	-	Insectivore	R	GB
265	Puff-throated Babbler	Pellorneum ruficeps (Swainson, 1832)	yf]Kn] EofFs'/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Phylloscopidae
266	Blyth's Leaf-warbler	Phylloscopus reguloides (Blyth, 1842)	tfn'ws]{ lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
267	Chestnut-crowned Warbler	Phylloscopus castaniceps (Hodgson, 1845)	/ftf] 6fps] lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
268	Common Chiffchaff	Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot, 1817)	lrlKrk lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
269	Dusky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus (Blyth, 1842)	uf]w"nL lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
270	Green-crowned Warbler	Phylloscopus burkii# (Burton, 1836) [	;'gr:d] lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
271	Greenish Warbler	Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall, 1837)	lhen lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
272	Grey-hooded Warbler	Phylloscopus xanthoschistos# (Gray & Gray, 1846)	t'd'nsf/L lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
273	Hume's Leaf-warbler	Phylloscopus humei (Brooks, 1878)	rGrn] lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
274	Large-billed Leaf-warbler	Phylloscopus magnirostris(Blyth, 1843)	7"nf]7'F8] lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
275	Smoky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuligiventer (Hodgson, 1845)	WjfF;] lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	GB
276	Sulphur-bellied Warbler	Phylloscopus griseolus (Blyth, 1847)	kLtf]b/ 9'À]lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
277	Tickell's Leaf-warbler	Phylloscopus affinis (Tickell, 1833)	kLtf]b/ lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
278	Western Crowned Warbler	Phylloscopus occipitalis* (Blyth, 1845)	7"nf] tfn'ws]{ lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
279	Whistler's Warbler	Phylloscopus whistleri# (Ticehurst, 1925)	;';]nL lkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Pittidae
280	Indian Pitta	Pitta brachyura (Linnaeus, 1766)	ufhn] lkßf	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
281	Hooded Pitta	Pitta sordidida (Statius Müller, 1776)	lrqs lkßf	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
	Ploceidae
282	Baya Weaver	Ploceus philippinus (Linnaeus, 1766)	tf]kr/f	LC	-	Granivore	R	GB
	Pnoepygidae
283	Nepal Cupwing	Pnoepyga immaculata (Martens & Eck, 1991)	g]kfn l9s'/]Eofs'/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Pycnonotidae
284	Black Bulbul	Hypsipetes leucocephalus (Gmelin, 1789)	afv|] h'/]nL	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
285	Black-capped Bulbul	Pycnonotus melanicterus (Gmelin, 1789)	sfnf]sNsL kx]+nf] h'/]nL	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
286	Himalayan Bulbul	Pycnonotus leucogenys (Gray, JE, 1835)	tfs]{ h'/]nL	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
287	Red-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766)	h'/]nL	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
288	Red-whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Zj]teIf h'/]nL	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
	Rhipiduridae
289	White-browed Fantail	Rhipidura aureola (Lesson, 1830)	s'dyf]Kn] df?gL r/L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
290	White-throated Fantail	Rhipidura albicollis (Vieillot, 1818)	gSsn] df?gL r/L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Scotocercidae
291	Chestnut-headed Tesia	Cettia castaneocoronata (Burton, 1836)	/ftf] 6fps] 6]l;of	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
292	Pale-footed Bush-warbler	Hemitesia pallidipes* (Blanford, 1872)	3]3/L emf8Llkm:6f]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Sittidae
293	Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch	Sitta cinnamoventris (Blyth, 1842)	s6';] dßf	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
294	Velvet-fronted Nuthatch	Sitta frontalis (Swainson, 1820)	dvdnL dßf	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Stenostiridae
295	Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher	Culicicapa ceylonensis (Swainson, 1820)	rGrn] ch{'gs	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
296	Yellow-bellied Fairy-fantail	Chelidorhynx hypoxanthus $ (Blyth, 1843)	kx]+nf] df?gLr/L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Sturnidae
297	Asian Pied Starling	Gracupica contra (Linnaeus, 1758)	s/r'nL d}gf	LC	-	Omnivore	R	OF
298	Bank Myna	Acridotheres ginginianus (Latham, 1790)	leQ] ;f/f}F	LC	-	Omnivore	R	OF
299	Brahminy Starling	Sturnia pagodarum# (Gmelin, 1789)	h'/] ;f/f}F	LC	-	Omnivore	R	OF
300	Chestnut-tailed Starling	Sturnia malabarica# (Gmelin, 1789)	aufn] ;f/f}F	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
301	Common Hill Myna	Gracula religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758)	d}gfr/L	LC	II	Omnivore	R	FB
302	Common Myna	Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766)	8f™u|] ;f/f}F	LC	-	Omnivore	R	OF
303	Jungle Myna	Acridotheres fuscus (Wagler, 1827)[	sfnL ;f/f}F	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
304	Spot-winged Starling	Saroglossa spilopterus (Vigors, 1831)	s6';s07] ;f/f}F	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
	Sylviidae
305	Yellow-eyed Babbler	Chrysomma sinense (Gmelin, 1789)	tfd] 3fF;]EofFs'/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
	Timaliidae
306	Black-chinned Babbler	Cyanoderma pyrrhops (Blyth, 1844)	sfnf] rLpF8] jgEofFs'/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
307	Chestnut-capped Babbler	Timalia pileata (Horsfield, 1821)	/ftf] 6fps] 3fF;]EofFs'/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	GB
308	Pin-Striped Tit Babbler	Mixornis gularis# (Horsfield, 1822)	rof{rof{/] lkm:6]EofFs'/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	Turdidae
309	Alpine Thrush	Zoothera mollissima* (Blyth, 1842)	;fbf9f8] rfFr/	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
310	Black-throated Thrush	Turdus atrogularis (Jarocki, 1819)	aufn] rfr/	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
311	Grey-winged Blackbird	Turdus boulboul (Latham, 1790)	dbgf rfr/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
312	Orange-headed Thrush	Geokichla citrina (Latham, 1790)	;'Gtn] rfr/	LC	-	Insectivore	S	FB
313	Red-throated Thrush	Turdus ruficollis (Pallas, 1776)	/ftf] s07] rfr/	LC	-	Omnivore	W	FB
314	Scaly Thrush	Zoothera dauma (Latham, 1790)	uf]a|] rfr/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
315	Tickell's Thrush	Turdus unicolor (Tickell, 1833)	km';|] rfr/	LC	-	Insectivore	W	FB
	Vangidae
316	Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike	Hemipus picatus (Sykes, 1832)	cf;sf]6]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
317	Common Woodshrike	Tephrodornis pondicerianus (Gmelin, 1789)	6]Gyf	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
318	Indian Paradise-flycatcher	Terpsiphone paradisi (Linnaeus, 1758)	Zju{ r/L	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
319	Large Woodshrike	Tephrodornis virgatus# (Temminck, 1824)	7'nf] 6]Gyf	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
320	Red-billed Blue Magpie	Urocissa erythroryncha (Boddaert, 1783)	:ofnkf]y/L nfdk'5|]	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
	Vireonidae
321	White-bellied Erpornis	Erpornis zantholeuca# (Blyth, 1844)	;]tf]k]6] h'/]lkm:6f]	LC	-	Omnivore	R	FB
	Zosteropidae
322	Oriental White-eye	Zosterops palpebrosus (Temminck, 1824)	sf+sL/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	PELECANIFORMES
	Ardeidae
323	Black-crowned Night-heron	Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758)	afFs] as'Nnf b]psfu	LC	-	Piscivore	S	WB
324	Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758)	a:t' as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	R	WB
325	Cinnamon Bittern	Ixobrychus cinnamomeus (Gmelin, 1789)	u]? as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	S	WB
326	Great White Egret	Ardea alba# (Linnaeus, 1758)	7"nf] ;]tf] as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	R	WB
327	Green-backed Heron	Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758)	5f]6f]v'ß] as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	R	WB
328	Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea (Linnaeus, 1758)	km';|] as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	W	WB
329	Indian Pond-heron	Ardeola grayii (Sykes, 1832)	elQm as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	R	WB
330	Intermediate Egret	Ardea intermedia# (Wagler, 1827)	demf}nf ;]tf] as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	R	WB
331	Little Egret	Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766)	;fgf] ;]tf] as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	R	WB
332	Purple Heron	Ardea purpurea (Linnaeus, 1766)	KofhL as'Nnf	LC	-	Piscivore	R	WB
333	Yellow Bittern	Ixobrychus sinensis (Gmelin, 1789)	kx]+nf] h'g as'Nnf	LC	-	Carnivore	S	WB
	Pelecanidae
334	Great White Pelican	Pelecanus onocrotalus% (Linnaeus, 1758)	7"nf] 3fpFs] xfjf;Ln	LC	-	Piscivore	P	WB
	Threskiornithidae
335	Red-naped Ibis	Pseudibis papillosa (Temminck, 1824)	s/f{ ;fFj/L	LC	-	Aquatic invertebrates	R	WB
	PICIFORMES
	Megalaimidae
336	Blue-throated Barbet	Psilopogon asiaticus# (Latham, 1790)	s'y's]{	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
337	Coppersmith Barbet	Psilopogon haemacephalus# (Statius Müller, 1776)	afF0ff r/f] - ldnr/f] _	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
338	Great Barbet	Psilopogon virens# (Boddaert, 1783)	GofpnL	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
339	Lineated Barbet	Psilopogon lineatus# (Vieillot, 1816)	l5s]{ s'y's]{	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
	Picidae
340	Black-rumped Flameback	Dinopium benghalense (Linnaeus, 1758)	sfnf]9f8] nfxfFr]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
341	Buff-spotted Flameback	Chrysocolaptes lucidus (Scopoli, 1786)	ub{gyf]Kn] nfxfFr]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
342	Eurasian Wryneck	Jynx torquilla (Linnaeus, 1758)	v/ nfxfFr]	LC	-	Insectivore	W	GB
343	Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker	Dendrocopos macei# (Vieillot, 1818)	sfi7s'6	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
344	Greater Yellownape	Chrysophlegma flavinucha (Gould, 1834)	7"nf] ;'gh'/] sf7kmf]/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
345	Grey-capped Woodpecker	Picoides canicapillus# (Blyth, 1845)	km';|] 6fps] sfi7s'6	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
346	Grey-faced Woodpecker	Picus canus (Gmelin, 1788)	sfnf] uw{g] sf7kmf]/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
347	Himalayan Flameback	Dinopium shorii (Vigors, 1832)	tLgcf}+n] nfxf+r]	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
348	Lesser Yellownape	Picus chlorolophus (Vieillot, 1818)	;'g h'/] sf7kmf]/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
349	Rufous Woodpecker	Micropternus brachyurus# (Vieillot, 1818)	;fgf] tfd] sfi7s'6	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
350	Scaly-bellied Woodpecker	Picus squamatus (Vigors, 1831)	7"nf]sTn] sf7kmf]/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
351	Streak-throated Woodpecker	Picus xanthopygaeus (Gray & Gray, 1847)	sTn] sf7kmf]/	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
352	Yellow-crowned Woodpecker	Leiopicus mahrattensis@ (Latham, 1801)	kx]+nf]-6fps] sfi7s'6	LC	-	Insectivore	R	FB
	PODICIPEDIFORMES
	Podicipedidae
353	Black-necked Grebe	Podiceps nigricollis (Brehm, 1831)	sfnLs07] 9'a'Ns] r/f	LC	-	Carnivore	W	WB
354	Great Crested Grebe	Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	l;p/] 9'a'Ns]r/f	LC	-	Piscivore	W	WB
355	Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764)	9'a'Ns]r/f	LC	-	Carnivore	R	WB
	PSITTACIFORMES
	Psittacidae
356	Alexandrine Parakeet	Psittacula eupatria (Linnaeus, 1766)	s/f{ ;'uf	NT	II	Frugivore	R	FB
357	Plum-headed Parakeet	Psittacula cyanocephala (Linnaeus, 1766)	6'O;L ;'uf	LC	II	Frugivore	R	OF
358	Red-breasted Parakeet	Psittacula alexandri (Linnaeus, 1758)	sfue]nf ;'uf	NT	II	Frugivore	R	FB
359	Rose-ringed Parakeet	Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769)	s07] ;'uf	LC	-	Frugivore	R	FB
360	Slaty-headed Parakeet	Psittacula himalayana* (Lesson, 1832)	dbgf ;'uf	LC	II	Frugivore	R	FB
	STRIGIFORMES
	Strigidae
361	Asian Barred Owlet	Glaucidium cuculoides (Vigors, 1831)	kft] nf6f]sf];]/f]	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
362	Brown Boobook	Ninox scutulata (Raffles, 1822)	x'Ss] nf6f]sf];]/f]	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
363	Brown Fish-owl	Ketupa zeylonensis (Gmelin, 1788)	x'rLn	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
364	Collared Owlet	Glaucidium brodiei* (Burton, 1836)	;fgf] 8'G8'n	LC	II	Carnivore	W	FB
365	Indian Scops-owl	Otus bakkamoena # (Pennant, 1769)	lrqL pNn'	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
366	Jungle Owlet	Glaucidium radiatum (Tickell, 1833)	s's{'/] nf6f]sf];]/f]	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
367	Oriental Scops-owl	Otus sunia (Hodgson, 1836)	nf]v|s] pNn'	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
368	Spot-bellied Eagle-owl	Bubo nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836)	sTn] pNn'	LC	II	Carnivore	R	FB
369	Spotted Owlet	Athene brama (Temminck, 1821)	sf]rnuf8] nf6f]sf];]/f]	LC	II	Carnivore	R	OF
	SULIFORMES
	Anhingidae
370	Oriental Darter	Anhinga melanogaster (Pennant, 1769)	;'O/f]7'8] hnr/L	NT	-	Piscivore	R	WB
	Phalacrocoracidae
371	Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758)	hn]jf	LC	-	Piscivore	W	WB
372	Little Cormorant	Microcarbo niger (Vieillot, 1817)	;fgf] hn]jf	LC	-	Piscivore	R	WB

W—winter migratory | S—summer migratory | P—passage | R—Resident | *—not recorded in 2015–2016 survey | #—not recorded in 2002–2012 survey | @ & $—Adhikari et al. 2003 & Adhikari 2000 that were not recorded in both surveys | %—spotted by Bird Education Society. Migration group and foraging guild were taken from IUCN Red List (IUCN 2020) and Indian Biodiversity Portal (2020).