Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June
2021 | 13(7): 18817–18826
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6481.13.7.18817-18826
#6481 | Received 28 July 2020 | Final received 07 March 2021
| Finally accepted 09 June 2021
New distribution and range extension records of geometrid moths
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from two western Himalayan protected areas
Pritha Dey 1 &
Axel Hausmann 2
1 Present address: Centre for Ecological
Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka
560012, India.
1 Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.
2 SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr,
21, 81247, Germany.
1 dey.pritha126@gmail.com (corresponding
author), 2 hausmann.a@snsb.de
Editor: Roger C. Kendrick, C&R Wildlife, New
Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., China. Date of publication: 26 June
2021 (online & print)
Citation: Dey, P. & A. Hausmann (2021). New distribution and range extension records
of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from two western Himalayan
protected areas. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(7): 18817–18826. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6481.13.7.18817-18826
Copyright: © Dey & Hausmann 2021. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium
by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: The study was funded by the Department of Science
and Technology, Govt. of India, the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD),
and The Rufford Foundation, UK.
Competing interests: The authors declare no
competing interests.
Author details: Pritha
Dey is currently a post-doc at the Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore. Her research interests include taxonomy,
diversity - distribution patterns and evolutionary ecology of moths. Axel
Hausmann currently leads the Department of Entomology, Zoologische
Staatssammlung München and is curator of the Lepidoptera collection. He does
research in Entomology, Zoology, Linnaean Taxonomy and DNA Barcoding.
Author contributions: PD secured funding,
conceived the study and did the data collection; AH verified the taxonomic
details; PD and AH wrote the manuscript.
Acknowledgements: We would like to thank
the director and the dean of Wildlife Institute of India, Dr Virendra Prasad
Uniyal for supervising this study in India. We are grateful to the Uttarakhand
Forest Department for granting permission for the collection of specimens and
the Divisional Forest Officer, Joshimath and his staff for providing logistic
help and support. We are thankful to Deep Singh Chauhan (Dipu) and Prabhat
Singh Bisht for their valuable assistance during fieldwork and sharing their
knowledge about the landscape. We would also wish to extend our gratitude to
the National Biodiversity Authority (India) for giving necessary permission to
bring out moth samples on loan to ZSM, Germany to fulfil the study. The authors
are grateful to Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph for
their help in sequencing the specimens. We would also like to thank Dr Shannon
Currie for proof-reading our manuscript for English competency.
Abstract: This article presents new
distribution and range extension records (including new records from the state
of Uttarakhand) of 12 species of the Geometridae family along with their
taxonomic records. The records are based on field collections, where sampling
was done along elevation and vegetation gradients in the buffer zones of Nanda
Devi Biosphere Reserve and Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, two prominent
protected areas in the western Himalayan Indian state of Uttarakhand. DNA
barcoding was performed for some of the species for confirmation of
identification in addition to the morphological identifications. Voucher
specimens are deposited in a public repository for future reference.
Keywords: DNA barcoding, Ennominae,
Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Larentiinae, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve,
Uttarakhand.
Introduction
Geometridae are the second-largest family of moths, globally
distributed, known to include approximately 24,000 species worldwide (Scoble
& Hausmann 2007; VanNieukerken et al. 2011), whereas 2,041 species are
recorded from India (Kirti et al. 2019). Most species are slenderly built,
generally with weak flying ability, and nocturnal or crepuscular. At rest, the
fasciae of the wing pattern are continuous. Geometrids are recognised by the
presence of paired tympanal organ at the base of the abdomen in adults and the
reduced prolegs in the larvae (Minet & Scoble 1999). This group has also
been the subject of a number of recent large-scale taxonomic and phylogenetic
works (e.g., Sihvonen & Siljander 2005; Sihvonen et al. 2011, 2020; Brehm
et al. 2019; Murillo-Ramos et al. 2019). Although the taxonomy of this family
is well established for the temperate regions, tropical areas still need
large-scale revisions.
Geometrid moths have been established as a model group for biodiversity
studies, community analyses, and ecological research in temperate and tropical
regions (Axmacher et al. 2004, 2009; Brehm et al. 2013, 2018; Beck et al.
2017). They are sensitive to climate change (Cheng et al. 2018) and
environmental conditions, making them an ideal indicator group to monitor
forest recovery and habitat disturbance (New 2004; Beck et al. 2017).
The distribution records of this crucial group of moths with vast
diversity, however, still remain scattered from India. The comprehensive work
on moths of different regions of the biodiverse rough terrains of western
Himalaya, a Biodiversity hotspot within the Indian territory, was mostly
carried out by Hampson (1892, 1894, 1895, 1896) in his ‘Fauna of British India’
series and Cotes & Swinhoe (1887) in ‘A Catalogue of Moths of India’. Some
studies later on focussed on the diversity and taxonomy of geometrid moths from
this region, which include: Pajni & Walia (1984a,b), Walia & Pajni
(1987), Rose (1986), Walia (1988, 2005), Smetacek (2004), Walia & Anju
(2005), Kirti et al. (2007, 2008a,b, 2009, 2011, 2014), and Stüning & Walia
(2009).
From the western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, where our study was
conducted, some prominent work on moth diversity include: Arora (1997),
Smetacek (1994, 2008), Sanyal et al. (2011, 2013, 2017), Dey et al. (2015,
2017), Sanyal (2015), Sondhi & Sondhi (2016) and Dey (2019). Sanyal et al. (2011, 2013) and Dey et al.
(2015, 2017) looked into the diversity and distribution of moth assemblages.
Dey et al. (2019) present a DNA barcode reference library of geometrid species
from western Himalaya. Recently, Chandra
et al. (2019) included moth diversity in two Protected Areas from Uttarakhand.
There is a lot of area still to be studied in this mountainous state to understand
the diversity and the underlying patterns in a more comprehensive way.
Our current study was conducted in two western Himalayan protected
areas: a) Nanda Devi National Park area which is a part of the Nanda Devi
Biosphere Reserve (NDBR). It covers an area of 6,407.03km² (core area: 712.12km2,
buffer zone: 5148.57km2, and transition zone: 546.34km2),
with an altitudinal range of 1,800m–7,816m; and b) The Kedarnath Wildlife
Sanctuary (KWS) (30.416–30.683 N, 78.916–79.366 E). The altitude ranges
1,160–7,068 m covering an area of 975 km2. Both these protected
areas are located in the Chamoli-Rudraprayag District in the state of
Uttarakhand and are the prominent protected areas in the western Himalaya. The
habitats range from mixed oak forests to the lush alpine meadows (Image 1). The
combination of human pressure, pristine forest areas and a large altitudinal
range make them ideal sites for exploring trends in moth diversity.
Here we present new geographic distribution and range extension records
of 12 geometrid species from the state of Uttarakhand which will add to the
distribution data of this family from a threatened and fragmented landscape of
the western Himalaya.
Methods
Sampling methodology
Specimens were collected from the buffer regions of two protected areas
in the western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
(NDBR) and Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS) (Image 2). The study areas were
stratified on the basis of elevation and vegetation types to explore the moth
diversity along these gradients. Sampling was done at every 200 m along the
elevation from 1,500 m to 3,500 m
(details of the collection sites in Table 1). Two light-traps with 12W solar
lamps were operated for the first 3–4 hours from dusk as this is the time of
maximum activity of most geometrid species. Late night sampling was not
possible due to logistic constraints. In
KWS, we used lepiLED (Brehm 2017) to set up the light-trap.
DNA barcoding
Specimens of some species were DNA barcoded (COI 5’ gene aiming at
recovering the 658 bp barcode fragment). To do this, one dry leg was removed
from each specimen with sterile forceps and transferred to a 96-well microplate
preloaded with one drop of 95% ethanol in each well. DNA extraction and
sequencing were performed at the Canadian Centre for DNA barcoding, University
of Guelph, with standardized high-throughput protocols for DNA barcode
amplification and sequencing (Ivanova et al. 2006; deWaard et al. 2008).
Species identification
Identifications of the species in this paper were done with the help of
the literature mentioned in the respective species account and also by
comparing with the Geometridae collections of the Zoologische Staatssammlung
München, Germany, including the famous collection of Claude Herbulot. Voucher
specimens are deposited at the Insect collection section of the Wildlife
Institute of India, Dehradun. In some cases, DNA barcodes provided additional
information on species identity. DNA barcode data are accessible in the public
dataset DS-HIMALGEO on BOLD database (https://doi.org/10.5883/DS-HIMALGEO)
(Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007, 2013).
Species Account
Subfamily: Ennominae
Arichanna tramesata Moore, 1868 (Image 3:1)
Arichanna tramesata Moore, 1868, Proc. zool.
Soc. Lond. 1867:658, pl.33, fig.2 [India: Bengal]
Arichanna tramesata: Hampson (1895), Fauna
of British India (Moths) 3: 290
Arichanna tramesata: Wehrli (1939), in Seitz
Macrolep. World Suppl. IV: 255
Arichanna tramesata: Sato (1993), Moths
of Nepal. Part 2. TINEA. Vol. 13 (Supplement 3). The Japan Heterocerists’
Society, Tokyo. Pl. 34/11.
Distribution in India: Bengal, Sikkim, Khasis (Meghalaya); new record
from the western Himalaya
Arichanna sparsa (Butler, 1890) (Image 3:2)
Icterodes sparsa Butler, 1890,
Entomologist 23:316 [India: Kangra, Dharmsala]
Arichanna sparsa: Prout (1915) in Seitz
Macrolep. World IV: 304, pl. 14 b
Arichanna sparsa: Hampson (1895), Fauna
of British India (Moths) 3: 294
Arichanna sparsa: Sato (1993), Moths
of Nepal. Part 2. TINEA. Vol. 13 (Supplement 3). The Japan Heterocerists’
Society, Tokyo. Pl. 34/2.
Distribution in India: Darjeeling (West Bengal), Dharmsala (Himachal
Pradesh); new record from the state of Uttarakhand
Genetic data: BIN: BOLD: AAJ8159 (BC ZSM Lep 94382, 94384).
Blepharoctenucha virescens (Butler, 1880) (Image 4:3)
Hemerophila virescens Butler, 1880, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (5) vi. P.126 [India: Darjeeling]
Boarmia virescens: Hampson (1895), Fauna
of British India (Moths) 3: 295
Blepharoctenucha virescens: Yazaki
(1992), Moths of Nepal. Part 1. TINEA. Vol. 13 (Supplement 2). The
Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo. Pl. 10/10.
Distribution in India: Sikkim, Darjeeling (West Bengal), Arunachal
Pradesh; new record from western Himalaya
Remarks: The distal parts of the wings show a paler coloration than in
the Nepalese specimen figured in Yazaki (1992).
Subfamily: Larentiinae
Costicoma exangulata (Warren, 1909) (Image 3:3)
Perizoma exangulata Warren, 1909, Novit. Zool.
xvi: 127 [Kashmir: Srinagar]
Thera exangulata: Prout (1914), in Seitz
Macrolep. World Suppl. IV: 217, pl. 8 row l, (113)
Costicoma exangulata: Choi (2000), American
Museum Novitates, no.3295: 19
Distribution in India: Kashmir: Srinagar; new record from the state of
Uttarakhand (Choi 2000 mentions that the species is found in the “northern part
of India”, but no other record is found from other Northern Indian states)
Genetic data: BIN: BOLD: ADF3000 (BC ZSM Lep 94548, 94549).
Dysstroma planifasciata (Prout, 1914)
(Image 3:4)
Cidaria planifasciata Prout, 1914, in Seitz
Macrolep. World IV: 220; pl.13 e [d]; Vol. XII: pl. 32 i [Kashmir: Koksar]
Dysstroma planifasciata: Yazaki (2000),
Moths of Nepal. Part 6. TINEA. Vol. 16 (Supplement 1). The Japan
Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo: 10; Pl. 162/8.
Distribution in India: Kashmir: Koksar (now in Himachal Pradesh);
new record from the state of Uttarakhand
Genetic data: BIN: BOLD:ADF3836 (BC ZSM Lep 94515, 94516).
Remarks: Further research is required to clarify distribution and
species delimitation of the species pair Dysstroma planifasciata and D.
dentifera (Warren, 1896), the latter described from India/Darjeeling.
Cidaria basharica Bang-Haas, 1927 (Image 3:5)
Cidaria basharica Bang-Haas, 1927, Horae.
Macrolep.1: 93, pl. XI: 20 [India: Poo-Bashahr State, Schipki-la]
Cidaria basharica: Prout (1914), in Seitz,
Macrolep. World IV. Suppl (110), pl. 11 b
Cidaria basharica: Yazaki
(2000), Moths of Nepal. Part 6. TINEA. Vol. 16 (Supplement 1). The
Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo. Pl. 162/16.
Distribution in India: Himachal Pradesh; new record from the state of
Uttarakhand
Remarks: Further research is required to clarify distribution and
species delimitation of the species pair Cidaria basharica and C.
antauges Prout, 1938, the latter described from Kashmir/Kokser. Wing
pattern of our record from Uttarakhand is well matching the figure for a
Nepalese specimen in Yazaki (2000), whilst the type of C. basharica shows
a much narrower medial area. It is not excluded that the populations of
Uttarakhand and Nepal belong to C. antauges.
Trichoplites lateritiata (Moore, 1888) (Image 3:6)
Anticlea lateritiata Moore, 1888, in Hewitson
& Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colln late Mr Atkinson: 273.
[India: Darjeeling]
Trichoplites lateritiata: Yazaki
(1993). Moths of Nepal. Part 2. TINEA. Vol. 13 (Supplement 3). The
Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo. Pl. 60/2.
Distribution in India: Darjeeling (West
Bengal), new record from western Himalaya
Rheumaptera melanoplagia (Hampson, 1902) (Image 3:7)
Scotosia melanoplagia Hampson, 1902, J. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Society 14: 512 [Tibet: Yatong; Sikkim]
Calocalpe melanoplagia: Prout (1941), in Seitz,
Macrolep. World XII, pl. 33 h
Calocalpe melanoplagia: Fletcher (1961),
Veröff. Zool. Staatssamml. München 6: 171.
Rheumaptera melanoplagia: Yazaki
(1995), Moths of Nepal. Part 4. TINEA. Vol. 14 (Supplement 2). The
Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo. Pl. 97/20.
Triphosa melanoplagia: Scoble (ed., 1999).
Geometrid Moths of the World, a Catalogue.
Distribution in India: Sikkim (Dudgeon); new record from western
Himalaya
Genetic data: BIN: BOLD:ADF3132 (BC ZSM Lep 94404)
Remarks: Sanyal et al. 2017 mentions this record by PD. A long series of
this species from Western Nepal province shows a broader forewing costal spot
in almost all of the >200 specimens.
Photoscotosia dejuncta Prout, 1937 (Image 3: 8)
Photoscotosia dejuncta Prout, 1937: in Seitz,
Macrolep. World IV, Suppl.: 103, pl. 10 d [Kashmir: Gulmarg]
Distribution: Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Spiti Valley (Herbulot
Collection, ZSM), new record from the state of Uttarakhand
Genetic data: BIN: BOLD:AAE6530 (BC ZSM Lep 94391), BIN-sharing with
nominotypical P. dejuncta, but slightly diverging.
Remarks: Identified in the collection Herbulot in Zoologische
Staatssammlung Munich, Germany, as “Photoscotosia dejuncta occidens
Herbulot” which apparently is an unpublished manuscript name intended for the
populations from Himachal Pradesh which differ from nominotypical P.
dejuncta by a more greyish coloration and the missing pale costal spot near
the forewing apex. This name was used in Dey et al. (2019) without description
(nomen nudum). Yazaki (1995) described Photoscotosia pallidimacula based
on specimens from central Nepal, showing paler forewings and a broadly white
hindwing costa. More research is needed to clarify the taxonomy and species
delimitation in this group.
Perizoma conjuncta Warren, 1893 (Image 3:9)
Perizoma conjuncta Warren, 1893: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond.: 381. [Burma: E Pegu]
Larentia conjuncta: Hampson (1895), Fauna
of British India (Moths) 3: 374.
Perizoma conjuncta: Prout (1939), in Seitz,
Macrolep. World XII: 279
Perizoma conjuncta: Inoue
(2000), Moths of Nepal. Part 6. TINEA. Vol. 16 (Supplement 1). The
Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo. Pl. 166/20.
Distribution in India: Khasis (Meghalaya), new
record from western Himalaya
Genetic data: BIN: BOLD:ADF4467 (BC ZSM Lep 94466, 94484).
Perizoma plumbeata (Moore, 1888) (Image 4:1)
Anticlea plumbeata Moore, 1888, Descr. new
Indian lepid. Insects Colln. Late Mr. W.S. Atkinson (3): 273. [India:
Darjeeling]
Larentia plumbeata: Hampson (1895), Fauna
of British India (Moths) 3: 376
Perizoma plumbeata: Inoue
(2000), Moths of Nepal. Part 6. TINEA. Vol. 16 (Supplement 1). The
Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo. Pl. 166/23.
Distribution in India: Himachal Pradesh, Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal
Pradesh; new record from the state of Uttarakhand
Perizoma hockingii (Butler, 1889) (Image 4: 2)
Eupithecia hockingii Butler, 1889: Illust.
typical lepid. Heterocera Colln Br. Mus. 7: 115, pl. 137: 12. [India: Kangra,
Dharmsala]
Larentia hockingii: Hampson (1895), Fauna
of British India (Moths) 3: 376
Perizoma hockingii: Inoue
(2000), Moths of Nepal. Part 6. TINEA. Vol. 16 (Supplement 1). The
Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo. Pl. 166/28.
Distribution in India: Sikkim, Dharmsala (Himachal Pradesh); new record
from the state of Uttarakhand.
Discussion
Our study clearly highlights the gaps in the existing distributional
data for moths, especially in western Himalaya and reiterates the effectiveness
of an integrative biodiversity assessment in a hyper-diverse taxon. So far, the
moth diversity of the western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand has just been
investigated sporadically. Roonwal et al. (1963), a report of the entomological
collections of the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun was among the first
publications recording moths from this state. Later on, several other
publications, as mentioned in the introduction have contributed to the
understanding of the diversity and distribution of moths from this western
Himalayan state. Sanyal (2015), Sanyal et al. (2017), Dey (2019), and Dey et
al. (2019) have focussed on the diversity and distributions of geometrid moths
specifically; however, serious gaps still remain as these studies could not
cover the entire elevational/habitat range, which would provide a more
comprehensive understanding of the diversity and the ecological processes
governing their distributions. Recently, global insect decline has been in the
spotlight (Hallmann et al. 2017; Lister & Garcia 2018) and it is time that
concerted efforts towards documenting and monitoring insect populations are set
in place, specifically in the global biodiversity hotspots. Rapid deforestation
and urbanization magnify the problem, whereby we might lose critical habitats
for the survival of specialised species. Such declines are a sober warning of
wider environmental changes, and new distribution records will increase the
biological knowledge required to understand the wider impact of such changes.
Also, it will work towards fostering increased interest towards moths, which is
critical in this endeavour. Some new records reported in this paper from the
surroundings of Kedarnath Wildlife sanctuary were a part of a moth-survey
project
(https://www.rufford.org/projects/pritha-dey/high-altitude-moth-lepidoptera-heterocera-assemblages-assessing-the-diversity-and-potential-bio-indicator-species-in-kedarnath-wildlife-sanctuary-india/)
which simultaneously allowed us (a) to document moths from a hitherto
unexplored area and (b) to conduct citizen-science workshops to spread
awareness on moths. Our findings highlight the need for more such surveys to
document the moth diversity across the wide elevation and habitat gradients in
the western Himalayan region, where the Oriental and Palearctic biogeographic
elements overlap, and which is home to unique biodiversity (Meinertzhagen
1928). Future endeavours of such kind will not only add to the current
database, but will help in bringing the spotlight on the need for moth
conservation in a fragmented, threatened landscape, in the largest mountain
system in the world.
Table 1. List of species with
details of the collection location and the type of forest.
Subfamily |
Genus |
Species |
Author |
Location |
Lat. |
Long. |
Elevation (in m) |
Forest type |
Ennominae |
Arichanna |
tramesata |
Moore, 1868 |
NDBR (Lata vill.), KWS (Kanchula, Jatholi |
30.492 |
79.714 |
2399 |
MO |
Ennominae |
Arichanna |
sparsa |
Butler, 1890 |
NDBR (Lata) |
30.494 |
79.713 |
2320 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.494 |
79.713 |
2339 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.495 |
79.721 |
2544 |
WMC |
Ennominae |
Blepharoctenuc-ha |
virescens |
Butler, 1880 |
KWS (Anasuya, Jatholi, Kanchula, Mandal) |
30.472 |
79.288 |
1766 |
MO |
|
|
|
|
|
30.460 |
79.230 |
2636 |
OM |
|
|
|
|
|
30.460 |
79.270 |
1617 |
MO |
Larentiinae |
Costicoma |
exangulata |
Warren, 1909 |
NDBR (Lata gradient) |
30.495 |
79.721 |
2526 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.495 |
79.727 |
2913 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.496 |
79.738 |
2905 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.499 |
79.743 |
3310 |
WHBF |
Larentiinae |
Dysstroma |
planifasciata |
Prout, 1914 |
NDBR (Joshimath, Lata) |
30.554 |
79.547 |
2107 |
LLBP |
|
|
|
|
|
30.546 |
79.554 |
2414 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.520 |
79.559 |
3141 |
KO |
|
|
|
|
|
30.521 |
79.559 |
3152 |
KO |
|
|
|
|
|
30.495 |
79.727 |
2913 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.496 |
79.738 |
2905 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.499 |
79.743 |
3310 |
WHBF |
|
|
|
|
|
30.499 |
79.743 |
3327 |
WHBF |
Larentiinae |
Cidaria |
basharica |
Bang-Haas, 1927 |
NDBR (Malari village) |
30.684 |
79.889 |
3042 |
Inside village |
Larentiinae |
Trichoplites |
lateritata |
Moore, 1888 |
NDBR (Lata gradient) |
30.495 |
79.722 |
2553 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.495 |
79.721 |
2544 |
WMC |
Larentiinae |
Rheumaptera |
melanoplagia |
Hampson, 1902 |
NDBR, KWS |
30.522 |
79.564 |
2977 |
WHUOF |
|
|
|
|
|
30.520 |
79.559 |
3141 |
KO |
Larentiinae |
Photoscotosia |
dejuncta |
|
NDBR (Lata, Ghangariya) |
30.494 |
79.728 |
2766 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.500 |
79.744 |
3373 |
WHBF |
|
|
|
|
|
30.497 |
79.749 |
3775 |
WHBF |
|
|
|
|
|
30.497 |
79.749 |
3768 |
WHBF |
|
|
|
|
|
30.699 |
79.592 |
3213 |
Inside village |
Larentiinae |
Perizoma |
conjuncta |
Warren, 1893 |
NDBR (Joshima-th, Lata) |
30.555 |
79.547 |
2108 |
LLBP |
|
|
|
|
|
30.495 |
79.705 |
2126 |
LLBP |
|
|
|
|
|
30.494 |
79.705 |
2152 |
LLBP |
|
|
|
|
|
30.494 |
79.705 |
2164 |
LLBP |
|
|
|
|
|
30.495 |
79.705 |
2143 |
LLBP |
|
|
|
|
|
30.495 |
79.727 |
2913 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.496 |
79.738 |
2905 |
WMC |
|
|
|
|
|
30.499 |
79.743 |
3310 |
WHBF |
Larentiinae |
Perizoma |
plumbeata |
Moore, 1888 |
KWS (Gondi) |
30.468 |
79.261 |
1638 |
MO |
Larentiinae |
Perizoma |
hockingii |
Butler, 1889 |
KWS (Shokharak) |
30.478 |
79.216 |
3067 |
AR |
|
|
|
|
|
30.545 |
79.554 |
2433 |
WMC |
NDBR—Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve | KWS—Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary |
MO—Mixed Oak | WMC—Western Mix Coniferous | OM—Oak-Maple | WHBF—Western
Himalayan Birch-Fir | LLBP—Low level blue Pine | WHUOF—Western Himalayan upper
oak-fir | AR—Alpine rhododendron.
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