Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2021 | 13(11): 19580–19602
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6336.13.11.19580-19602
#6336 | Received 27 June 2020 | Final
received 17 July 2021 | Finally accepted 19 July 2021
A reference of identification
keys to plant-parasitic nematodes (Nematoda: Tylenchida\ Tylenchomorpha)
Reza Ghaderi 1,
Manouchehr Hosseinvand 2 &
Ali Eskandari 3
1 Department of Plant Protection,
School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran.
2,3 Department of Plant Protection,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran.
1 rghaderi@shirazu.ac.ir (corresponding
author), 2 m.houseinvand@gmail.com, 3 eskandari.a@znu.ac.ir
Editor: Anonymity
requested. Date of publication:
26 September 2021 (online & print)
Citation: Ghaderi, R., M. Hosseinvand
& A. Eskandari (2021). A reference of identification keys
to plant-parasitic nematodes (Nematoda: Tylenchida\ Tylenchomorpha). Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(11): 19580–19602. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6336.13.11.19580-19602
Copyright: © Ghaderi et al. 2021. Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium
by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: None.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing
interests.
Author details: Reza Ghaderi is an Assistant Professor of
plant nematology at Shiraz University, Iran, working on identification and
management of plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly Merliniidae,
Telotylenchidae and Tylenchulidae. Manouchehr Hosseinvand is a PhD student
of plant pathology (Nematology) at University of Zanjan, Iran, currently
working on identification of the plant-parasitic nematodes of the families
Tylenchidae, Merliniidae and Telotylenchidae in southwestern regions of
Iran. Ali
Eskandari is an Associated Professor of Nematology at University of
Zanjan, working on identification of plant and soil nematodes particularly
Criconematoidea.
Author contributions: All the three authors have
contributed throughout the preparation of the manuscript.
Acknowledgements: We wish to gratefully thank the
kind help of Dr. Renauld Fortuner (Université de Poitiers, France) and Dr. Erum
Yawar Iqbal (University of Karachi, Pakistan) for providing of some papers.
Abstract: The present review has documented
a list of keys for identifying plant-parasitic nematodes at different taxonomic
levels including superfamily, family, subfamily, genus, and species. It was
compiled as a current source of information to assist students and
professionals in the discipline of nematology for identification of this
important group of soil nematodes.
Keywords: Compendium, identification key,
Longidoridae, Trichodoridae.
Introduction
While working on plant-parasitic
nematodes, taxonomists have been documenting several identification keys on
this group of nematodes. Although the work by Lewis et al. (1999) can be
regarded as a very good documentation including a list of keys and references
for identifying species of selected genera of plant-parasitic nematodes, it
doesn’t cover a large part of current information provided in the literature.
For having a view on
classification and general identification of plant-parasitic nematodes, readers
may find very helpful the following general references beside of identification
keys documented in the present paper: May & Lyon (1975), Ebsary (1991),
Nickle (1991), Siddiqi (2000), Andrássy (2007), Hodda (2011), and
Manzanilla-López & Marbán-Mendoza (2012). The landmark collection of papers
on reappraisal of Tylenchina published in Revue de Nématologie during 1987 and
1988, is also highly recommended to obtain an excellent insight on the
systematics of plant-parasitic nematodes.
In the present paper,
nomenclature and systematics follow that of De Ley & Blaxter (2002, 2004)
and Kashi & Karegar (2018) with slight modification. We have tried that the
present work to be a comprehensive reference for identification keys to
plant-parasitic nematodes; however, some works may be overlooked and thus not
included in the list. Keys for identifying plant-parasitic nematodes at
different taxonomic levels including superfamily, family, subfamily, genus, and
species level are referred. The number of treated taxa is mentioned whenever
data (full paper) was available. Taxa are arranged alphabetically, and for each
taxon, keys are written based on the order of the year of publication, from the
newest to the oldest. Dichotomous keys are simply named ‘key’, and diagnostic
compendiums or tabular keys as ‘compendium’ throughout the paper.
Keys to plant-parasitic nematodes
Phylum Nematoda Potts, 1932: Andrássy 2007, Hunt 1995, Hopper
& Cairns 1959
Class Chromadorea Inglis, 1983
Subclass Chromadoria Pearse, 1942
Order Rhabditida Chitwood, 1933
Suborder Tylenchina Thorne, 1949:
Mekete et al.
2012 (pictorial key for agriculturally important plant-parasitic nematodes),
Andrássy 2007 (key for taxa), Eisenback 2002 (pictorial key for 23 genera),
Bell 2002 (computerized key for 30 genera), Siddiqi 2000 (key for families and
genera), Brzeski 1998 (key for genera), Bongers 1988 (key for nematodes of the
Netherlands), Anderson & Mulvey 1979 (pictorial key for genera in Canada),
Mai & Lyon 1975 (pictorial key for genera)
Note: This taxon includes plant-parasitic
and bacteriovorous nematodes; the above-mentioned keys are only for
plant-parasitic taxa.
Infraorder Tylenchomorpha De Ley
& Blaxter, 2002
Superfamily Aphelenchoidea Fuchs,
1937: Miraeiz 2018
(key for genera) [in Persian], Kanzaki & Giblin-Davis 2012 (key for 2
families), Andrássy 2007 (key for 8 families, as order Aphelenchida), Hunt 1993
(key for 2 families)
Note: Aphelenchid nematodes have been
treated under different levels of classificaton in literature: order
Aphelenchida, subfamily Aphelenchina, or superfamily Aphelenchoidea. We
consider them as a superfamily herein.
Family Aphelenchidae Fuchs, 1937:
Kanzaki &
Giblin-Davis 2012 (key for 2 subfamilies), Hunt 1993 (key for 2 subfamilies)
Subfamily Aphelenchinae Fuchs,
1937
Aphelenchus Bastian, 1865: Andrássy 2007 (key for 4 European
species), Nama & Soni 1981, Anderson & Hooper 1980
Subfamily Paraphelenchinae T.
Goodey, 1951
Paraphelenchus Micoletzky, 1922: Ryss 2013 (key and compendium for
23 species), Carta et al. 2011 (compendium for 23 species), Andrássy
2007 (key for 7 European species)
Family Aphelenchoididae
Skarbilovich, 1947: Kanzaki & Giblin-Davis 2012 (key for 6 subfamilies and 29 genera),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 12 genera), Hunt 1993 (key for 6 subfamilies)
Subfamily Acugutturinae Hunt,
1980: Andrássy 2007
(key for 3 genera), Hunt 1993 (key for 3 genera)
Acugutturus Hunt, 1980
Noctuidonema Remillet & Silvain, 1988
Vampyronema Hunt, 1993
Subfamily Aphelenchoidinae
Skarbilovich, 1947: Hunt 1993 (key for 7 genera)
Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894: Andrássy 2007 (key for 47
European species), Shahina 1996 (compendium for 141 species), Sanwal 1961 (key
for 35 species), Thorne & Malek 1968 (key for 7 species)
Anomyctus Allen, 1940
Basilaphelenchus Pedram, Kanzaki, Giblin-Davis
& Pourjam, 2018
Laimaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937: Asghari et al. 2012 (key
for 15 species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 3 European species), Oro et al. (2015)
(key to 16 species).
Punchaulus De Ley & Coomans, 1996
Robustodorus Andrássy, 2007
Ruehmaphelenchus J.B. Goodey, 1963
Schistonchus Cobb, 1927: Davies et al. 2010 (key
and compendium for 4 nominal species and 12 morphospecies in Australia)
Sheraphelenchus Nickle, 1970
Subfamily Ektaphelenchinae
Paramonov, 1964: Andrássy 2007 (key for 4 genera), Hunt 1993 (key for 4 genera)
Cryptaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937
Devibursaphelenchus Kakuliya, 1967
Ektaphelenchoides Baujard, 1984
Ektaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937
Subfamily Entaphelenchinae
Nickle, 1970: Andrássy 2007
(key for 4 genera)
Entaphelenchus Wachek, 1955
Peraphelenchus Wachek, 1955
Praecocilenchus Poinar, 1969
Roveaphelenchus Nickle, 1970
Subfamily Parasitaphelenchinae
Rühm, 1956
Parasitaphelenchus Fuchs, 1929
Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937: Andrássy 2007 (key for 33
European species), Ryss et al. 2005 (key and compendium for 75 species),
Yin et al. 1988 (key and compendium for 44 species), Tarjan & Aragon
1982, Maria et al. 2016 (key to 19 species of hofmanni-group).
Subfamily Sinurinae Husain &
Khan, 1967: Andrássy 2007
(key for 3 genera), Hunt 1993 (key for 4 genera)
Aprutides Scognamiglio, Talame’ &
S’Jacob, 1970
Papuaphelenchus Andrássy, 1973
Seinura Fuchs, 1931: Andrássy 2007 (key for 15
European species), Shahina & Hunt 1995 (compendium for 39 species)
Subfamily Tylaphelenchinae
Kanzaki, Li, Lan & Giblin-Davis, 2014
Pseudaphelenchus Kanzaki & Giblin-Davis, 2009
in Kanzaki et al. (2009)
Tylaphelenchus Rühm, 1956
Superfamily Criconematoidea
Taylor, 1936: Cid del Prado
Vera & Talavera 2012 (key for 3 families), Andrássy 2007 (key for
families), Siddiqi 1980 (key for families)
Note: Siddiqi (2000) considered this
group as suborder Criconematina, and prodided identification keys for all taxa
from genus to superfamily level.
Family Criconematidae Taylor,
1936: Cid del Prado
Vera & Talavera 2012 (key for 3 subfamilies and 9 genera), Geraert 2010
(key for 18 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 17 genera), Wouts 2006 (key for
taxa of New Zealand), Andrássy 1979 (key for taxa), De Grisse 1969 (key and
compendium for taxa)
Subfamily Blandicephalanematinae
Geraert, 2010
Amphisbaenema Orton Williams, 1982: Geraert 2010 (description of 1
species)
Blandicephalanema Mehta & Raski, 1971: Geraert 2010 (key for 5 species)
Subfamily Criconematinae Taylor,
1936
Criconema Hofmänner & Menzel, 1914: Geraert 2010 (key for 99
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 15 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 6
European species), Yeates et al. 1997 (key for 19 species), Golden &
Friedman 1964 (key for 30 species)
Croserinema Khan, Chawla & Saha, 1976: Geraert 2010 (key for 3 species),
Crozzoli & Lamberti 2002 (key for 5 species from Venezuela)
Crossonema Mehta & Raski, 1971: Geraert 2010 (key for 35
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 5 European species)
Lobocriconema De Grisse & Loof, 1965: Geraert 2010 (key for 19 species)
Neolobocriconema Mehta & Raski, 1971: Geraert 2010 (key for 11
species), Hashim 1984
Ogma Southern, 1914: Geraert 2010 (key for 77
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 9 European species), Crozzoli & Lamberti
2002 (key for 3 species from Venezuela), Brzeski 1998 (key for 8 European
species), Van den Berg & Quinéhérve 1995 (key and compendium for 10 species
with predominantly 12 longitudinal rows of cuticular scales), Minagawa 1993
(compendium for 13 species)
Orphreyus Siddiqi, 2000: Geraert 2010 (key for 3 species)
Pateracephalanema Mehta & Raski, 1971: Geraert 2010 (key for 3 species)
Subfamily Discocriconemellinae
Geraert, 2010
Discocriconemella De Grisse & Loof, 1965: Geraert 2010 (key for 29 species)
Xenocriconemella De Grisse & Loof, 1965: Geraert 2010 (key for 2 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 2 European species)
Subfamily Hemicriconemoidinae
Andrássy, 1979
Hemicriconemoides Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957: Geraert 2010 (key for 51
species), Esser & Vovlas 1990 (compendium for species), Germani & Luc
1970, Dasgupta et al. 1969 (key for 16 species)
Subfamily Macroposthoniinae
Skarbilovich, 1959
Bakernema Wu, 1964: Geraert 2010 (key for 2 species),
Ebsary 1982
Criconemoides Taylor, 1936: Geraert 2010 (key for 45
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 10 European species), Brzeski et al. 2002
(compendium for 34 species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 4 European species), Ebsary
1979, Mehta & Raski 1971, Tarjan 1966 (key and compendium for 89 species
including Mesocriconema species), Raski & Golden 1966 (key for 85
species including Mesocriconema species), De Grisse & Loof 1965,
Raski 1952 (key for 22 species)
Mesocriconema Andrássy, 1965: Geraert 2010 (key for 90
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 25 European species), Brzeski et al. 2002
(compendium for 90 species), Crozzoli & Lamberti 2001 (key for 11 species
from Venezuela), Brzeski 1998 (key for 17 European species), Loof & De
Grisse 1989
Neobakernema Ebsary, 1981: Geraert 2010 (key for 7 species)
Nothocriconemoides Maas, Loof & De Grisse,
1971: Geraert 2010
(key for 2 species)
Family Hemicycliophoridae
Skarbilovich, 1959: Chitambar & Subbotin 2014 (key for 2 subfamilies), Cid del Prado
Vera & Talavera 2012 (key for 2 subfamilies and 4 genera), Andrássy 2007
(key for 4 genera), Siddiqi 1980 (key for taxa)
Subfamily Caloosiinae Siddiqi,
1980: Chitambar
& Subbotin 2014 (key for 2 genera)
Caloosia Siddiqi & Goodey, 1964: Chitambar & Subbotin 2014
(key and compendium for 8 species)
Hemicaloosia Ray & Das, 1978: Chitambar & Subbotin 2014
(key and compendium for 9 species); Zeng et al. 2012 (key and compendium
for 7 species)
Subfamily Hemicycliophorinae
Skarbilovich, 1959: Siddiqi 1980 (key for 4 genera)
Hemicycliophora de Man, 1921: Chitambar & Subbotin 2014
(key and compendium for 132 species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 16 European
species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 12 European species), Van den Berg 1987,
Brzeski & Ivanova 1978, Eroshenko 1976, Loof 1976, Brzeski 1974, Loof 1968,
Schoemaker 1967 (key for 44 species)
Family Tylenchulidae
Skarbilovich, 1947: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (key for 4 subfamilies and 8 genera), Cid del
Prado Vera & Talavera 2012 (key for 4 subfamilies and 7 genera), Raski 1991
(key for 3 subfamilies)
Subfamily Meloidoderitinae
Kirjanova & Poghossian, 1973
Meloidoderita Poghossian, 1966: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (key
for 4 species), Raski 1991 (key for 3 species)
Subfamily Paratylenchinae Thorne,
1949: Ghaderi et
al. 2016 (key for 3 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 5 genera), Esser 1992
(compendium for 148 species), Raski 1991 (key for 3 genera)
Cacopaurus Thorne, 1943: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (description
of 1 species)
Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (key for 130
species), Ghaderi et al. 2014 (key and compendium for 117 species), Andrássy
2007 (key for 30 European species under Paratylenchus or Gracilacus),
Brzeski 1998 (key for 16 European species, compendium for 108 species), Raski
1991 (key for 97 species under Paratylenchus and Gracilacus),
Pinochet & Raski 1977 (amended key of Raski 1975), Raski 1976 (key for 29
species with stylet longer than 40 µm), Raski 1975 (key for 47 species with
stylet under 40 µm), Soloveva 1975 (key for 44 species), Wu 1975 (key for 10
Canadian species), Geraert 1965 (key for 39 species)
Tylenchocriconema Raski & Siddiqui, 1975: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (description
of 1 species)
Subfamily Sphaeronematinae Raski
& Sher, 1952: Andrássy 2007 (key for 4 genera including Meloidoderita)
Sphaeronema Raski & sher, 1952: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (key for 9
species), Raski 1991 (key for 8 species)
Subfamily Tylenchulinae
Skarbilovich, 1947: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (key for 3 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 2
genera), Raski 1991 (key for 5 genera including Meloidoderita and Sphaeronema)
Boomerangia Siddiqi, 1994: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (key for 2
species)
Trophotylenchulus Raski, 1957: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (key for 14
species), Raski 1991 (key for 10 species under Trophotylenchulus and Trophonema)
Tylenchulus Cobb, 1913: Ghaderi et al. 2016 (key for 5
species), Tanha Maafi et al. 2012 (key for 5 species), Raski 1991 (key for 4
species), Inserra et al. 1988 (key for 4 species)
Superfamily Tylenchoidea Örley,
1880
Family Dolichodoridae Whitehead,
1959: Hunt et al.
2013 (key for 6 subfamilies), Geraert 2011 (key for 7 subfamilies), Smart &
Nguyen 1991 (key for 3 genera)
Subfamily Belonolaiminae
Whitehead, 1960: Hunt et al. 2013 (key for 4 genera), Geraert 2011 (key for 4 genera),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 4 genera), Smart & Nguyen 1991 (key for 5 genera)
Belonolaimus Steiner, 1949: Geraert 2011 (key for 5 species),
Smart & Nguyen 1991 (key for 9 species), Rau 1963 (key for 5 species), Cid
Del Prado & Subbotin 2012 (key to 6 species)
Carphodorus Colbran, 1965: Geraert 2011 (description of 1
species)
Ibipora Monteiro & Lordello, 1977: Geraert 2011 (key for 5 species)
Morulaimus Sauer, 1966: Geraert 2011 (key for 8 species),
Smart & Nguyen 1991 (key for 6 species)
Subfamily Brachydorinae Siddiqi,
2000
Brachydorus de Guiran & Germani, 1968: Geraert 2011 (key for 3 species)
Subfamily Dolichodorinae Chitwood
in Chitwood & Chitwood, 1950: Hunt et al. 2013 (key for 2 genera), Geraert 2011 (key
for 2 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 3 genera), Smart & Nguyen 1991 (key
for 3 genera), Lewis & Golden 1981 (key for 3 genera)
Dolichodorus Cobb, 1914: Geraert 2011 (key for 17
species), Guirado et al. 2007 (key and compendium for 17 species), Smart &
Nguyen 1991 (key for 15 species), Lewis & Golden 1981 (key for 9 species),
Smart & Khuong 1985 (key for 13 species), Grove et al. 1985, Loof &
Sharma 1975, Esser 1989
Neodolichodorus Andrássy, 1976: Geraert 2011 (key for 12
species), Smart & Nguyen 1991 (key for 7 species)
Subfamily Macrotrophurinae
Fotedar & Handoo, 1978
Macrotrophurus Loof, 1958: Geraert 2011 (description of 1
species)
Subfamily Meiodorinae Siddiqi,
1976
Meiodorus Siddiqi, 1976: Geraert 2011 (key for 3 species).
Family Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971:
Ghaderi et
al. 2017 (key for8 genera), Hunt et al. 2013 (key for 5 genera), Sturhan
2012 (compendium for 7 genera), Geraert 2011 (key for 3 genera)
Subfamily Merliniinae Siddiqi,
1971
Amplimerlinius Siddiqi, 1976: Ghaderi & Karegar 2014,
Geraert 2011 (key for 22 species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 11 European species),
Brzeski 1998 (key for 5 European species), Shaw & Khan 1992 (key for 7
species), Bello et al. 1987 (compendium for 14 species), Brzeski 1985, Hooper
1978 (key and compendium for 9 species)
Geocenamus Thorne & Malek, 1968: Geraert 2011 (key for 69 species
of Geocenamus, Merlinius and Paramerlinius), Chitambar
& Ferris 2005 (key and compendium for 12 species), Smart & Nguyen 1991
(key for 7 species), Hooper 1978 (key and compendium for 3 species), Tarjan 1973
(key and compendium for 3 species)
Macrotylenchus Sturhan, 2012: Ghaderi et al. 2017 (key for 3
species)
Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970: Ghaderi et al. 2017 (key for 31
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 9 European species), Handoo et al. 2007
(key and compendium for 32 species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 19 European species,
compendium for 77 species including Geocenamus and Scutylenchus
species), Brzeski 1992 (supplement for the key in Brzeski 1991), Brzeski 1991
(key for 67 species including Geocenamus and Scutylenchus
species), Hooper 1978 (key and compendium for 46 species including Scutylenchus
species), Tarjan 1973 (key and compendium for 38 species including Scutylenchus
species)
Nagelus Thorne & Malek, 1968: Ghaderi et al. 2017 (key for 9
species), Geraert 2011 (key for 27 species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 8 European
species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 2 European species), Powers et al. 1983
(compendium for 6 species)
Paramerlinius Sturhan, 2012: Ghaderi et al. 2017 (key
for 11 species)
Scutylenchus Jairajpuri, 1971: Ghaderi & Karegar 2016 (key
and compendium for 32 species including Geocenamus species), Xu et al.
2012 (key for 24 species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 9 European species),
Skwiercz 1984 (key for 15 species)
Telomerlinius Siddiqi & Sturhan, 2014: Siddiqi & Sturhan 2014 (key
for 2 species)
Subfamily Pratylenchoidinae
Sturhan, 2012
Pratylenchoides Winslow, 1958: Ghaderi & Karegar 2014 (key
and compendium for 26 species), Geraert 2013 (key for 29 species), Ryss 2007
(key and compendium for 26 species) [in Russian], Andrássy 2007 (key for 17
European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 7 European species), Talavera &
Tobar 1996 (key for 23 species), Loof 1991 (key for 19 species), Baldwin et al.
1983 (key for 14 species), Ryss 1980.
Family Telotylenchidae Siddiqi,
1960: Hunt et al.
2013 (key for 9 genera), Geraert 2011 (key for 9 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key
for 18 genera including those in Merliniidae), Jairajpuri & Hunt 1984 (key
for 11 genera), Hooper 1978 (key for 3 subfamilies and 13 genera including
those in Merliniidae), Tarjan 1973 (key for 8 genera including Merliniidae
genera).
Subfamily Telotylenchinae
Siddiqi, 1960: Jairajpuri
& Hunt 1984 (key for 11 genera)
Bitylenchus Filipjev, 1934: Hosseinvand et al. 2020 (key for
140 species including Tylenchorhynchus and Sauertylenchus),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 12 European species), Jairajpuri 1982.
Histotylenchus Siddiqi, 1971: Geraert 2011 (key for 7 species)
Macrotrophurus Loof, 1958: Geraert 2011 (description of 1
species)
Neodolichorhynchus Jairajpuri & Hunt, 1984: Geraert 2011 (key for 20
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 6 European species), Jairajpuri & Hunt
1994 (key for 11 species under Neodlichorhynchus, Dolichorhynchus
Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1974 and Tessellus Jairajpuri & Hunt, 1984),
Erum et al. 2011 (key to 9 species).
Paratrophurus Arias, 1970: Geraert 2011 (key for 18
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 3 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 2
European species), Castillo et al. 1989 (key for 12 species), Hooper 1978 (key
and compendium for 5 species)
Quinisulcius Siddiqi, 1971: Geraert 2011 (key for 17
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 5 European species), Maqbool 1982 (key for 10
species), Hooper 1978 (key and compendium for 9 species), Tarjan 1973 (key and
compendium for 7 species).
Sauertylenchus Sher, 1974: Hosseinvand et al. 2020 (key for
140 species including Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus), Geraert
2011 (description of 1 species).
Telotylenchus Siddiqi, 1960: Geraert 2011 (key for 19 species)
Trichotylenchus Whitehead, 1960: Geraert 2011 (key for 31 species)
Trophurus Loof, 1956: Geraert 2011 (key for 14
species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 2 European species), Kleynhans & Cadet 1994
(key and compendium for 14 species), Hooper 1978 (key and compendium for 7
species).
Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913: Hosseinvand et al. 2020 (key for
140 species including Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus), Ganguly et
al. 2013 (compendium to 158 species), Geraert 2011 (key for 133 species
including Bitylenchus species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 16 European
species), Handoo 2000 (key and compendium for 111 species), Brzeski &
Dolinski 1998 (compendium for 177 species of Tylenchorhynchus sensu lato),
Brzeski 1998 (key for 9 European species and compendium for 160 species of Tylenchorhynchus
sensu lato), Hooper 1978 (key and compendium for 55 species), Tarjan
1973 (key and compendium for 46 species), Tarjan 1964 (key and diagnostic
compendium for 88 species of Tylenchorhynchus sensu lato), Thorne &
Malek 1968 (key for 9 species), Allen 1955 (key for 34 species of Tylenchorhynchus
sensu lato).
Family Hoplolaimidae Filipjev,
1934: Andrássy 2007
(key for 13 genera excluding cyst and cystoid nematodes), Krall 1990 (key for 3
subfamilies)
Subfamily Acontylinae Fotedar
& Handoo, 1978
Acontylus Meagher, 1968
Subfamily Aphasmatylenchinae
Sher, 1965
Aphasmatylenchus Sher, 1965
Subfamily Ataloderinae Wouts,
1973: Ghaderi 2019
(key and compendium for 9 genera)
Atalodera Wouts & Sher, 1971: Ghaderi 2019 (key for 9 species)
Bellodera Wouts, 1985: Ghaderi 2019 (description of 1
species)
Camelodera Krall, Shagalina & Ivanova,
1988: Ghaderi 2019
(description of 1 species)
Cryphodera Colbran, 1966: Ghaderi 2019 (key for 7 species),
Zhou et al. 2014 (key for 7 species), Karssen & Van Aelst 1999 (key for 6
species)
Ekphymatodera Bernard & Mundo-Ocampo, 1989:
Ghaderi 2019
(description of 1 species)
Hylonema Luc, Taylor & Cadet, 1978: Ghaderi 2019 (description of 1
species)
Rhizonemella (Cid del Prado, Lownsbery &
Maggenti, 1983) Andrássy, 2007: Ghaderi 2019 (description of 1 species)
Sarisodera Wouts & Sher, 1971: Ghaderi 2019 (description of 1
species)
Subfamily Heteroderinae Filipjev
& Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941: Subbotin & Franco 2012 (key for 8 genera),
Subbotin et al. 2010 (key for 7 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 18 genera
including cystoid nematodes), Handoo 2002, Wouts & Baldwin 1998 (key for 6
genera), Baldwin & Mundo-Ocampo 1991 (key for 16 genera in Heteroderinae,
Ataloderinae and Meloidoderinae), Baldwin & Schouest 1990, Lamberti &
Taylor 1986 (key for 6 genera and 59 species), Golden 1986 (key for 6 genera
and 59 species), Wouts 1985, Mulvey & Golden 1983 (key and compendium for 6
genera and 34 species).
Betulodera Sturhan, 2002: Subbotin et al. 2010 (description
of 1 species)
Cactodera Krall & Krall, 1978: Cid del Prado Vera & Subbotin
2014 (key for 14 species), Subbotin et al. 2010 (key and compendium for 13
species), Cid del Prado Vera & Miranda 2008 (key for 14 species), Graney
& Bird 1990 (key and compendium for 7 species)
Dolichodera Mulvey & Ebsary, 1980: Subbotin et al. 2010 (description
of 1 species)
Globodera Skarbilovich, 1959: Subbotin et al. 2010 (key and
compendium for 10 species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 4 European species), Wouts
& Baldwin 1998 (key for 8 species), Baldwin & Mundo-Ocampo 1991 (key
for 6 species of particular economic importance), Wouts 1984 (key for 8
species)
Heterodera Schmidt, 1871: Subbotin et al. 2010 (key and
compendium for 80 species), Tanha Maafi et al. 2007 (compendium for 5 species
in H. avenae group from Iran), Handoo 2002 (key and compendium for 12
species in H. avenae group), Brzeski 1998 (key for 18 European species),
Wouts & Baldwin 1998 (key for 64 species), Wouts et al. 1995 (key for 9
species in H. avenae group), Baldwin & Mundo-Ocampo 1991 (key for 8
species of particular economic importance), Mulvey 1972 (key for 39 species,
including 132 photomicrographs).
Paradolichodera Sturhan, Wouts & Subbotin,
2007: Subbotin et
al. 2010 (description of 1 species)
Punctodera Mulvey & Stone, 1976: Subbotin et al. 2010 (key and
compendium for 4 species)
Vittatidera Bernard, Handoo, Powers, Donald
& Heinz, 2010
Subfamily Hoplolaiminae Filipjev,
1934: Krall 1990
(key for 4 genera)
Aorolaimus Sher, 1963: Baujard et al. 1994 (key for 33
species), Krall 1990 (key for 7 species), Sher 1963 (key for 3 species)
Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905: Ghaderi et al. (Key for 36
species), Handoo & Golden 1992 (key and compendium for 29 species), Krall
1990 (key for 18 species), Anderson 1983 (key for 13 species having 6
pharyngeal gland nuclei), Jairajpuri & Baqri 1973 (key for 15 species),
Sher 1963 (key for 8 species).
Peltamigratus Sher, 1964: Krall 1990 (key for 11 species),
Rashid et al. 1987 (compendium for 25 species), Bittencourt & Huang 1986
(key for 24 species), Mulk & Siddiqi 1982.
Scutellonema Andrássy, 1958: Krall 1990 (key for 31 species),
Germani et al. 1985 (key for 22 species), Van den Berg & Heyns 1973,
Sher 1965, Sher 1963 (key for 11 species), Kolombia et al. 2017 (key to 50
species).
Subfamily Meloidoderinae Golden,
1971
Meloidodera Chitwood, Hannon & Esser,
1956: Ghaderi 2019
(key for 10 species), Cid del Prado Vera 1991 (key for 7 species)
Subfamily Rotylenchoidinae
Whitehead, 1958
Antarctylus Sher, 1973
Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945: Nguyen & Anh 2019 (key for 37
species from Vietnam), Uzma et al. 2015 (illustrated compendium for 230
species, key for 32 species in Pakistan), Ganguly et al. 2013 (compendium for
203 species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 35 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key
for 10 European species), Firoza & Maqbool 1994 (illustrated compendium for
190 species), Wouts & Yeates 1994 (key for 13 New Zealandian species),
Diederich et al. 1991 (computerized key), Krall 1990 (key for 100 species),
Fortuner 1989 (computerized key), Boag & Jairajpuri 1985 (compendium for
154 species), Fotedar & Kaul 1985 (key for 125 species), Fortuner &
Wong 1984 (computerized key), Anderson & Eveleigh 1982 (key for Canadian
species), Anderson 1979 (key for 50 species not included in the previous keys),
Siddiqi 1972 (key for 75 species), Thorne & Malek 1968 (key for 10
species), Sher 1966 (key for 41 species).
Pararotylenchus Baldwin & Bell, 1981: Baldwin & Bell 1981 (key for
8 species)
Rotylenchus Filipjev, 1936: Andrássy 2007 (key for 35
European species), Castillo & Vovlas 2005 (key and compendium for 92
species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 11 European species, compendium for 96
species), Geraert & Barooti 1996 (key for 74 species), Castillo et al.
1994, Krall 1990 (key for 32 species), Boag & Hooper 1981, Sher 1965 (key
for 14 species), Scotto et al. 2000 (compendium for 103 species).
Subfamily Rotylenchulinae Husain
& Khan, 1967: Andrássy 2007 (key for 3 genera), Jatala 1991 (key for 3 genera)
Rotylenchulus Linford & Oliveira, 1940: Andrássy 2007 (key for 5 European
species), Robinson et al. 1997 (key for 10 species), Jatala 1991 (key for 10
species), Germani 1978 (key for 8 species).
Senegalonema Germani, Luc & Baldwin, 1984
Subfamily Verutinae Esser, 1981
Verutus Esser, 1981
Bilobodera Sharma & Siddiqi, 1992
Family Meloidogynidae
Skarbilovich, 1959: Hunt & Handoo 2013 (key for 3 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 4
genera)
Subfamily Meloidogyninae
Skarbilovich, 1959
Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892: Ghaderi & Karssen 2020
(compendium for 105 species based on J2 and male), Zhao et al. 2017 (key to
species in New Zealand), Hunt & Handoo 2009 (description of 12 important
species), Karssen 2002 (key for 14 European species), Karssen & Van
Hoenselaar 1998 (key for 14 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 8 European
species), Eisenback & Triantaphyllou 1991 (key and compendium for 9 agriculturally
most important species based on different life stages), Jepson 1987 (an
illustrated monograph including key and compendium for 54 species), Jepson 1983
(key for 24 species), Ebsary & Eveleigh 1983 (key for 5 Canadian species),
Hewlett & Tarjan 1983 (key and compendium for 53 species), Eisenback et al.
1981 (key and compendium for 4 main species), Taylor & Sasser 1978
(description of 24 species).
Family Pratylenchidae Thorne,
1949: Geraert 2013
(key for 5 subfamilies and 14 genera), Castillo et al. 2012 (key and compendium
for 11 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 10 genera), Brzeski 1998 (key for 5
genera), Loof 1991 (key for 9 genera)
Subfamily Apratylenchinae Trinh,
Waeyenberge, Nguyen, Baldwin, Karssen & Moens, 2009
Apratylenchus Trinh, Waeyenberge, Nguyen,
Baldwin, Karssen & Moens, 2009: Geraert 2013 (description of 2
species)
Subfamily Hirschmanniellinae
Fotedar & Handoo, 1978
Hirschmanniella Luc & Goodey, 1964: Geraert 2013 (key for 37
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 6 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 2
European species), Loof 1991 (key for 25 species), Ebsary & Anderson 1982,
Sivakumar & Khan 1982, Khun et al. 2015 (compendium for 29 species).
Subfamily Nacobbinae Chitwood in
Chitwood & Chitwood, 1950
Nacobbus Thorne & Allen, 1944: Geraert 2013 (description of 2
species), Jatala 1991 (key for 2 species), Sher 1970 (revision of 4 species)
Subfamily Nacobboderinae Golden
& Jansen, 1974: Geraert 2013 (key for 2 genera and 6 species)
Bursadera Ivanova & Krall, 1985: Geraert 2013 (description of 1
species)
Meloinema Choi & Geraert, 1974: Geraert 2013 (key for 5 species)
Subfamily Pratylenchinae Thorne,
1949: Geraert 2013
(key for 2 genera)
Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936: Geraert 2013 (key for 98
species), Castillo & Vovlas 2007 (key and compendium for 68 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 26 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 16 European
species), Loof 1991 (key for 46 species), Handoo & Golden 1989 (key and
compendium for 63 species), Café Filho & Huang 1989 (key for 54 species),
Frederick & Tarjan 1989 (key and compendium for 89 species), Ryss 1988,
Loof 1978, Thorne & Malek 1968 (key for 4 species), Ryss 2002 (key to 66
species)
Zygotylenchus Siddiqi, 1963: Geraert 2013 (key for 3 species)
Subfamily Radopholinae Allen
& Sher, 1967: Geraert 2013 (key for 7 genera)
Achlysiella Hunt, Bridge & Machon, 1989:
Geraert 2013
(key for 6 species)
Apratylenchoides Sher, 1973: Geraert 2013 (key for 3 species)
Hoplotylus S’Jacob, 1959: Geraert 2013 (key for 4 species),
Bernard & Niblack 1982 (key for 3 species)
Radopholoides de Guiran, 1967: Geraert 2013 (key for 5 species)
Radopholus Thorne, 1949: Geraert 2013 (key for 23
species), Ryss 1997 (computerized key), Loof 1991 (key for the 2 most economic
importance species), Sher 1968 (key for 11 species), Ryss 2003 (key and
compendium to 29 species)
Zygradus Siddiqi, 1991: Geraert 2013 (description of 2
species)
Family Tylenchidae Örley, 1880: Hunt et al. 2013 (key for 40
genera), Geraert 2008 (key for 42 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 29 genera),
Brzeski 1998 (key for 20 genera), Geraert 1991 (key for 33 genera), Sumenkova
1984 (key for genera) [in Russian], Andrássy 1979a (key for genera and
species).
Subfamily Atylenchinae
Skarbilovich, 1959: Geraet 2008 (key for 5 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 2 genera)
Aglenchus Andrássy, 1954: Husseinvand et al. 2016 (key for
9 species), Geraet 2008 (key for 8 species), Geraert 1991 (key for 3 species),
Andrássy 1980
Atylenchus Cobb, 1913: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Coslenchus Siddiqi, 1978: Geraet 2008 (key for 37 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 22 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 17 European
species, compendium for 25 species), Geraert & Raski 1988 (key for 30
species), Brzeski 1987 (key for 23 species), Mizukubo & Minagawa 1985 (key
for 31 species), Andrássy 1982, Siddiqi 1980 (key for 9 species).
Pleurotylenchus Szczygiel, 1969: Geraet 2008 (description of 2
species)
Subfamily Boleodorinae Khan,
1964: Geraet 2008
(key for 8 genera), Brzeski & Sauer 1982 (key for 5 genera)
Basiria Siddiqi, 1959: Geraet 2008 (key for 42 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 12 European species), Karegar & Geraert 1998 (key
for 35 species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 7 European species).
Boleodorus Thorne, 1941: Geraet 2008 (key for 30 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 4 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 3 European
species), Geraert 1971 (key for 13 species), Thorne & Malek 1968 (key for 3
species), Khan 1963.
Discopersicus Yaghoubi, Pourjam,
Álvarez-Ortega, Liébanas, Atighi & Pedram, 2016
Neopsilenchus Thorne and Malek, 1968: Geraet 2008 (key for 9 species),
Karegar & Geraert 1997 (key for 6 species), Shahina & Maqbool 1990 (key
for 11 species), Sultan et al. 1987, Khan & Khan 1975.
Neothada Khan, 1973: Geraet 2008 (key for 6 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 2 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 2 European
species), Heyns & Van den Berg 1996 (key for 6 species).
Ridgellus Siddiqi, 2000: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Thada Thorne, 1941: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Subfamily Ecphyadophorinae Skarbilovich,
1959: Geraet 2008
(key for 9 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 9 genera)
Chilenchus Siddiqi, 2000: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Ecphyadophora de Man, 1921: Geraet 2008 (key for 8 species),
Geraert 1991 (key for 6 species), Raski et al. 1982
Ecphyadophoroides Corbett, 1964: Geraet 2008 (key for 2 species),
Geraert 1991 (key for 8 species)
Epicharinema Raski, Maggenti, Koshy &
Sosamma, 1982: Geraet 2008
(description of 1 species)
Labrys Qing & Bert, 2018
Lelenchus Andrássy, 1954: Geraet 2008 (key for 3 species)
Mitranema Siddiqi, 1986: Geraet 2008 (key for 2 species)
Sigmolenchus Gharahkhani, Pourjam, Abolafia,
Castillo & Pedram, 2020
Tenunemellus Siddiqi, 1986: Geraet 2008 (key for 6 species)
Tremonema Siddiqi, 1994: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Ultratenella Siddiqi, 1994: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Subfamily Psilenchinae Paramonov,
1967: Andrássy
2007 (key for 3 genera)
Antarctenchus Spaull, 1972: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Atetylenchus Khan, 1973: Hosseinvand et al. 2020 (key for
7 species), Geraet 2008 (key for 3 species)
Psilenchus de Man, 1921: Geraet 2008 (key for 21 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 5 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 4 European
species), Doucet 1996, Brzeski 1989 (compendium for species), Kheiri 1970 (key
for 11 species), Thorne & Malek 1968 (key for 4 species).
Subfamily Tylenchinae Örley,
1880: Geraet 2008
(key for 14 genera)
Allotylenchus Andrássy, 1984: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Cervoannulatus Bajaj, 1998: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Cucullitylenchus Huang & Raski, 1986: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Discotylenchus Siddiqi, 1980: Geraet 2008 (key for 6 species)
Filenchus Andrássy, 1954: Geraet 2008 (key for 95 species
including Ottolenchus species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 27 European
species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 19 European species, compendium for 79
species), Raski & Geraert 1986 (key for 60 species).
Fraglenchus Siddiqi, 2000: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Gracilancea Siddiqi, 1976: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Irantylenchus Kheiri, 1972: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Malenchus Andrássy, 1968: Geraet 2008 (key for 22 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 16 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 11 European
species, compendium for 33 species), Geraert & Raski 1986 (key for 24
species)
Miculenchus Andrássy, 1959: Geraet 2008 (key for 4 species),
Geraert 1991 (key for 3 species)
Ottolenchus Husain & Khan, 1967: Geraet 2008 (key for species
along together with Filenchus species), Brzeski 1982 (key for 4 species)
Polenchus Andrássy, 1980: Geraet 2008 (key for 3 species)
Sakia Khan, 1964: Geraet 2008 (key for 7 species)
Silenchus Andrássy, 2001: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Tanzanius Siddiqi, 1991: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Tylenchus Bastian, 1865: Geraet 2008 (key for 28 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 8 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 4 European
species), Bello 1973 (key for 30 species including Filenchus species),
Thorne & Malek 1968 (key for 10 species), Andrássy 1954.
Subfamily Tylodorinae Paramonov,
1967: Geraet 2008
(key for 5 genera)
Arboritynchus Reay, 1991: Geraet 2008 (description of 1
species)
Campbellenchus Wouts, 1977: Geraet 2008 (key for 2 species)
Cephalenchus Goodey, 1962: Geraet 2008 (key for 20 species),
Andrássy 2007 (key for 4 European species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 3 European
species), Raski & Geraert 1986 (key for 11 species), Mizukubo &
Minagawa 1985 (key for 16 species), Sultan & Jairajpuri 1981.
Eutylenchus Cobb, 1913: Geraet 2008 (key for 6 species),
Brzeski 1996 (key for 5 species)
Tylodorus Meagher, 1964: Geraet 2008 (key for 2 species)
Superfamily Sphaerularioidea
Lubbock, 1861: Andrássy 2007
(key for families)
Family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935: Subbotin & Riley 2012
(compendium for 15 genera), Krall 1991 (key for 3 subfamilies), Andrássy 2007
(key for 14 genera), Brzeski 1998 (key for 5 genera), Brzeski 1981 (key for 8
genera)
Subfamily Anguininae Nicoll,
1935: Krall 1991
(key for 4 gall-inducing genera), Chizhov & Subbotin 1990 (key for 4
genera)
Afrina Brzeski, 1981
Anguina Scopoli, 1777: Andrássy 2007 (key for 4 European
species), Brzeski 1998 (key for 4 European species), Krall 1991 (key for 10
species), Chizhov & Subbotin 1990 (key for species)
Diptenchus Khan, Chawla & Seshadri,
1969
Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936: Hashemi & Karegar 2019
(compendium and key for 63 species), Esmaeili & Heydari, 2016 (key for 27
species including Nothotylenchus species from Iran), Andrássy 2007 (key
for 27 European species), Das & Bajaj 2005, Brzeski 1998 (key for 29
European species, compendium for 76 species including Nothotylenchus
species), Viscardi & Brzeski 1993 (computerized key), Brzeski 1991
(compendium for 80 species and redescription of 20 species), Sturhan &
Brzeski 1991 (compendium for 82 species including Nothotylenchus
species), Thorne & Malek 1968 (key for 6 species).
Ficotylus Davies, Ye, Giblin-Davis &
Thomas, 2009
Indoditylenchus Sinha, Ghoudhury & Baqri,
1985
Litylenchus Davies, Zhao, Alexander &
Riley, 2011
Mesoanguina Chizhov & Subbotin, 1985: Krall 1991 (key for 8 species),
Chizhov & Subbotin 1990 (key for species)
Nothanguina Whitehead, 1959
Nothotylenchus Thorne, 1941: Hashemi & Karegar 2020
(compendium and key for 41 species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 27 European
species), Thorne & Malek 1968 (key for 4 species),
Orrina Brzeski, 1981
Pseudhalenchus Tarjan, 1958: Brzeski 1998 (key for 4 European
species), Grewal 1991 (key for 4 species)
Pterotylenchus Siddiqi & Lenné, 1984
Safianema Siddiqi, 1980
Subanguina Paramonov, 1967: Brzeski 1998 (key for 4 European
species)
Subfamily Halenchinae Jairajpuri
& Siddiqi, 1969
Halenchus N.A. Cobb in M.V. Cobb, 1933
Family Neotylenchidae Thorne,
1941: Sumenkova,
1989 (key for genera and species).
Subfamily Fergusobiinae Goodey,
1963
Fergusobia Currie, 1937 (Christie, 1941): Davies et al. 2014 (key
for Australian species)
Subfamily Gymnotylenchinae
Siddiqi, 1980
Gymnotylenchus Siddiqi, 1961
Subfamily Neotylenchinae Thorne,
1941: Andrássy 2007
(key for 7 genera)
Anguillonema Fuch, 1938: Yaghoubi et al. 2018 (key
for 3 species)
Hexatyleus Goodey, 1926: Andrássy 2007 (key for 3 European
species)
Deladenus Thorne, 1941: Andrássy 2007 (key for 10
European species)
Subfamily Rubzovinematinae
Slobodyanyuk, 1999
Rubzovinema Slobodyanyuk, 1991
Family Sphaerulariidae Lubbock,
1861 (Skarbilovich, 1947)
Subfamily Paurodontinae Thorne,
1941
Abursanema Yaghoubi, Pourjam, Pedram,
Siddiqi & Atighi, 2014
Bealius Massey & Hinds, 1970
Luella Massey, 1974
Misticius Massey, 1967
Neomisticius Siddiqi, 1986
Paurodontella Husain & Khan, 1968: Iqbal et al. 2010 (key for 10
species)
Paurodontoides Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1969
Paurodontus Thorne, 1941
Subfamily Sphaerulariinae
Lubbock, 1861
Prothallonema Christie, 1938: Geraert et al. 1984 (key for 12
species)
Sphaerularia Dufour, 1837
Tripius Chitwood, 1935
Veleshkinema Miraeiz, Heydari,
Álvarez-Ortega, Pedram & Atighi, 2015
Class Enoplea Inglis, 1983
Subclass Dorylaimia Inglis, 1983
Order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942
Suborder Dorylaimina Pearse, 1942
Superfamily Dorylaimoidea Thorne,
1935: Vinciguerra
2006 (key for 10 families)
Family Longidoridae Thorne, 1935:
Pedram 2018
(key for 8 genera) [in Persian], Decraemer & Chaves 2013 (key for 2
subfamilies, compendium for 7 genera), Hunt 1993 (key for 3 subfamilies)
Subfamily Longidorinae Thorne,
1935: Andrássy 2007
(key for 8 genera), Taylor & Brown 1997 (key for some taxa), Hunt 1993 (key
for 3 genera)
Australodorus Coomans, Olmos, Casella &
Chaves, 2004
Longidoroides Khan, Chawla & Saha, 1978
Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922: Ye & Robbins 2004
(compendium for 137 species), Loof & Chen 1999 (compendium for 13 species,
supplement for Chen et al. 1997), Chen et al. 1997 (compendium for 103
species), Rey et al. 1988 (computerized key for 65 species), Romanenko 1978,
Zheng et al. 2001 (key for 12 species from China), Xu et al. 2018 (key for 15
species from China).
Paralongidorus Siddiqi, Hooper & Khan, 1963:
Escuer &
Arias 1997 (compendium for 70 species)
Paraxiphidorus Coomans & Chaves, 1995
Xiphidorus Monteiro, 1976: Decraemer et al. 1996 (key
for 6 species)
Subfamily Xiphinematinae
Dalmasso, 1969
Xiphinema Cobb, 1913: Lamberti et al. 2004 (key
and compendium for 49 species in X. americanum group), Coomans et al.
2001 (compendium for over 100 species), Lamberti et al. 2000 (compendium
for 51 species in X. americanum group), Loof et al. 1996, Robbins
et al. 1996 (compendium for 114 species based on juveniles), Lamberti
& Carone 1991 (key for 38 species in X. americanum group), Loof
& Luc 1990 (compendium for 172 species in the genus, excluding X.
americanum group), Loof & Luc 1983, Kohn & Sher 1972 (key for 50
species), Ganguly et al. 2000 (key to 12 species of group 1), Sen et al. 2010
(key to 14 species for mono-opisthodelphic species).
Subclass Enoplia Pearse, 1942
Order Triplonchida Cobb, 1920
Suborder Diphtherophorina Coomans
& Loof, 1970
Superfamily Diphtherophoroidea
Micoletzky, 1922
Family Trichodoridae Thorne,
1935: Niknam &
Jabbari 2018 (key for 4 genera) [in Persian], Decraemer & Chaves 2012 (key
for 6 genera), Andrássy 2007 (key for 5 genera), Almeida & Decraemer 2005
(key for genera and species) [in Portuguese], Decraemer & Baujard 1998
(compendium for 90 species in the family), Decraemer 1995 (key for 4 genera),
Hunt 1993 (key for 4 genera), Decraemer 1991 (compendium for 4 genera), Loof
1975, Siddiqi 1974.
Allotrichodorus Rodriguez-M, Sher & Siddiqi,
1978: Rashid et al.
1985 (key for 7 species based on females and males), Decraemer 1980 (key for 2
species), Rodriguez-M et al. 1978 (key for 2 species).
Ecuadorus Siddiqi, 2002
Monotrichodorus Andrássy, 1976: Decraemer 1980 (key for 2
species), Rodriguez-M et al. 1978 (key for 2 species).
Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974: Decraemer & Chaves 2013 (key
for 8 virus-vector species), Decraemer 1995 (key for 31 species based on
females and males), Andrássy 2007 (key for 13 European species), Decraemer 1980
(key for 16 species based on females and males), Siddiqi 1973.
Trichodorus Cobb, 1913: Decraemer & Chaves 2013 (key
for 4 virus-vector species), Zahedi et al. 2009 (key for 5 Iranian
species), Andrássy 2007 (key for 18 European species), Decraemer & Baujard
1998a (key and compendium for 90 species), Decraemer & Baujard 1998b
(additions and corrections to Decraemer & Baujard 1998a), Taylor &
Brawn 1997, Decraemer 1995 (key for 48 species based on females and males), De
Waele & Brzeski 1995 (key for 46 species), Decraemer 1980 (key for 22
species based on females and males), Esser 1971.
References
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