Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2020 | 12(3): 15382–15384
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5323.12.3.15382-15384
#5323 | Received 26 September 2019 | Final
received 08 December 2019 | Finally accepted 29 January 2020
An account of a first record of
the Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Anseriformes:
Anatidae) in Bhutan
Sangay Nidup
1, Gyeltshen ² & Tshering Tobgay ³
1 Sr. Forest Ranger, Gelephu Range Office, Sarpang
Divisional Forest Office, Department of
Forest and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Gelephu, Bhutan.
² Teacher, Mendrelgang
Primary School, Tsirang Dzongkhag, Ministry of
Education, Tsirang, Bhutan.
³ Teacher, Shari Higher Secondary School, Paro
Dzongkhag, Ministry of Education, Shari, Dopshari,
Bhutan.
1 sanzellsom@gmail.com
(corresponding author), 2 gyeltshen827@education.gov.bt,
3 tsheringtobgay2@gmail.com
Editor: Hem Sagar
Baral, Charles Sturt University, Australia. Date
of publication: 26 February 2020 (online & print)
Citation: Nidup, S., Gyeltshen & T. Tobgay (2020). An account of a first
record of the Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Anseriformes:
Anatidae) in Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(3): 15382–15384. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5323.12.3.15382-15384
Copyright: © Nidup et al. 2020. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and
distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the
author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: None.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Dr. Tim Inskipp and Dr. Sherub for suggesting an id
of the bird. And Bhutan BirdLife Society for
supporting us to come up with this write up and our family members for their
support in all thick and thin.
Punatsang Chhu in Wangduephodrang
(27.4860N, 89.8990E; 1,273m) is one of the largest rivers
and an important zone in Bhutan for resident and migrant water birds. It is the expanse where diverse birds species
are seen on a stretch between 27.4620N–89.9010E and
27.5790N–89.8670E (Tobgay
2017). Large numbers of winter migratory
water birds in Bhutan have been found in this location (Spierenburg
2005). The Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula was
first sighted on 5 January 2019 along Punatsang Chhu 27.5120N 89.8870E at an
elevation of 1,142m at 10.05h. On 8
January 2019, photographs of the bird were successfully taken at around 12.30h
while it foraged along the sand extraction sites in the river. The duck was observed diving frequently under
water foraging at the time of sighting.
It was then photographed with the help of a DSLR canon 70D camera with a
70–300 mm until it flew away to the other side of the river.
The plumage, sloppy bill structure,
triangular large head, and its prominent golden eyes apart from its other
morphological features that identified the bird as the Common Goldeneye
(female). Various field guides ‘Birds of
the Indian Subcontinent’ (Grimmett et al. 2011) and
‘Birds in Bhutan’ (Spierenburg 2005) and experts’
advice through Birds of Bhutan (social forum) were used for further
verification. Dr. Sherub,
the only ornithologist in Bhutan at Ugyen Wangchuk
Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research (UWICER), Bumthang and international ornithologist Dr. Tim Inskipp also verified the bird record.
The Common Goldeneye is a medium-sized duck with a large head. The bill is fairly small and narrow with
triangular shape, streamlined body and short tailed. Both sexes measure a length of 40–51 cm, weighing
approximately 800g (Eadie et al. 1995; Johnsgard
2010) with a wingspan of 77–83 cm. Males
are customarily white with white windows along the folded wing. Head blackish with an iridescent greenish
glow (Johnsgard 2010), with a round white spot behind
the bill. Females have a head that is
completely dark chocolate brown that contrasts with its grey body (Johnsgard 2010).
Bill is mostly blackish, with yellow at the tip. In flight it shows an extensive white on the
inner half of the blackish wing. It is
known as ‘whistler’ because of the whistling noise the wings make in flight
(Eadie et al. 1995; Johnsgard 2010). Both sexes have golden-yellow eyes during
adulthoods but lack the golden eye in immature birds. Thus, it is named for its golden-yellow iris.
The Common Goldeneye is a confrontational and
territorial duck (Eadie et al. 1995) competing for food and nest sites with
other water birds. This species takes
short-distance (Eadie et al. 1995; Kear 2005) flights but flies at higher
altitudes when travelling over longer distances (Eadie et al. 1995), and breeds from April in solitary
pairs (Del Hoyo et al. 1992; Eadie et al. 1995).
It is constrained to stay near the water
close to the shore and less than 10m deep, showing a predilection for waters 4m
deep (Scott & Rose 1996; Johnsgard 2010).
They are diving birds that forage underwater preying on crustaceans,
aquatic insects and plants and molluscs (Cottam 1939)
and invertebrates (Erikson 1979). Their
important food items consist of fish, invertebrate eggs, and aquatic plant
materials (Eadie et al. 1995).
They are fast fliers. When
females are nearby, males recurrently display by elongating the head backward
against their rear and then popping their head onward.
The suitable habitats include fresh water
lakes, pools, rivers and deep marshes enclosed by coniferous forest (Del Hoyo et al. 1992; Johnsgard
2010).
This species ranges across the boreal forests
of Scandinavia, eastern Europe, Russia, Mongolia, northern China, Canada,
Alaska, and northern USA. Its wintering
range is correspondingly broad, encompassing the coast of northern Europe
including inland United Kingdom, scattered coastal and inland water bodies in
southeastern Europe (Turkey) and central Asia, the coasts of eastern China,
Korea, Japan and the Kamchatkha peninsula (Russia),
the Pacific coast of Canada and the Alaskan coast and inland USA (Del Hoyo et al. 1992).
The IUCN Red List status of this bird is
Least Concern owing to a stable population trend (BirdLife
International 2019). Since it is the
first record to Bhutan, the species is a vagrant and uncommon winter visitor to
Bhutan. According to Tobgay
(2017), 49 species of water birds along Punatsang Chhu basin were reported and more likely to have ascended
with the sighting of the Whiskered Tern Chlidonias
hybridus (18 August 2018), Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola (18
November 2018) and the recent new record of the Common Goldeneye (5 January
2019).
Numerous birders in the country consider that
Punatsang Chhu, the expanse
between Punakha and Wangduephodrang is a fundamental
stopover domicile for many waterbirds and if any
anthropogenic instability in the area will distress the migration of the bird
species taking a route through Bhutan.
Many birds have been threatened due to sand extraction and many
development activities taking place currently.
With this confirmed record of the Common
Goldeneye in Bhutan, the total number of avifauna recorded in Bhutan has
reached 747, indicating a very high bird diversity for the size of the country.
For
figure & image - - click here
References
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