Journal of
Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 December 2018 | 10(15):
13020–13023
Range extension of the Least Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros
cineraceus Blyth, 1853 (Mammalia: Chiroptera:
Hipposideridae): to central India
M. Kamalakannan
1, C. Venkatraman 2 , Tauseef
Hamid Dar 3 & Kailash Chandra 4
1,2,3,4 Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan,
Block M, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053,
India
1 kamalakannanm1@gmail.com (corresponding
author), 2 cvramanmbs@yahoo.com, 3 touseefzoology@gmail.com, 4
kailash611@rediffmail.com
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4434.10.15.13020-13023
| ZooBank:
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C102DEC2-A2D5-44E0-BCF4-962E18FA7560
Editor: Paul Racey, University of
Exeter, UK. Date
of publication: 26 December 2018 (online & print)
Manuscript details: Ms # 4434 |
Received 26 July 2018 | Final received 29 October 2018 | Finally accepted 05
November 2018
Citation: Kamalakannan, M., C. Venkatraman,
T.H. Dar & K. Chandra (2018). Range extension of the Least Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth,
1853 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Hipposideridae):
to central India. Journal of Threatened
Taxa 10(15): 13020–13023; https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2964.10.15.13020-13023
Copyright: © Kamalakannan et al. 2018. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution
by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Funding: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Abbreviations used: External measurements: FA: Forearm
length; HB: Head Body length; T: Tail Length; Tail tip: Tail tip length; E: Ear
Length; HF: Hindfoot length; Hw:
Horseshoe width; Tib: Tibia length; 3mt: Length of
the third metacarpal; 4mt: Length of the fourth metacarpal; 5mt: Length of the
fifth metacarpal; 1st ph3rd D: First phalanx of the third
Digit; 2nd ph3rdD: Second phalanx of the third Digit; 1st
ph4th D: Length of the first phalanx of the fourth digit; 2nd
ph4thD: Length of the second phalanx of the fourth Digit.
The
Least Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853 is small in size and one of
the nine species of leaf-nosed bats (Family: Hipposideridae)
of India (Bates & Harrison 1997; Wilson & Reeder 2005) and 83 species
of the world (Murray et al. 2012). It is
wide ranging but sparsely distributed from South Asia to Southeast Asia, and it
has been recorded in only a few locations in India, viz., Uttarakhand (Scully 1887), Meghalaya (Hinton & Lindsay
1926), West Bengal, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh (Bates & Harrison 1997) at an elevation ranging from 62–1,480 m (Bates & Harrison 1997; Molur et al. 2002). There is little information available on the
natural history of this species; it roosts in hollows of trees in forests (Bhat & Jacob 1990; Bates & Harrison 1997; Molur et al. 2002).
On 24
December 2004, three bat specimens were collected using a mist net by a survey
team of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) from N.P. Kailash
Cave in Kanger Khati
National Park (18.77870N & 81.99710E; Fig. 1), Jagadalpur District of Chhattisgarh. The wet preserved specimens were
misidentified as male specimens of H. cineraceus
and deposited in the National Zoological Collections (NZC) of Mammal &
Osteology section, ZSI, Kolkata under the registration numbers 25794, 25795
& 25796 (Image 1a). The authors have
recently re-examined the specimens in NZC and found that they are female specimens
of H. cineraceus and were not as reported
earlier by the collector. The specimens were
identified as H. cineraceus based on the keys
provided by Bates & Harrison (1997) and Douangboubpha
et al. (2010).
Identification
characteristics: Hipposideros cineraceus can easily be diagnosed through its internarial septum and the anterior leaf (Image 1b) from
related species such as H. ater and H. durgadasi (bicolor
species). In H. cineraceus,
the internarial septum is slightly triangular in
shape and its tip is blunt, and there is a slight emargination
on the anterior leaf without any supplementary leaflets (Image 2a). In H. ater,
the internarial septum is clearly triangular in shape
and its tip is pointed, and there is no emargination
on the anterior leaf, with one pair of rudimentary supplementary leaflets
(Image 2b). In H. durgadasi,
the internarial septum is bulbous in shape and its
base is pointed, and there is a median emargination
on the anterior leaf without any supplementary leaflets (Image 2c). The average length of the tip of the tail of H.
cineraceus is 1mm, whereas in H. durgadasi it is > 1mm (Image 1c). Other morphological measurements do not
provide any significant differences between the relative species (Table 1).
Douangboubpha et al. (2010) provided the significant keys to differentiate Hipposideros halophyllus,
H. ater and H. cineraceus
and they clearly show that the slight triangular shape of the internarial septum and slight emargination
on the anterior leaf without any supplementary leaflets distinguish H. cineraceus from its close relatives H. ater and H. durgadasi
(Image 2a–c). In India, this species is
known only from the Himalayan states and northeastern
states of India. Csorba et al. (2008) claims the distribution of this
species in Tamil Nadu, but the range map does not indicate this. Based on Molur et
al. (2002) there is no distribution of this species in Tamil Nadu and the
report made by Csorba et al. (2008) as occurring in
Tamil Nadu is erroneous. The records of H.
cineraceus in Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka are
referred to as either H. ater or H. durgadasi (Bates & Harrison 1997; Kaur et al. 2014).
Hence, our report of the presence of H. cineraceus
from Chhattisgarh in central India for the first time based on the National
Zoological Collections (ZSI) extends the distribution of this species further
south more than 1,400km from its nearest known locality in Sangser,
Kalimpong, West Bengal. A systematic survey in the Odisha part of the Eastern Ghats and adjoining areas (Kanger Ghati National Park) may
reveal hitherto unknown yangochiropterans (Debata et al. 2015).
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Table 1. Morphological
measurements of Hipposideros cineraceus specimens from Chhattisgarh.
External characters |
Morphological measurements of the three individuals (mm) |
H. ater (Bates & Harrison) |
H. cineraceus (Bates & Harrison) |
H. durgadasi (Kaur et al.) |
||
Reg. No. 25794 |
Reg. No. 25795 |
Reg. No. 25796 |
||||
HB |
41.00 |
40.35 |
40.00 |
38.0–48.0 |
33.0–42.0 |
36.45–41.12 |
FA |
37.26 |
36.90 |
38.39 |
34.9–38.0 |
33.0–36.3 |
34.45–35.95 |
E |
16.20 |
15.13 |
16.11 |
14.8–20.0 |
13.0–17.0 |
12.70–13.48 |
Tib |
15.43 |
14.88 |
16.02 |
15.2–17.8 |
13.8–16.7 |
15.38–16.43 |
HF |
5.05 |
5.27 |
6.13 |
5.3–7.2 |
6.0–7.0 |
5.1–6.7 |
T |
28.13 |
30.17 |
27.72 |
20.0–30.0 |
22.0–30.0 |
21.21–22.94 |
Tail tip |
0.91 |
1.02 |
0.98 |
-- |
-- |
1.22–2.38 |
3rd mt
|
27.95 |
29.08 |
29.44 |
26.1–30.1 |
24.4–26.6 |
26.12–28.0 |
4th mt |
30.40 |
30.43 |
31.00 |
27.2–32.2 |
26.9–28.8 |
27.62–29.61 |
5th mt |
29.25 |
29.85 |
29.90 |
26.2–31.2 |
26.2–27.8 |
25.75–27.71 |
1st ph3rdD |
15.16 |
15.40 |
15.77 |
14.3–17.5 |
14.3–16.2 |
13.78–15.11 |
2nd ph3rdD |
14.00 |
13.75 |
13.50 |
14.3–17.4 |
12.5–15.3 |
14.0–15.47 |
1st ph4th D |
9.37 |
9.51 |
9.35 |
8.7–10.9 |
8.4–11.2 |
8.24–8.76 |
2nd ph4thD |
6.16 |
4.81 |
7.22 |
7.0–9.2 |
6.2–8.6 |
7.63–8.26 |
Hw |
3.91 |
3.59 |
3.32 |
-- |
-- |
-- |