Journal of
Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2018 | 10(10):
12407–12412
First record of a coreid bug Anhomoeus fusiformis Hsiao
(Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Anhomoeini) from India
Sadashiv V. More 1 & Hemant V. Ghate 2
1 Department of Zoology, R.B. Madkholkar
Mahavidyalaya, Chandgad, Kolhapur District, Maharashtra 416509, India
2 Post graduate Research Centre, Modern
College of Arts Science and Commerce College, Shivajinagar, Pune, Mahatrashtra
411005, India
1 sadamore6046@gmail.com, 2 hemantghate@gmail.com
(corresponding author)
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4305.10.10.12407-12412
|
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4BA9BD7E-4919-4471-8F8A-E5BF43F6DFF4
Editor: Pierre Moulet, Museum Requien, Avignon, France. Date
of publication: 26 September 2018 (online & print)
Manuscript details: Ms
# 4305 | Received 30 May 2018 | Final received 09 September 2018 | Finally
accepted 13 September 2018
Citation: More, S.V. & H.V. Ghate (2018).
First record of a coreid
bug Anhomoeus fusiformis Hsiao (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae:
Coreinae: Anhomoeini) from India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(10): 12407–12412; https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4305.10.10.12407-12412
Copyright: © More & Ghate
2018. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any
medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the
authors and the source of publication.
Funding: Self-funded.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: We are indebted to Bill Dolling (UK) for reading the first draft
and for critical comments that helped in improving this note. We are indebted to Dávid Rédei (Nankai
University, China) for original literature and for translating some Chinese
texts and to Mick Webb (Natural History Museum, London) for some images of
syntypes. Thanks are also due to the
referees who suggested improvements. Mr.
V.A. Sardesai kindly identified the host plant and we thank him for that. Finally we are grateful to the authorities of
respective colleges for facilities and encouragement.
Abstract: A coreid bug Anhomoeus fusiformis
Hsiao, 1963 is recorded for the first time from India; the species is described
with several illustrations, including information about male and female
genitalia.
Keywords: Additional description, Anhomoeus,
Dalbergia sissoo, male-female genitalia.
A
coreid bug, collected in Chandgad District of Kolhapur, was identified as Anhomoeus
fusiformis Hsiao, 1963. The species
was originally described from China. Two other species of the genus in India
are A. sulcatus (Distant, 1908) and A. nepalensis
(Distant, 1908); each species is known so far from Uttarakhand (Prabakar 2015).
Distant (1908) had originally described these two species under the genus Aschistus
Stål, 1873. Distant (1902 vol I page 369) also treated Ornytus? brevicornis Dallas, 1852 as Aschistus
brevicornis: a species now treated as Aschistocoris brevicornis
(Dallas) ([see Coreoidea SF Team; Coreoidea Species File Online.
Version 5.0/5.0, for synonymy [retrieval date May 20, 2018], Prabakar
2015). The other species of the genus
are Anhomoeus haripurensis Ahmad & Sheikh, 1983 and Anhomoeus
schaeferi Ahmad & Sheikh, 1983; both these species are from
Pakistan and the host plant recorded was Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Ahmad & Shaikh 1983).
A. fusiformis has never been reported from India so far. Coreoidea Species File classifies Anhomoeus
under Coreinae, tribe Anhomoeini Hsiao, 1964, and this classification is
followed here.
The original description of A.
fusiformis is in Chinese and is followed by an English translation. It is brief and without illustration (except
general habitus drawing / photo). Here
it is described with additional characters and adequately illustrated for the
benefit of Indian students. Additional
information on male genitalia is also included.
Materials and Methods
Material examined: One male and one female [(coll. More, Chandgad, March 2017
(female); April 2017 (male)]. Host Plant Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.
Anhomoeus fusiformis Hsiao, 1963
Additional description and Illustrations
Colouration and vestiture
Overall colour ochraceous with
coarse and closely set black punctures on head, pronotum, scutellum, and
corium. Punctures on head and pronotum
closer together than on scutellum, clavus and corium. The punctures on scutellum, clavus and corium
are also larger than those on head and pronotum.
Head and antenna with setigerous
black granules while pronotum and the rest with setigerous punctures. Head with
lateral ochraceous line in front of the eyes, median ochraceous line at base
which is continued on pronotum and scutellum as a thin line. Pronotum also shows two pale lines lateral to
median line in posterior half. Eyes pale
brown, ocelli pink. Pronotal margin
entirely ochraceous and thin ochraceous line continued on outer margin of
corium, at least in basal half.
Scutellum more ochraceous than rest of dorsal surface. All antennomeres
and legs covered with fine black setigerous granules. Hemelytra with corium and clavus ochraceous,
membrane pale brown, not reaching tip of abdomen; abdominal tip truncate in
male with pygophoral tip visible from above.
Abdominal segments dorsally pale
ochraceous (female) or reddish (male); ventrally with pale or ochraceous
median, broad band flanked on either side by band of fine black setigerous
granules, lateral margin also with band of black setigerous punctures with wavy
outline on inner side. The area between
two lateral bands marked by several black markings on ochraceous (female) or
cream (male) background, markings symmetrical. Spiracles are closer to lateral
than to anterior border.
Part of head beneath labium with
fine black granules; similar fine black granules present laterally in front of
eyes and below; rest of head ochraceous underneath. Prosternum with few black granules in front
of coxae and also on lateral side; pleural area also has black setigerous
punctures. Mesosternum medially
shallowly sulcate, this sulcus with fine black punctures; lateral area more or
less smooth with few black granules; extreme lateral side coarsely punctured,
punctures black or ochraceous; few black granules also present. Metasternum
identical except there is no median sulcus.
Pygophore medially pale with lateral ochraceous band.
Female overall colouration slightly
different from that of male dorsally and ventrally, ventral pattern of
colouration similar in both sexes but bold in female. Eyes pale, antennae with slight reddish tinge
in female. Terminalia in female slightly
darker than rest of ventral area (for coloration see Image 1 A–I).
Morphology
Elongate fusiform insects
(especially female) with almost parallel sided body behind pronotum; legs
moderately robust; fore, mid, and hind femora of nearly the same diameter (none
incrassate); tibiae slightly more slender than femora. Antennae long with first segment slightly incrassate
but not thicker than femora, remaining segments slender except fourth which is
slightly thicker; first three segments triquetral (or three cornered), fourth
spindle shaped. Ventrally with body
laterally slightly compressed.
Head
Head more or less rectangular,
almost as long as broad; eyes of moderate size, semi-globose. Ocelli closer to eye than to each other;
distinct transverse pre-ocellar groove present in front of each ocellus;
longitudinal median sulcus present on vertex.
Antenniferous tubercles prominent, visible from above, situated at
distance from eyes, almost at the tip of head (Image 1B). Clypeus slightly sloping, projecting beyond
mandibular plates (but these are seen only in frontal view, not in dorsal
view). Antenna four segmented, first and
second segments sub-equal, third shorter than second, fourth shortest. Bucculae very short, triangular. First segment of labium moderately thickened,
remaining three slightly slender. First
segment of labium not reaching base of head, second segment not reaching base
of fore coxae; labium reaching slightly beyond middle of meso-sternum, its tip
black (Image 1D,E).
Thorax
Pronotum rhomboidal, slightly narrow
at anterior angles, moderately sloping.
Anterior margin slightly concave behind head, lateral margin straight
but granular and slightly raised. Entire
dorsal surface covered with fine black setigerous punctures. A median levigate, pale line along entire
midline and two indistinct similar lines starting from behind calli and ending
indistinctly much before base; posterior margin truncate, slightly concave over
scutellum. Humeral angles blunt but
raised above like small tubercle (Image 1C).
Prosternum coarsely granular, slightly sulcate in front of coxae, pleura
vertical, coarsely punctured, with setae.
Mesosternum slightly tumescent with a median wide and shallow sulcus;
this sulcus with small fine punctures, lateral raised areas of sulcus with very
few granules and setae. Pleura coarsely
punctured, some punctures black others colourless and setose.
Mesocoxae with few black granules
and setae (Image 1E). Metasternum
moderately convex with median dark band of punctures; lateral area to these
punctures smooth, followed by another area of black punctures at margin. Metathoracic pleural area coarsely punctured,
meta-coxae as well as adjacent pleural area with fine black granules. Metathoracic scent gland prominent with small
evaporatory area (Image 3B, C).
Scutellum triangular with narrow
apex, slightly longer than broad, its entire surface coarsely punctured;
extreme lateral margin and tip of scutellum without punctures.
All coxae globular; fore coxae very
close to each other; meso-coxae and meta-coxae well separated (Image 1E). All femora and tibiae narrow at base,
slightly dilated distally and covered with setigerous black granules. All tarsi long, first segment as long as
remaining two; tarsal segments densely setose; claws widely separated with a
prominent oval pulvillus at base.
Hemelytron long, its external angle
sharp, its inner angle rounded; clavus and corium uniformly punctured, extreme
outer margin raised throughout, veins prominent; membrane with prominent
parallel veins.
Abdomen
Abdominal segments laterally
moderately compressed; segments three to seven almost equal in length and
breadth. Abdominal tergites with a semi-circular elevation on posterior border
of fourth and fifth tergite (= openings of dorso-abdominal glands) as shown in
Image 3A. First visible abdominal
sternite (actual second) compressed laterally and distinctly raised
medially. Boundary between tergite and
latero-tergite raised and almost brownish black. Pyrophore globular; spiracles prominent,
situated laterally, closer to lateral margin than to anterior margin;
trichobothria not very prominent (Image 1H, I).
Female slightly longer and broader
with slightly broad connexivum; connexivum finely, blackly punctate, ventrally
pale coloured but with identical bands of black punctures and spots. Metasternum appears entirely black. Abdomen
more rounded, and less laterally compressed.
Abdominal tergites in female ochraceous throughout except for last three
segments which are spotted with black punctures.
Male and Female genitalia
Appearance of pygophore in situ, as
seen from ventral side, is like shown in Image 2A. Pygophore oval in dorsal (Image 2C) and
ventral (Image 2D) view and is convex on ventral side, as seen in lateral view
(Image 2E) but more or less flat on dorsal side. Ventral and ventrolateral surface has many
black granules that are more or less evenly spaced. Its posterior opening is oval and anterior
dorsal bridge relatively narrow. It is
shown here with the eighth segment not removed.
The un-everted phallus is also oval in dorsal (Image 2F) and ventral
view (Image 2G) and occupies major portion of the pygophore. Lateral view of the phallus is shown in Image
2H. Phallus in everted state (Image 2I)
is typical coreid type with short vesica (with one coil) and conjunctiva has
one dorso-lateral pair of appendages, one frontal pair and one small dorsal
pair; two of these pairs are with moderate sclerotisation. Parameres, shown here from outer and inner
face, are moderately setose and with broad base and slender distal portion that
expands at tip like a button (Image 2J).
Female terminalia are as shown in
Image 2B. The eighth and ninth
paratergites are clearly visible along with the first gonocoxae. Spermatheca is with extremely coiled distal
and less coiled proximal duct and has round bulb (Image 3D).
Measurements
Measurements in millimetres (male /
female): Total length 17 / 19; antenna: length of first segment 3.5 / 3.5,
second segment 4.5 / 4.35, third segment 3 / 3, fourth segment 2.5 / 2.5; total
length of labium 3.75 / 4, length of first segment of labium 1 / 1.25, second
segment 0.75 / 1, third segment 1 / 0.75, fourth segment 1 / 1; fore leg
lengths: fore coxa 0.625 / 0.5, fore femur 3.75 / 4.25, fore tibia 3.5 / 3.75,
fore tarsus with claw 1.85 / 1.75; mid leg lengths: mid coxa 0.625 / 0.75, mid
femur 3.75 / 4, mid tibia 3.5 / 3.75, mid tarsus with claw 1.75 / 1.6; hind leg
lengths: hind coxa 0.625 / 0.9, hind femur 5.75 / 6, hind tibia 5.5 / 6.25,
hind tarsus with claw 1.85 / 2; total length of head 1.5 / 1.75, head breadth
at eye 1.65 / 1.65, interocular distance 1 / 1.4, inter-ocellar distance 0.5 /
0.6; pronotum: length 2.75 / 3.75, breadth at anterior angles 1.5 / 1.5,
breadth at humeral angles 3.5 / 4; scutellum: length 1.85/ 1.75, breadth at
base 1.5 / 1.1; hemelytra length 7.5 / 9.5.
Discussion
On the basis of the original
description by Hsiao and the image of the type, the Chandgad specimens are
treated here as A. fusiformis.
Coloration of head and pronotum in our specimens is identical with A.
fusiformis, especially the original description mentions the two indistinct
ochraceous lines lateral to median ochraceous line on pronotum, that are also
clear in our specimens (Image 1C) as well as in the photo of female holotype of
Hsiao’s A. fusiformis available on Coreoidea SF online. These lines are neither mentioned by Distant
(1908) nor by Ahmad & Shaikh (1983) in their two species; Distant did not
provide any line drawings but the line drawings of Ahmad & Shaikh also do
not show these lines in the species they described. Hsiao also mentions ‘dorsum red’ and in our
male it is similar but in the female it is ochraceous. Ventral coloration is not fully described for
A. fusiformis, A. haripurensis and A. schaeferi but Distant gave
a more complete description of his two species; our specimens show ventral pattern
similar to that described by Distant (1908).
The length and ratio of antennal segments, head proportions and pronotal
measurements in our specimen are almost the same as of A. fusiformis and
not like those of the species from Pakistan or India. The phallus (aedeagus) and female terminalia
as well as spermatheca are broadly similar to those described by Ahmad &
Shaikh (1983).
As there is no previous record of
such a distinctly different Anhomoeus from India, this becomes the first
illustrated report of this species for India.
The type locality of this species is Yunnan (Pu-er County), China, and
there are no subsequent reports, at least in English. Attempts to trace records in other places of
China were not successful. In an
unpublished thesis (Gupta 2012) available on ‘Shodhganga’ website
(http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/10215) gives description of
morphology and genitalia of other Anhomoeus species (A. nepalensis
and A. sulcatus) from northern India (Punjab and Himachal Pradesh). There
is no other information about these two species from any other part of India
either. The presence of Anhomoeus
in Maharashtra itself is a considerable southward extension as all previous
records are from northern parts of India.
Diagnosis of different species
There are now three species of Anhomoeus
in India. These can be separated easily
on the basis of size; A. fusiformis is the largest species. Brief diagnostic characters of the other two
species, based on original descriptions by Distant, are given below.
Anhomoeus nepalensis (Distant): size 14mm; head with mandibular
plates somewhat widely divergent apically; labium scarcely passing fore coxae;
breadth at humeral angles 3mm; connexivum spotted. [According to thesis of
Gupta 2012 (cited above) -- total length: 11.50mm in male; female 12.9–14.70
mm. Material studied from Punjab,
Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir].
Anhomoeus sulcatus (Distant): size 15.50mm; antennomeres I to III sulcate and
relative proportional lengths of antennomeres different than that of A.
nepalensis; apices of mandibular plates of the head upturned,
sub-tuberculous; labium distinctly passing fore coxae; connexivum unspotted;
breadth at humeral angles 3mm; [According to Gupta a single male found in
Himachal Pradesh was 13.30mm]
Anhomoeus fusiformis Hsiao: size 17mm (male) and 19mm (female); breadth at humeral
angles 3.5–4 mm; pronotum with three levigate pale lines; labium passing much
beyond fore coxae, reaching to the middle of mesosternum.
References
Ahmad, I. & S.
Shaikh (1983). Revision of the Genus Anhomoeus
Hsiao 1963 (Hemiptera: Coreidae:Coreinae), with Description of Two New
Species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76(5): 853–859.
Distant, W.L.
(1902). The Fauna of British India including Ceylon
and Burma, Rhynchota - Vol. I. Taylor and
Francis, London, 438pp.
Distant, W.L.
(1908). The Fauna of British India including Ceylon
and Burma, Rhynchota - Vol. IV. Taylor and
Francis, London, 501pp.
CoreoideaSF Team. Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0.
[retrieval 20 May 2018]. <http://Coreoidea.SpeciesFile.org>.
Gupta, R. (2012). Taxonomic studies on families Coreidae and Lygaeidae (Hemiptera:
Heteroptera) from north India supplemented with rapid markers. Unpublished PhD
Thesis. Punjabi University, Patiala, 361pp.
Hsiao, T. (1963). Results of the zoologico-botanical expedition to south-west
China, 1955–1957 (Hemiptera, Coreidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica 12 (3):
310–344 (Original Chinese description page 327-28 and English Translation page
341 together)
Prabakar, D.
(2015). The biogeographical distribution of species of
the superfamily Coreoidea: Hemiptera in India. BioLife 3(1): 291–316.