Akysis
portellus sp.
nov., a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Akysidae) from the Sittang River
drainage, Myanmar
Heok Hee Ng
Raffles
Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, # 03-01, Singapore 117546
Email: dbsnhh@nus.edu.sg
Date
of online publication 26 January 2009
ISSN 0974-7907
(online) | 0974-7893 (print)
Editor: Larry Page
Manuscript
details:
Ms # o1913
Received 29
December 2007
Final revised
received 25 November 2008
Finally
accepted 26 November 2008
Citation: Ng, H.H. (2009). Akysis portellus, a
new species of catfish (Teleostei: Akysidae) from the Sittang River drainage,
Myanmar. Journal of Threatened Taxa 1(1): 02-08.
Copyright: © H.H. Ng 2009. Creative Commons Attribution
3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any
medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by providing
adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Author
Details: Heok Hee graduated with a PhD from the
University of Michigan in 2006 and has been working on the taxonomy of Asian catfishes
since 1994. Now at the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research in Singapore,
his current research focus is on sisoroid taxonomy and systematics.
Acknowledgements: I am
grateful to Patrick Yap for help in obtaining specimens of A. portellus,
and the following for permission to examine material under their care: David
Catania (CAS), Maurice Kottelat (CMK), Sven Kullander (NRM), Martien van Oijen
(RMNH), Douglas Nelson (UMMZ), Susan Jewett (USNM), Isaäc Isbrücker (ZMA),
Kelvin Lim (ZRC) and A.K. Karmakar (ZSI). Financial support by research grant R-154-000-318-112 of the National
University of Singapore to Heok Hui Tan is acknowledged.
Abstract: A second species of akysid catfish from the Sittang River
drainage in Myanmar, Akysis portellus new species, is described in this
study. It can be distinguished from congeners (except for A. brachybarbatus,A. fuliginatus, A. manipurensis, A. pictus, A.
pulvinatus, A. prashadi, A. variegatus, A. varius, A.
vespa and A. vespertinus) in having a smooth (vs. serrated)
posterior edge of the pectoral spine. It
is distinguished from A. brachybarbatus, A. fuliginatus, A.
manipurensis, A. pictus, A. prashadi, A. pulvinatus, A.
variegatus, A. varius, A. vespa and A. vespertinus in
having a unique combination of: length of adipose-fin base 17.1–19.2% SL,
caudal peduncle length 19.1–22.0% SL, caudal peduncle depth 6.0–7.0% SL, gape
width 9.5–11.1% HL, interorbital distance 30.8–36.8% HL, nasal barbel length
80.5–101.4% HL, maxillary barbel length 116.7–143.2% HL, inner mandibular
barbel length 53.7–79.2% HL, outer mandibular barbel length 101.1–127.8% HL and
caudal fin forked.
Keywords: Siluriformes, Sisoroidea, Sittang River, South Asia
Introduction
Akysid catfishes are small to medium-sized hillstream catfishes
generally found in fast-flowing streams and rivers in South and Southeast
Asia. Members of the type genus, Akysis,
are small species (typically not larger than 50mm SL) with tuberculate skin and
a cryptic color pattern generally consisting of yellow patches or bands on a
brown body. They have a distribution
ranging from the Irrawaddy River drainage to the west, the Citarum River
drainage to the east and south and the Lancanjiang (upper Mekong) drainage to
the north. The genus had been divided
ino two species groups (the A. variegatus and the A. pseudobagariusspecies groups) by Ng & Kottelat (1998), with members of the A.
pseudobagarius group being reassigned to the genus Pseudobagarius by
Ferraris (2007). There is considerable hidden
diversity within the genus; more than half of the 20 valid species have been
described in the last decade (Ng & Kottelat 1998, 2004; Ng & Tan 1999;
Arunkumar 2000; Ng & Freyhof 2003; Ng & Rainboth 2005; Ng 2006, 2007;
Page et al. 2007).
Recently, specimens of Akysis collected from the Sittang River
drainage in Myanmar were made available to me. This material was initially identified as Akysis longifilis, but
close examination revealed enough differences to warrant its recognition as a
distinct species. The description of
this new species as Akysis portellus sp. nov. forms the basis of this
study.
Material and
Methods
Measurements were made point-to-point with dial calipers and recorded to
0.1mm. Ng & Kottelat (1998) are followed
for all measurements and counts, with the following additions: dorsal-spine
length, which is measured from the base to the tip of the dorsal spine, head
depth, which is measured at the base of the supraoccipital process (defined as
the posterior margin of the supraoccipital excluding the supraoccipital
process), and gape width, which is the horizontal distance of the mouth
measured from one rictus to another. Meristic values with an asterisk indicate those for the holotype.
Material examined in this study is deposited in the following
institutions: Natural History Museum, London (BMNH); California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco (CAS); collection of Maurice Kottelat, Cornol (CMK);
Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm (NRM); Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum,
Leiden (RMNH); University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor (UMMZ);
National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC (USNM); Zoölogisch Museum,
Amsterdam (ZMA); Zoological Reference Collection, Raffles Museum of
Biodiversity Research, Singapore (ZRC); Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta
(ZSI).
Akysis
portellus sp. nov.
(Images 1-5;
Figure 1; Table 1)
Type material:
Holotype: ZRC 51138, 32.7mm
SL; Myanmar: Bago division, Shwe Kyin, 17o55’N-96o53’E; Than Kyaw Toe, August 2007.
Paratypes: NRM 57228
(5), 29.3-34.3mm SL; UMMZ 248469 (12), 23.8-33.8mm SL; ZRC 51139 (9),
28.9-35.0mm SL; data as for holotype.
Non-type material: ZRC 46429 (15), 30.9-42.6mm SL; Myanmar: from
aquarium trade; H.H. Tan & H.H. Ng, 24 July 2001.
Diagnosis:
Akysis portellus sp.
nov. is most similar to A. longifilis, which occurs sympatrically in the
Sittang River drainage. It is
distinguished from A. longifilis in having a shorter adipose-fin base
(17.1-19.2% SL vs. 25.7-31.1), smaller mouth (gape width 9.5-11.1% HL vs.
12.9-14.7; Image 2) and a more rounded head shape when viewed dorsally (Image
3). Akysis portellus sp. nov.
differs from other congeners (except for A. brachybarbatus, A.
fuliginatus, A. longifilis, A. manipurensis, A. pictus,A. prashadi, A. pulvinatus, A. variegatus, A. varius A. vespa and A. vespertinus) in having a smooth (vs. serrated)
posterior edge of the pectoral spine. It
is distinguished from A. brachybarbatus in having a more slender caudal
peduncle (6.0-7.0% SL vs. 7.9-8.1), from A. fuliginatus in having a more
slender caudal peduncle (6.0-7.0% SL vs. 10.1-10.5), longer nasal and maxillary
barbels (nasal barbel length 80.5-101.4% HL vs. 52.1-58.2; maxillary barbel
length 116.7-143.2% HL vs. 100.0-109.1), presence of light saddle-shaped spots
on the body (vs. uniformly dark body), and a forked (vs. truncate) caudal fin,
and from A. manipurensis in having a more slender caudal peduncle
(6.0-7.0% SL vs. 9.3-10.0) and longer nasal barbels (nasal barbel length
80.5-101.4% HL vs. 68.9-89.4). Akysis
portellus sp. nov. differs from A. pictus in having a more slender
caudal peduncle (6.0-7.0% SL vs. 7.7-8.5), shorter adipose-fin base (17.1-19.2%
SL vs. 22.0-23.6), and longer nasal and maxillary barbels (nasal barbel length
80.5-101.4% HL vs. 54.3-56.7; maxillary barbel length 116.7-143.2% HL vs.
95.7-128.8), from A. prashadi in having a longer caudal peduncle
(19.1-22.0% SL vs. 16.5-18.4), and from A. pulvinatus in having a
shorter adipose-fin base (17.1-19.2% SL vs. 23.0-25.2), more slender caudal
peduncle (6.0–7.0% SL vs. 9.4–10.3), longer nasal and maxillary barbels (nasal
barbel length 80.5-101.4% HL vs. 13.9-57.5; maxillary barbel length 116.7–143.2%
HL vs. 78.5–105.0). It is distinguished
from A. variegatus in having longer nasal and maxillary barbels (nasal
barbel length 80.5–101.4% HL vs. 33.3–62.3; maxillary barbel length
116.7–143.2% HL vs. 78.3–114.8), from A. varius in having a forked (vs.
truncate) caudal fin, from A. vespa in having a more slender caudal
peduncle (6.0–7.0% SL vs. 7.6–8.5), and longer nasal and maxillary barbels
(nasal barbel length 80.5–101.4% HL vs. 54.5–72.5; maxillary barbel length
116.7–143.2% HL vs. 89.0–98.2), and from A. vespertinus in having a more
slender caudal peduncle (6.0–7.0% SL vs. 7.4–9.2), larger interorbital distance
(30.8–36.8% HL vs. 24.5–28.8) and longer barbels (nasal barbel length
80.5–101.4% HL vs. 37.8–48.3; maxillary barbel length 116.7–143.2% HL vs.
84.9–96.6; inner mandibular barbel length 53.7–79.2% HL vs. 35.7–59.0; outer
mandibular barbel length 101.1–127.8% HL vs. 66.3–83.1).
Description:
Biometric data in Table 1. Body
moderately compressed. Dorsal profile
rising evenly but not steeply from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, then
sloping gently ventrally from there to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile flat to anal-fin base, then
sloping gently dorsally from there to end of caudal peduncle. Anus and urogenital openings located at vertical
through middle of adpressed pelvic fin. Skin tuberculate. Lateral line
extending just posterior to base of last anal-fin ray. Vertebrae 16+16=32 (2), 17+15=32 (2),
16+17=33* (4) or 17+16=33 (2).
Head depressed and broad, with rounded snout margin when viewed from
above. Anterior nostril tubular, base of
nostril not in contact with base of nasal barbel. Gill openings narrow, extending from
immediately ventral to posttemporal to one-third of distance from ventral
midline of body to base of pectoral spine. Bony elements of dorsal surface of head covered with thick, tuberculate
skin. Eye ovoid, horizontal axis
longest; located entirely in dorsal half of head.
Barbels in four pairs. Maxillary
barbel long and slender, extending to vertical through middle of dorsal-fin
base. Nasal barbel slender, extending to
dorsalmost limit of gill opening. Inner
mandibular-barbel origin close to midline, extending to base of pectoral spine. Outer mandibular barbel originating
posterolateral of inner mandibular barbel, extending beyond base of last
pectoral-fin ray.
Mouth subterminal, premaxillary tooth band not exposed when mouth is
closed. Oral teeth small and villiform,
in irregular rows on all tooth-bearing surfaces. Premaxillary tooth band rounded, of equal
width throughout. Dentary tooth band
much narrower than premaxillary tooth band at symphysis, tapering laterally.
Dorsal fin located above anterior third of body, with I,4 (2), I,4,i (6)
or I,5* (2) rays; fin margin convex; spine short and straight. Adipose fin with anterior margin slightly
concave and posterior margin angular, origin at vertical through middle of
pelvic-fin base. Caudal fin gently
forked, with i,5,5,i (2) or i,6,6,i* (8) principal rays; lower lobe slightly
longer and broader than upper lobe. Procurrent rays symmetrical and extending only slightly anterior to fin
base. Anal-fin origin at vertical
through approximately midpoint of adipose-fin base. Anal fin with convex margin and iii,5,i* (6),
iii,6 (1), iv,4,i (1) or iv,5 (2) rays. Pelvic-fin
origin at vertical through posterior end of dorsal-fin base. Pelvic fin with slightly convex margin and
i,5 (10) rays; tip of adpressed fin not reaching anal-fin origin. Pectoral fin with I,6 (1), I,6,i (6) or I,7*
(3) rays; fin margin posteriorly convex; anterior spine margin smooth,
posterior margin without serrations.
Coloration:
In ethanol: dorsal surface and sides of head medium grayish brown, with few darker brown spots randomly scattered throughout. Dorsal surface and sides of body dark grayish brown. Belly, chest and ventral surfaces of head and body light brown. Dorsal half of body with two elongate saddle-shaped light brown spots: first on body at anterior three-quarters of adipose-fin base, second more elongate and between posterior fifth of adipose-fin base and caudal flexure. Ventral half of body with two similar saddle-shaped, light brown spots: first between anal and pelvic fins and second between posterior base of anal fin and caudal flexure. Anterior ventral spot largely coalescent with light brown coloration of ventral surfaces. Proximal two thirds of dorsal fin chocolate brown. Anal and pelvic fins hyaline. Proximal half of pectoral fin with reticulate brown band; rest of fin hyaline. Caudal fin chocolate brown with distal one third of both upper and lower lobes with large, mostly hyaline spot (with scattered melanophores). Adipose fin dark grayish brown, except where lighter brown saddles-shaped spots on body run through fin. Barbels light brown, maxillary pair sometimes with few brown rings proximally. Color in life similar, but more yellowish-brown overall (Image 4). Some individuals with marked orange hue over dorsal surfaces of head and body (Image 5)
Etymology:
From the Latin portella, the diminutive form of porta,
meaning door. The name is used as a noun
and alludes to the relatively small mouth of this species.
Distribution:
Known from the type locality in the Sittang River drainage, southern
Myanmar (Image 1).
Discussion
Five other species of Akysis are recorded from Myanmar (Ng 2008):A. longifilis, A. pictus, A. prashadi, A. vespa andA. vespertinus with a sixth species, A. manipurensis, being known
from the Chindwin River drainage (itself part of the Irrawaddy River drainage)
in India (Vishwanath et al. 2007). Only A.
longifilis is known to occur sympatrically with A. portellus sp.
nov. in the Sittang River drainage (the type locality of A. portellus is
about 90km downstream along the Sittang River from that of A. longifilis;
Image 1). Although both species are
superficially very similar, a side-by-side comparison reveals the differences
outlined in the diagnosis. These
differences in the gross morphology are not due to sexual dimorphism because
the differences are consistent across members of both species. Although it cannot be excluded that the
differences reflect different geographical variants of the same species, the
highly distinct degree of difference in the shapes of the head and the mouth
makes it unlikely that consistent morphological differences of this nature are
merely due to geographical variation. Furthermore, the caudal peduncle of A. portellus appears to be
more slender than that of A. longifilis, although this difference is not
translated measurably (caudal peduncle depth 6.0–7.0% SL in A. portellussp. nov. vs. 5.6–7.2 in A. longifilis). There also appear to be slight differences in color between the two
species: the pelvic and anal fins of all A. portellus specimens examined
appear to lack any markings, while those of A. longifilis usually have
very few brown spots that form indistinct transverse bands through the middle
of the fins. Finally, A. portellussp. nov. has fewer vertebrae than A. longifilis (32–33 vs. 33–35),
although the overlap in vertebral counts diminishes its value as a diagnostic
character.
Despite the diversity of the group, the occurrence of two species of Akysisin close sympatry is only known from the Endau River drainage, where A.
microps and A. hendricksoni occur syntopically in the Kahang River
(Ng & Tan 1999), and possibly in the Mekong River drainage (although known
distribution of the sympatric species are separated by greater distances than
is the case for A. longifilis and A. portellus sp. nov.; see Ng
& Sabaj 2005, Image 2). Given the
close overall similarity between A. longifilis and A. portellus,
it is not surprising that an unpublished phylogenetic analysis using nuclear
and mitochondrial markers revealed them to be sister taxa. The evoluionary implications of this are
still being investigated and will be reported on at a later date.
Comparative
material
Akysis brachybarbatus:
CMK 5667 (2 paratypes), 33.2–34.1mm SL; China: Yunnan, Menlian county.
A. fuliginatus: UMMZ
241338 (holotype), 21.5mm SL; UMMZ 235691 (2 paratypes), 19.1–19.9mm SL; Cambodia:
Stung Treng province, Mekong River on W edge of Kaoh Han, 16km NE of Stung
Treng, 13o38’N-106o3’E.
A. longifilis: UMMZ
246172 (holotype), 33.8mm SL; UMMZ 245966 (7 paratypes), 31.5–53.1mm SL; ZRC
51157 (14), 26.2–44.6mm SL; Myanmar: Bago division, Pyu township, Pyu stream
(tributary of Sittang River) ca. 229km from Yangon.
A. manipurensis: data
from Vishwanath et al. (2007).
A. pictus: BMNH
1880.12.1.25-26 (2 syntypes), 37.7-42.4mm SL; Myanmar: Tenasserim. UMMZ 245965 (1), 59.2mm SL; Myanmar: Kayin state,
hillstreams in Ataran River drainage in the vicinity of Payathonzu, 15o25’N-98o15’E.
A. prashadi: ZSI
F10873/1 (holotype), 38.3mm SL; Myanmar: Kachin state, Myitkyina district, S
end of Lake Indawgyi and along W shore near Lonton village. CAS 98615 (1), 62.1mm SL; Myanmar: Sagaing
division, Kalemyo markets. CAS 98616
(3), 20.8–50.4mm SL; Myanmar: Kachin state, Ayeryawaddy River, just S of
Myitkyina. NRM 41051 (1), 45.5mm SL;
Myanmar: Kachin state, Nant Yen Khan Cheng, effluent of Lake Indawgyi, upstream
of road near Lonton village. UMMZ 245488
(16), 35.7–44.6mm SL; Myanmar: Kachin state, Myitkyina district, hillstreams at
Tonpan village, on road from Myitkyina to Tanai.
A. pulvinatus: UMMZ
248249 (holotype), 29.6mm SL; ZRC 51009 (3 paratypes), 21.7–26.6mm SL;
Thailand; Ranong province, stream draining into Andaman Sea upstream of Kapoe,
9o34’14.0”N-98o41’40.4”E. UMMZ 245696 (1
paratype), 26.5mm SL; Thailand: Ranong province, Baan Na district, hillstreams
flowing from Langkatuek, Klong Naka. UMMZ 248250 (2 paratypes), 22.8–23.9mm SL; Thailand; Phang Nga province,
Tapi River drainage, Khlong Sok at Khao Sok canoe point, ca 5km upstream of
‘fish cave’, 8o52’45.8”N- 98o41’19.4”E.
A. variegatus: RMNH 6881
(16), 22.2–33.3mm SL; Java: Batavia [=Jakarta] and Parongkalong
[=Parungkarang]. ZMA 104.652 (1), 30.2mm
SL; Java: Batavia [=Jakarta].
A varius: ZRC 41015
(holotype), 30.8mm SL; CMK 12609, 1 paratype, 23.0mm SL; Laos: Khammouan
province, Xe Bangfai about 3km upriver of Ban Pakphanang. CMK 12433 (6 paratypes), 13.5–21.7mm SL;
Laos: Khammouan province, Xe Bangfai, rapids about 2km upriver of Ban
Pungxe. UMMZ 214913 (2 paratypes),
20.4–20.6mm SL; Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani province, Khong Chiam district, Huay
Kwang, 1.5 km upstream from Mun River. USNM 232390 (7 paratypes), 16.2–20.7mm SL; Thailand: Nakhon Ratchasima
province, Lam Nam Mun, about 1km below dam and 2 km downstream from Phima.
A. vespa: ZRC 46423
(holotype), 30.0mm SL; CMK 17788 (8 paratypes), 15.7–31.4mm SL; CMK 17953 (5
paratypes), 16.7–20.9mm SL; CMK 17977 (5 paratypes); ZRC 49155 (4 paratypes),
16.4–28.9mm SL; Myanmar: Kayin state, stream “Chon Son” between Kyondaw and
Phadaw, about 20km NW of Payathouzu (at border with Thailand), 15o25’N-98o15’E.
A. vespertinus: UMMZ
248755 (holotype), 34.3mm SL; UMMZ 248756 (4 paratypes), 26.9–33.6mm SL; UMMZ
248757 (2 paratypes), 23.2–24.6mm SL; CMK 20752 (2 paratypes), 26.0–29.5mm SL;
ZRC 51435 (2 paratypes), 26.8–27.1mm SL; Myanmar: Rakhine state: headwaters of
Ann Chaung drainage, approx 19km E by S of Ann, 19o43’N-94o11’E.
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