Three new
fungi from Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India
V.B. Hosagoudar 1& M.C. Riju 2
1,2 Tropical Botanic Garden and Research
Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695562, India
Email: 1 vbhosagoudar@rediffmail.com
(corresponding author)
Date of
publication (online): 26 March 2011
Date of
publication (print): 26 March 2011
ISSN
0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print)
Editor: Richard Mibey
Manuscript details:
Ms # o2641
Received 07 December 2010
Final received 10 February 2011
Finally accepted 15 February
2011
Citation: Hosagoudar, V.B. & M.C. Riju (2011). Three new
fungi from Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(3):
1615-1619.
Copyright: © V.B. Hosagoudar & M.C. Riju 2011. Creative
Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use
of this article in any medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and
distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of
publication.
Acknowledgements: We thank the director, TBGRI, Palode for providing facilities and to
Mr. T. Shaju, TBGRI, Palode for identifying the host plants.
There are
several sporadic reports on fungi of Silent Valley National Park, but a
consolidated account of any group of fungi of this evergreen forest is
lacking. We have been making
continuous efforts in the study of these fungi (Hosagoudar et al. 1996;
Florence 2004; Hosagoudar & Biju 2006; Hosagoudar et al. 2010; Rajeshkumar
& Hosagoudar 2010; Shaji & Hosagoudar 2010) and in this note we provide
an account of three new fungi.
Asteridiella toddaliae sp. nov.
(Fig. 1)
Material
examined:02.viii.2008, on leaves of Toddalia asiatica(L.) Lam. (Rutaceae), Cheriavalakkad, Silent Valley National Park, Palakkad, Kerala,
India, coll. M.C. Riju et al. TBGT 4513 (holotype). Part of the collection has
been deposited in HCIO, New Delhi, (MycoBank # 561021).
Coloniae
amphigenae, densae, velutinae, ad 3mm diam., raro confluentes. Hyphae rectae, subrectae vel undulatae, plerumque opposite laxe ramosae,
laxe vel arte reticulatae, cellulae 22–30 x 7–10 µm. Appressoria
alternata, unilateralis, ad 10% opposita, antrorsa vel subantrorsa, raro
retrorsa, 12–25 µm longa; cellulae basilares cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 2–8
µm longae; cellulae apicales ovatae, globosae, integrae, 10–18 x 7–13
µm. Phialides
appressoriis intermixtae, alternatae, oppositae, ampulliformes, 15–23 x 5–8
µm. Perithecia laxe
aggregata ad coloniis centre, ad 210µm diam.; cellulae peritheciales
mammiformes vel conoideae, 17–28 µm longae; ascosporae oblongae vel
ellipsoideae, 4-septatae, constrictus ad septatae, 45–48 x 22–25 µm.
Colonies
amphigenous, dense, velvety, up to 3mm diam., rarely confluent. Hyphae straight, substraight to undulating, branching
mostly opposite at wide angles, loosely to closely reticulate, cells 22–30
x 7–10 µm. Appressoria alternate, unilateral, about 10% opposite, antrorse to
subantrorse, rarely retrorse, 12–25 µm long; stalk cells cylindrical to
cuneate, 2–8 µm long; head cells ovate, globose, entire, 10–18 x 7–13
µm. Phialides mixed with
appressoria, alternate, opposite, ampulliform, 15–23 x 5–8 µm. Perithecia loosely grouped at the
centre of the colony, up to 210µm in diam.; perithecial wallcells mammiform to
conoid, 17–28 µm long; ascospores oblong to ellipsoidal, 4-septate,
constricted at the septa, 45–48 x 22–25 µm.
Of the
known species of the genus Asteridiella on Rutaceae, Asteridiella obesa (Speg.) Hansf. var.obesula (Speg.) Hansf. and A. fagaricola (Speg.) Hansf. var.zanthoxyli Hansf. havingalternate and opposite appressoria (Hansford 1961). The present new species differs from the former taxon known
on Esenbeckia
latifolia from
Paraguay in having perfectly rounded head cells of appressoria in contrast to
rounded-angulose. It also differs
from the latter taxon known on Zanthoxylum
hymenale from
Argentina in having only 10% opposite appressoria in contrast to 90% (Hansford
1961). The specific epithet is
derived from the host genus.
Meliola clausenigena sp. nov.
(Fig. 2)
Material
examined:01.viii.2008, on leaves of Clausena sp. (Rutaceae), Poochipara, Silent
Valley National Park, Palakkad, Kerala, India, coll. M.C. Riju et al. TBGT 4514
(holotype). Part of the collection
has been deposited in HCIO, New Delhi, (MycoBank # 561022).
Coloniae
amphigenae, densae, velutinae, ad 3mm diam., dispersae vel confluentes. Hyphae rectae, flexuosae, opposite laxe ramosae, laxe
vel arte reticulatae, cellulae 15–30 x 5–8 µm. Appressoria plerumque opposita, raro
unilateralis, antrorsa vel subantrorsa, 17–23 µm longa; cellulae
basilares cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 5–8 µm longae; cellulae apicales
ovatae, oblongae, raro globosae, rectae vel curvulae, integrae, saepe sinuatae,
truncatae ad apicem, 12–15 x 7–10 µm. Phialides appressoriis inter mixtus, oppositae, alternatae
vel unilateralis, 15–20 x 7–10 µm. Setae myceliales
simplices, rectae vel uncinatae ad portionio apicalis, acutae, obtusae vel 2–3-dentatae
ad apicem, ad 240µm longae. Perithecia dispersa vel
aggregata, ad 190µm diam.; ascosporae oblongae vel cylindraceae, 4-septatae,
constrictus ad septatae, 37–40 x 15–20 µm.
Colonies
amphigenous, dense, velvety, up to 3mm in diam., scattered to confluent. Hyphae straight, flexuous, branching opposite at wide
angles, loosely to closely reticulate, cells 15–30 x 5–8 µm. Appressoria mostly opposite,
rarely unilateral, antrorse to subantrorse, 17–23 µm long; stalk cells
cylindrical to cuneate, 5–8 µm long; head cells ovate, oblong, rarely
globose, straight to curved, entire, often sinuate, truncate at the apex, 12–15
x 7–10 µm. Phialides mixed
with appressoria, opposite, alternate to unilateral, 15–20 x 7–10 µm. Mycelial setae
simple, straight to uncinate at the apical portion, acute, obtuse to 2–3-times
dentate at the tip, up to 240µm long. Perithecia scattered to grouped in the colonies, up to 190µm
in diam.; ascospores oblong to cylindrical, 4-septate, constricted at the
septum, 37–40 x 15–20 µm.
This is
the only species of the genus Meliola known on the members of the family
Rutaceae having straight, curved to uncinate apical portion of the mycelial
setae (Hansford 1961; Hosagoudar et al. 1996; Hu et al. 1996, 1999; Hosagoudar
1996, 2008; Hosagoudar & Agarwal 2008). The specific epithet is derived from the host genus.
Meliola strombosiigena sp. nov.
(Fig. 3)
Material
examined:01.viii.2008, on leaves of Strombosiasp. (Olacaceae),
Cheriavalakkad, Silent Valley National Park, Palakkad, Kerala, India, coll.
M.C. Riju et al. TBGT 4515 (holotype). Part of the collection has been deposited in HCIO, New Delhi, (MycoBank
# 561023).
Coloniae
amphigenae, plerumque hypophyllae, densae, velutinae, ad 4mm diam.,
confluentes. Hyphae flexuosae vel
undulatae, opposite vel alternatim acuteque vel laxe ramosae, laxe vel arte
reticulatae, cellulae 15–25 x 5–10 µm. Appressoria alternata, opposita vel
unilateralis, antrorsa vel subantrorsa, raro retrorsa, 17–28 µm longa;
cellulae basilares cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 5–8 µm longae; cellulae
apicales oblongae vel cylindraceae, rectae vel flexuosis curvulae, integrae, 10–20
x 5–8 µm. Phialides
appressoriis intermixtus, alternatae, oppositae vel unilateralis,
ampulliformes, 20–30 x 6–8 µm. Setae myceliales rectae vel curvulae, dispersae, acutae ad
apicem, ad 720µm longae; Perithecia dispersa, ad 240µm diam.; ascosporae
obovoideae, 4-septatae, constrictus ad septatae, 50–55 x 20–23 µm.
Colonies
amphigenous, mostly hypophyllous, dense, velvety, up to 4mm diam., confluent. Hyphae flexuous to undulate, branching opposite to alternate at acute to
wide angles, loosely to closely reticulate, cells 15–25 x 5–10 µm. Appressoria alternate, opposite to
unilateral, antrorse to subantrorse, rarely retrorse, 17–28 µm long;
stalk cells cylindrical to cuneate, 5–8 µm long; head cells oblong to
cylindrical, straight to flexuously curved, entire, 10–20 x 5–8 µm.
Phialides mixed with appressoria, alternate, opposite to unilateral,
ampulliform, 20–30 x 6–8 µm. Mycelial setae straight to curved, scattered, acute at the tip, up to
720µm long; Perithecia scattered in the colonies, up to 240µm in diam.;
ascospores obovoidal, 4-septate, constricted at the septa, 50–55 x 20–23
µm.
Meliola
strobosiae Hosag. et al. is known on Strombosia ceylonica from Kukke Subramanya, Karnataka
(Hosagoudar 2008). However, the
present new species differs from it in having narrow head cells (5–8 µm
against 8–12 µm) and larger spores (50–55 x 20–23 against 36–40
x 15–17 µm). The specific
epithet is derived from the host genus.
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