New locality record and
additional information on the habitat of Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird, 1859)
(Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cyclestherida) in India
Sameer M. Padhye1, Hemant V. Ghate2 & Kalpana Pai3
1 Research Fellow, 2 Associate
Professor, Department of Zoology, Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
3 Head, Department of Zoology, Modern
College, Shivajinagar, Pune,
Maharashtra 411005, India
Email: 1 sameer.m.padhye@gmail.com, 2 hemantghate@gmail.com,3 kalpanapai@unipune.ernet.in
Date
of publication (online): 26 January 2011
Date
of publication (print): 26 January 2011
ISSN
0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print)
Editor: Stephen C. Weeks
Manuscript
details:
Ms # o2335
Received 20
October 2009
Final received
15 December 2010
Finally
accepted 21 December 2010
Citation: Padhye, S.M., H.V. Ghate & K. Pai (2011). New locality record and additional information on the habitat of Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird,
1859) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda:Cyclestherida) in India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(1): 1445-1448.
Copyright: © Sameer M. Padhye, Hemant V. Ghate & Kalpana Pai 2011. Creative Commons Attribution
3.0 Unported License. JoTTallows unrestricted use of this article in any medium for non-profit purposes,
reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and
the source of publication.
Acknowlegements:We thank Dr. Jørgen Olesen(Denmark) for help and critical review; Dr. Michael Korn(Germany) for help in identification and literature; Dr. Gunaleof the Botany Department, University of Pune for help
in identification of phytoplankton; authorities of Modern College, and Zoology
Department of Pune University for facilities and CSIR
for financial support.
Abstract: The paper reports the presence of the branchiopod Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird) in one permanent and one
temporary fresh water pond near Pune City,
Maharashtra.
Keywords: Branchiopoda, Cyclestheria hislopi, Maharashtra, permanent fresh water pond, Pune.
For images, tables -- click here
Cyclestheria hislopi is a clam shrimp in
the order, Cyclestherida of the class Branchiopoda (Martin et al. 2003; Olesen2009). This parthenogeneticallybreeding species consists mostly of females with rare occurrence of males in
some populations. While
morphological and phylogenetic aspects of Cyclestheria hislopi are well known, its
ecological preferences are yet to receive attention.
Cyclestheria hislopidescribed from Nagpur, India, by Baird (1859) as Estheria hislopi was transferred to a new family, Cyclestheriidae,
by Sars, in 1889 (Olesen et
al. 1996). Later Nayar & Nair (1967) and Nair (1968) reported it from
Kerala, and Battish (1981) from Punjab, India. Paul & Nayar(1977) studied populations of Cyclestheria in Kerala and reported that they were
found in shallow, temporary ponds with plenty of rooted vegetation and were
predominantly associated with the weed Hydrilla verticillata. It is pan-tropical in occurrence between
300N & 350S and has been reported from Australia,
Africa, the Americas and various parts of Asia (Olesenet al. 1996); it occurs also in permanent water bodies in addition to temporary
pools. Males are known from four
sites only, all of which are either in the northern or southern extremes of range. In this note we report a new locality
of occurrence of Cyclestheria hislopi,with additional
observations on the physico-chemical parameters.
Methods
Samples
of Cyclestheria hislopi were collected as a
part of our survey for invertebrates in various small ephemeral or permanent
ponds in the Pune environs, with a net (mesh about
300µm) swept at an approximate depth of 6cm in both the localities. It was found in two man-made ponds, a
permanent one, Ganesh Talav(18039’9.28”N & 73045’46.75”E) (Images 1 & 2) and a temporary pond
near Dighi Town (18035’58.68”N & 73052’37.14”E)
(Images 3 & 4). Maximum depth
of both the ponds was approximately 2m. Ganesh Talav is
approximately 50m long and 25m wide and has aquatic vegetation, mainly of Hydrilla sp., while the pond near Dighi is about 25m long and 15m wide lacking rooted aquatic
vegetation. Both the ponds are
close to rivers but distinct.
Sample
collection was done from October 2008 to May 2009 in Ganesh Talav, while in Dighi from
December 2008 to March-April 2009. Sampling was done in February by filtering 5L of water from
approximately 0.3m2 area in a single site for one day. Samples were preserved in 4% formalin
for identification of Cyclestheria hislopi as well as the phytoplankton. Physico-chemical
parameters (conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids) of both
habitats were recorded in the field with portable EUTECH Multi-parameter PCS
Tester 35. Samples were dissected
and photographed under Kyowa or Leica MZ6 Stereomicroscope
with attached Canon Powershot digital camera. Measurements were made using ERMA stage
and ocular micrometer.
Results
The
aquatic vegetation of Ganesh Talavmainly consisted of Hydrilla spread
all over. The pond also had the
guppy Lebistes reticulatus,insect larvae and
dragonfly nymphs. Water level in
the pond was more or less same during the collection period, maximum depth
being 1.5-2 m. Cyclestheria hislopi was found in low
densities in Ganesh Talav(Images 5 & 6).
The pond
near Dighi was ephemeral and received water from the
start of monsoon (July) and it remained filled till the end of March 2009. Aquatic vegetation was absent during
most of the monsoon period, but during the last 20 days of March, algal mats
were observed in a few places. The
maximum depth of the pond was 1m. Density of Cyclestheria hislopi was much higher in
this pond than in Ganesh Talavand it increased as the pond started drying.
Preliminary
analysis of the phytoplankton composition of the two ponds showed the presence
of diatoms and, to a lesser degree, green algae. Members of the diatom genera Fragillaria, Oscillatoria,Nitzschia, Navicula, and Cymbella were observed. Green algal species of Eudorina and Actinastrum and Spirogyra were seen, but the last was not very abundant. Composition of phytoplankton in both
the ponds was similar.
Physico-chemical features of the two habitats
were different. Salinity,
conductivity and T.D.S. were five times higher in the ephemeral pond near Dighi than in the permanent pond Ganesh Talav, while pH was lower (Table 1). Surface temperature was the highest in
the temporary pool near Dighi (maximum of 310C;
Table 1), as it was smaller.
Discussion
Nayar & Nair (1968), while reporting C. hislopi from India, observed that Cyclestheria was always found in association with Hydrilla. In our case, however, it was found in temporary water bodies without
vegetation. Rosseler(1995) reported the presence of Cyclestheria in permanent water bodies in
Colombia. This report confirms
that Cyclestheria do live in permanent water bodies (in
contrast to other clam shrimps) and that they do not require aquatic
vegetation. It is also found that Cyclestheria tolerate the presence of Lebistes fish. Furthermore, Cyclestheria tolerate a large variation in the physico-chemical properties, e.g., a pH up to 9,
temperatures up to 310C and fluctuations in other parameters like
conductivity. Gut composition of Cyclestheria hislopi showed the presence of diatoms, as
primary food. Fish normally do not
co-exist with C.hislopi, but Ganesh Talavoffers a unique opportunity to study this coexistence. Witham et al. (1998) stated that
habitats of small invertebrates, such as clam shrimps, are often overlooked and
therefore destroyed. Ganesh Talav, the permanent pond
in this study, is under stress since lot of organic matter is repeatedly being dumped in
the pond, despite steps taken to prevent. It is very unfortunate since this pond is quite a unique habitat, being
the only permanent water body harbouring Cyclestheria found so far in India.
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