Fish diversity in streams/rivers of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article describes fish diversity in streams and rivers of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), Tamil Nadu. Fifty species of fishes belonging to 10 orders, 15 families, and 32 genera are recorded. Seven species, Garra joshuai, G. kalakadensis, Haludaria kannikattiensis, Hypselobarbus tamiraparaniei Mesonemachilus tambraparniensis, Neolissochilus tamiraparaniensis, and Dawkinsia tambraparniei are strictly endemic to this protected area. The minnows, Devario aequipinnatus, Garra mullya, and G. kalakadensis are widely distributed in KMTR streams. High species diversity (H’=2.81) was recorded in Gadana River, whereas low species diversity (H’=0.61) was registered in Poonkulam area. Bray-Curtis similarity analysis showed that sites along the headwater streams have similar faunal assemblage. Result of regression analysis revealed that there is a significant pattern explained between stream order and species richness (r2=0.86; p<0.05). Among 50 species, four (Garra kalakadensis, G. joshuai, Dawkinsia tambraparniei, and Tor malabaricus) are listed in threatened categories of IUCN Red List. Important threats faced by endemic species and their management strategies are discussed.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors own the copyright to the articles published in JoTT. This is indicated explicitly in each publication. The authors grant permission to the publisher Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society to publish the article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. The authors recognize WILD as the original publisher, and to sell hard copies of the Journal and article to any buyer. JoTT is registered under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which allows authors to retain copyright ownership. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the data, modify, reprint, copy and distribute provided the authors and source of publication are credited through appropriate citations (e.g., Son et al. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(7): 8953–8969. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2785.8.7.8953-8969). Users of the data do not require specific permission from the authors or the publisher.
References
Anderson, M.J. (2001). Permutation tests for univariate or multivariate analysis of variance and regression. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58: 626–639. https://doi.org/10.1139/f01-004
Angermeier, P.L. & I.J. Schlosser (1989). Species area relationship for stream fishes. Ecology 70: 1450–1462. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938204
Arunachalam, M. & J.A. Johnson (2002). A new species of Puntius (Hamilton) from Tamiraparani River. Journal of Bombay National History & Society 99(3): 474–480.
Arunachalam, M., A. Sankaranarayan, J.A. Johnson, A. Manimekalan, R. Soranam, P.N. Shanthi & C. Vijayakumar (2000). Fishes of Nambiyar river, Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 97(1): 153–154.
Bleher, H. (2018). Indian Ornamental Fishes - Volume 1. Aquapress Publishers, Miradolo Terme, Italy, 850pp.
De Silva, S.S., W.M.H.K. Wijenayake, A.B.A.K. Gunaratne & U.S. Amarasinghe (2004). Use of GIS tools to develop a scale for the selection of non-perennial reservoirs for culture based fisheries activities, pp. 559–572. In: Nishida, T., P.J. Kailola & C.E. Hollingworth (eds.) GIS Spatial Analysis in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences - Vol. 2. Fishery and Aquatic GIS Research Group, Japan, 735pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8636-6_4
Godinho. F.N., M.T. Ferreira & J.M. Santos (2000). Variation in fish community composition along an Iberian river basin from low to high discharge: relative contributions of environmental and temporal variables. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 9: 22–29.
Grenouillet, G., D. Pont & C. Herisse (2004). Within-basin fish assemblage structure: the relative influence of habitat versus stream spatial position on local species richness. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science 61: 93–104.
Fricke, R., W.N. Eschmeyer & R. van der Laan (eds.) (2020). Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Electronicversion. accessed 23 April 2020. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp
Horwitz, R.J. (1978). Temporal variability patterns and the distributional patterns of stream fishes. Ecological Monograph 48: 307–321.
Indra, T.J. (1993). Report on the ichthyofauna of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 92: 177–192.
IUCN (2020). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020.2. Available at http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 08 March 2020.
Jayaram, K.C. (2010). The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region. NPH Publishers, New Delhi, 616pp.
Jerdon, T.C. (1849). On the fresh-water fishes of southern India. (Continued from p. 149). Madras Journal of Literature and Science 15(2): 302–346.
Johnsingh, A.J.T. & D. Viickram (1987). Fishes of Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84(3): 526–533.
Johnson, J.A. (1999). Diversity and ecological structure of fishes in selected streams/rivers in Western Ghats. PhD Thesis. Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 128pp.
Johnson, J.A. & K. Kannan (2012). Diversity and conservation of endangered fish genetic resources of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu. DST-Project Completion Report, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 44pp.
Johnson, J.A. & M. Arunachalam (2009). Diversity, distribution and assemblage structure of fishes in streams of southern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 1(10): 507–513. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2146.507-13
Johnson, J.A. & M. Arunachalam (2010). Habitat use of fishes in streams of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India. International Journal of Ecology and Development 17(10): 34–47.
Johnson, J.A. & M. Arunachalam (2012). Feeding habit and food partition in a stream fish community of Western Ghats, India. Environmental Biology of Fishes 93: 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9889-9
Kannan. K., J.A. Johnson & H. Malleshappa (2013). Growth and fitness of an endangered fish Dawkinsia tambraparniei (Cypriniforms: Cyprinidae) from southern Western Ghats, India. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 19(2): 61–66.
Kannan. K., J.A. Johnson, A. Kumar & S.K. Gupta (2014). Mitochontrial variation in the endangered fish Dawkinsia tambraparniei (Actinopterygii: Cypriniform: Cyprinidae) from Southern Western Ghats, India. Acta Icthyologica Et Piscatoria 44(1): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP2014.44.1.01
Kottelat, M. (2013). The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1–663.
Kottelat, M. (2020). Ceratogarra, a genus name for Garra cambodgiensis and G. fasciacauda and comments on the oral and gular soft anatomy in labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 35: 156–178.
Menon, A.G.K. (1992). Taxonomy of Mahseer fishes of the genus Tor Gray with description of a new species from the Deccan. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 89(2): 210–228.
Minshall, G.W., K.W. Cummins, R.C. Petersen, C.E. Cushing, D.A. Burns, J.R. Sedell & R.L. Vannote (1985). Development and in stream ecosystem theory. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42: 1045–1055.
Oberdorff, T., J.F. Gugan & B. Hugueny (1995). Global scale patterns of fish species richness in rivers. Ecography 18: 345–352.
Oberdorff, T., E. Guilbert & J. Lucchetta (1993). Patterns of fish richness in the Seine River basin, France. Hydrobiologia 259: 81–91.
Ostrand, K.G. & G.R. Wilde (2002). Seasonal and spatial variation in a Praire stream fish assemblage. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 11: 137–149.
Padhye, A.D., N. Dahanukar, M. Panigankar, M. Deshpande & D. Deshpande (2006). Seasonal and landscape wise distribution of butterflies in Tamhini, northern Western Ghats, India. Zoos’ Print Journal 21: 2175–2181. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1142.2175-81
Pusey, B.J., A.H. Arthington & M.G. Read (1993). Spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure in the Mary River, south-eastern Queensland: the influence of habitat structure. Environmental Biology of Fishes 37: 355–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005204
Remadevi, K. (1992). Fishes of Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India. Records of Indian Museum 92(1-4): 193–209.
Schlosser, I.J. (1991). Stream fish ecology a landscape perspective. Bioscience 41: 704–712. https://doi.org/10.2307/1311765
Silas, E.G. (1953). New fishes from the Western Ghats, with notes on Puntius arulius (Jerdon). Records of Indian Museum 51: 27–38.
Silas, E.G., A. Gopalakrishnan, L. John & C.P. Shaji (2005). Genetic identity of Tor malabaricus (Jerdon) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) as revealed by RAPD markers. Indian Journal of Fisheries 52(2): 125–140.
Silvano, R.A.M., B.D. do Amaral & O.T. Oyakawa (2000). Spatial and temporal patterns of diversity and distribution of the Upper Jurua River fish community (Brazilian Amazon). Environmental Biology of Fishes 57: 25–35.
Strahlers, A.N. (1957). Quantitative Analysis of Watershed Geomorphology. American Geophysical Union Transactions 38: 912–920.
Vannote, R.L., G.W. Minshall, K.W. Cummins, J.R. Seebell & C.E. Cushing (1980). The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37: 130–133. https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017
Yang, L., M. Arunachalam, T. Sado, B.A. Levin, A.S. Golubtsov, J. Freyhof, J.P. Friel, W. Chen, M.V. Hirti, R. Manickam, M.K. Agnew, A.M. Simons, K. Saitoh, M. Miya, R.L. Mayden & S. He (2012). Molecular phylogeny of the cyprinid tribe Labeonini (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(2): 362–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.007