First camera trap record of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Cuvier, 1825) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae) from Khangchendzonga, Sikkim, India

Main Article Content

Tawqir Bashir
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5176-0657
Tapajit Bhattacharya
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-4033
Kamal Poudyal
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-6050
Sambandam Sathyakumar
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2027-4706

Abstract

The Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Cuvier, 1825) is recognized as one of the most elusive arboreal carnivores of the eastern Himalaya that is poorly documented.  We report the first camera trap record of the Red Panda from the Prek catchment of Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (KBR) in Sikkim, India.  A total of three independent image captures were recorded during the sampling.  All occurrence records were exclusively from the sub-alpine habitat and restricted to an elevation range of 3,000–3,850 m.  This study not only accentuates the significance of sub-alpine habitats for the conservation of the Red Panda but also elucidates the importance of camera traps as an efficient sampling tool.  Through this study, we propose the requirement of a long-term study on the species within and outside the protected areas of Sikkim.

Article Details

Section
Short Communications
Author Biographies

Tawqir Bashir, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India.

DST-INSPIRE Faculty

Centre of Research for Development

Tapajit Bhattacharya, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box #18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.

Project Scientist (DST-NMSHE Project)

Kamal Poudyal, Namchi Government College, Kamrang, Namchi, Sikkim 737126, India.

Assistant Professor

Sambandam Sathyakumar, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box #18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.

Professor & Scientist- G

Department of Endangered Species Management

References

Bhutia, J.L. (2011). Current Distribution, Population Status, Habitat Characteristics and Conservation of Red Panda in Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary, Sikkim, India. MSc Thesis. Department of Forestry, NERIST (Deemed University), Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 42pp.

Bista, D., S. Shrestha, P. Sherpa, G.J. Thapa, M. Kokh, S.T. Lama, K. Khanal, A. Thapa & S.R. Jnawali (2017). Distribution and habitat use of Red Panda in the Chitwan-Annapurna landscape of Nepal. PLoS ONE 12(10): e0178797. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178797

Chakraborty, R., L.T. Nahmo, P.K. Dutta, T. Srivastava, K. Mazumdar & D. Dorji (2015). Status, abundance, and habitat associations of the Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) in Pangchen Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Mammalia 79(1): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2013-0105

Chettri, N. (2000). Impact of Habitat Disturbances on Bird and Butterfly Communities along the Yuksam-Dzongri Trail in Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve. PhD Thesis. Department of Zoology, North Bengal University, Darjeeling, India, 266.

Chettri, N. (2010). Cross-taxon congruence in a trekking corridor of Sikkim Himalayas: surrogate analysis for conservation planning. Journal for Nature Conservation 18(2): 75–88.

Chettri, N., E. Sharma & D.C. Deb (2001). Bird community structure along a trekking corridor of Sikkim Himalaya: a conservation perspective. Biological Conservation 102: 1–16.

Chettri, N., R. Jackson & E. Sharma (2005). Birds of Khecheopalri and Yuksom-Dzongri trekking corridor, West Sikkim. Journal of Hill Research 18: 16–25.

Chettri, B., S. Bhupathy & B.K. Acharya (2010). Distribution pattern of reptiles along an eastern Himalayan elevation gradient, India. Acta Oecologia 36: 16–22.

Choudhury, A. (2001). An overview of the status and conservation of the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens in India, with reference to its global status. Oryx 35(3): 250–259. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00181.x

Choudhury, A. (2013). The Mammals of northeast India. Gibbon Books and the Rhino Foundation for Nature in NE India, Guwahati, Assam, India, 432pp.

Dorjee, D., R. Chakraborty & P.K. Dutta (2014). A note on the high elevation distribution record of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae) in Tawang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 6(9): 6290–6292. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3492.6290-2

Dorji, S., K. Vernes & R. Rajaratnam (2011). Habitat correlates of the Red Panda in the temperate forests of Bhutan. PLoS ONE 6(10): e26483. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026483

Dorji, S., R. Rajaratnam & K. Vernes (2012). The Vulnerable Red Panda Ailurus fulgens in Bhutan: distribution, conservation status and management recommendations. Oryx 46(4): 536–543. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605311000780

Ghose, D. & P.K. Dutta (2011). Status and distribution of the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens fulgens in India, pp357–374. In: Glatston, A.R. (ed.). Red Panda, Biology and Conservation of the First Panda. Academic Press, London, UK, 488pp.

Ghose, P.S., B. Sharma, R. Chakraborty & K. Legshey (2011). Status of Red Panda in Sikkim: a case study in East Sikkim, pp363–378. In: Arrawatia, M.L. & S. Tambe (eds.). Biodiversity of Sikkim: Exploring and Conserving a Global Hotspot. Information and Public Relations Department, Government of Sikkim, Gangtok, Sikkim, 542pp.

Glatston, A., F. Wei, Z. Than & A. Sherpa (2015). Ailurus fulgens. In: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T714A110023718. Accessed on 06 September 2018. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T714A45195924.en

Glatston, A.R. (ed.) (2011). Red Panda: Biology and Conservation of the First Panda. Academic Press, London, UK, 488pp.

Khatiwara, S. & T. Srivastava (2014). Red Panda Ailurus fulgens and other small carnivores in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, East Sikkim, India. Small Carnivore Conservation 50: 35–38.

Maity, D. & G.G. Maiti (2007). The Wild Flowers of Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim. Naya Udyog, Kolkata, India, 174pp.

Mallick, J.K. (2010). Status of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens in Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India. Small Carnivore Conservation 43: 30–36.

Nowak, R. (1999). Walker’s Mammals of the World, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2,015pp.

Panthi, S., A. Aryal, D. Raubenheimer, J. Lord & B. Adhikari (2012). Summer diet and distribution of the Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal. Zoological Studies 51(5): 701–709.

Panthi, S., G. Khanal, K.P. Acharya, A. Aryal & A. Srivathsa (2017). Large anthropogenic impacts on a charismatic small carnivore: insights from distribution surveys of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens in Nepal. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0180978. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180978

Pradhan, S., G.K. Saha & J.A. Khan (2001). Ecology of the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens in the Singhalila National Park, Darjeeling, India. Biological Conservation 98(1): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00079-3

Reid, D.G., H. Jinchu & H. Yan (1991). Ecology of the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens in the Wolong Reserve, China. Journal of Zoology 225(3): 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb03821.x

Roberts, M.S. & J.L. Gittleman (1984). Ailurus fulgens. Mammalian Species 222: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/3503840

Sathyakumar, S., T. Bashir, T. Bhattacharya & K. Poudyal (2011). Assessing mammal distribution and abundance in intricate eastern Himalayan habitats of Khangchendzonga, Sikkim, India. Mammalia 75(3): 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.2011.023

Sharma, H.P. & J.L. Belant (2009). Distribution and observations of Red Pandas Ailurus fulgens in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal. Small Carnivore Conservation 40: 33–35.

Sharma, H.P. & J.L. Belant (2010). Threats and conservation of Red Pandas in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 15(4): 299–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200903582634

Srivastava, T. & P.K. Dutta (2010). Western Arunachal Pradesh offering prime home to the endangered Red Panda. Current Science 99(2): 155–156.

Tambe, S. (2007). Ecology and Management of the Alpine Landscape in the Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim Himalaya. PhD Dissertation. Department of Forestry, FRI University, Dehradun, 232pp.

Wei, F., Z. Feng, Z. Wang & M. Li (1999). Feeding strategy and resource partitioning between Giant and Red Pandas. Mammalia 63(4): 417–430. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1999.63.4.417

WWF-India (2011). Red Panda camera trapped in Sikkim. Posted on 04 May 2011. Accessed on 12 June 2018, https://www.wwfindia.org/news_facts/?5840/Red-Panda

Yonzon, P., R. Jones & F. Jefferson (1991). Geographic information systems for assessing habitat and estimating population of Red Pandas in Langtang National Park, Nepal. Ambio 20(7): 285–288.

Yonzon, P.B. & M.L. Hunter (1991). Cheese, tourists, and Red Pandas in the Nepal Himalayas. Conservation Biology 5(2): 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00124.x

Zhang, Z.J., F.W. Wei, M. Li & J.C. Hu (2006). Winter microhabitat separation between Giant and Red Pandas in Bashania faberi bamboo forest in Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(1): 231–235. https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[231:WMSBGA]2.0.CO;2

Zhang, Z.J., J.C. Hu, J.D. Yang, M. Li & F.W. Wei (2009). Food habits and space-use of Red Pandas Ailurus fulgens in the Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve, China: food effects and behavioural responses. Acta Theriologica 54(3): 225–234. https://doi.org/10.4098/j.at.0001-7051.017.2008