Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of two endemic and threatened dipterocarp trees from the Western Ghats of Kerala, India

Main Article Content

M. S. Sanil
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-2035
V.B. Sreekumar
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-4337
K. A. Sreejith
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-3973
A. J. Robi
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-5658
T. K. Nirmesh
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4408-3237

Abstract

Hopea glabra Wight & Arn. and Hopea utilis (Bedd.) Bole are two little-known highly threatened endemic dipterocarps distributed in evergreen forests of the Western Ghats.  Although literature surveys and herbarium records show occurrence of these species in different forest areas of Kerala, the present study could locate Hopea glabra from the Silent Valley National Park and Hopea utilis from Shankili forests in Kulathupuza range, enabling the portrayal of current distribution, basic ecology covering phenology, species association, regeneration and conservation status along with taxonomic notes.

Article Details

Section
Short Communications
Author Biographies

M. S. Sanil, Forest Ecology & Biodiversity Conservation Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653, India

Research Fellow

V.B. Sreekumar, Forest Ecology & Biodiversity Conservation Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653, India

Scientist

K. A. Sreejith, Forest Ecology & Biodiversity Conservation Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653, India

Scientist

A. J. Robi, Department of Botany, Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thuruthicad, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689 597, India

Assistant Professor

T. K. Nirmesh, Forest Ecology & Biodiversity Conservation Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653, India

Project Fellow

References

Anilkumar, N., M. Sivadasan & N. Ravi (2005). Flora of Pathanamthitta. Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 75pp.

Appanah, S. (1993). Mass floweing of Dipterocarps forests in the aseasonal tropics. Journal of Bioscience 18(4): 457–474.

Ashton, P. (1998a). Hopea glabra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T33018A9749319. Downloaded on 11 September 2017; http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33018A9749319.en

Ashton, P. (1998b). Hopea utilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T33023A9750096. Downloaded on 11 September 2017; http://doi.org/10.2305.UK.1998.RLTS.T33023A9750096.en

Beddome, R.H. (1872). The Flora Sylvatica for Southern India. Gantz Brothers, Madras, 237pp.

Chan, H.T. (1981). Reproductive biology of some Malaysian dipterocarps. III. Breeding Systems. Malaysian Forester 44(1): 28–36.

FAO (1985). Dipterocarps of South Asia. FAO, Rome.

Gamble, J.S. (1915). Flora of Presidency of Madras - Vol. 1. Adlard & Sons Ltd., 21, Hart Street W. O., London, 84pp.

Janardhanan, K.P. (1993). Dipterocarpaceae, pp. 206–251. In: Sharma, B.D. & M. Sanjappa (eds.). Flora of India. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

KFRI (1978). Dipterocarps of south Asia. KFRI Research Report No. 3. Peechi, Thrissur, 321pp.

Kumar, G.K. & K.M. Kaveriappa (1999). Hopea canarensis Hole: a little known species of the Western Ghats, India. The Indian Forester 125(2): 225–229.

Mabberley, D.J. (2008). Mabberley’s Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses. Third Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 421pp.

Meher-Homji, V.M. (1979). Distribution of Dipterocarpaceae: some phytogeographic considerations on India. Phytocoenologia 6: 85–93.

Meher-Homji, V.M. (1996). Endangered vegetation types of peninsular India. The Botanica 46: 18–24.

Nayar, T.S., A.R. Beegam & M. Sibi (2014). Flowering Plants of the Western Ghats - Vol. 1. JNTBGRI, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 325–328pp.

Pascal, J.P. (1988). Wet Evergreen Forests of the Western Ghats of India - Ecology, Structure, Floristic Composition and Succession. French Institute, Pondicherry, India, 345pp.

Pearson, R.S. & H.P. Brown (1932). Commercial Timbers of India - Volume 1. Government of India, Calcutta.

Ravikumar, K. & G.S. Goraya (1999). Rediscovery of Hopea canarensis Hole (Dipterocarpaceae) - an endemic and little known species from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 11(2): 337–344.

Stiling, P. (2011). Ecology - Theories and Application. 4th Edition. PHL Learning private limited, New Delhi, 24–39pp.

Saldanha, C.J. (1984). Flora of Karnataka - Vol. I. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 191–196pp.

Sasaki, S. (1980). Storage and germination of Dipterocarps seeds. Malaysian Forester 43(3): 290–308.

Sasidharan, N. (2004). Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala part 6: Flowering Plants of Kerala. Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, 44–45pp.

Sasidharan, N. (2017). A Handbook on the Red List Species and their Conervation Status in Kerala. Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, 229–235pp.

Shetty, B.V., K.M. Kaveriappa & K.G. Bhat (2002). Plant Resources of Western Ghats and Lowlands of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi Districts. Pilikula Nisarga Dhama Society, Moodushedde, Mangalore, 264pp.

Shiva, M.P. & I. Jantan (1998). Non-timber forest products from Dipterocarps, pp. 187–197. In: A Review of Dipterocarps: Taxonomy, Ecology and Silviculture. Centre for International Forestry. Research Bogor, Indonesia.

Sukesh & K.R. Chandrashekar (2011). Biochemical changes during the storage of seeds of Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabberly: an endemic species of Western Ghats. Research Journal of Seed Science 4(2): 106–116.

Swarupanandan, K., E.P. Indira, E.M. Muralidharan, R.C. Pandalai, P.A. Jose & M. Sanjappa (2013). Species Recovery of Dipterocarpus bourdillonii and Humboldtia bourdillonii, two Critically Endangered Endemic Trees of Western Ghats. KFRI Research Report No. 463, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, 86pp.

Yap, S.K. (1981). Collection, germination and storage of Dipterocarps seeds. Malaysian Forester 44: 281–300.