First record and description of female Onomarchus leuconotus (Serville, 1838) (Insect: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from peninsular India

: The members of family Tettigoniidae, commonly called katydids, generally exhibit mimicry and camouflage with shapes and colours similar to leaves. The genus Onomarchus Stal is mainly distributed in temperate and tropical Asia, and was earlier reported from Assam and West Bengal in India. The species Onomarchus leuconotus (Serville, 1838) is reported here for the first time in peninsular India from the Western Ghats (Chandoli National Park, Kolhapur, Maharashtra). This record extends the known geographical range of this species by about 1630 km. As its holotype is not described from India, the female of O. leuconotus is described here via detailed diagnostic characters, colour photographs and illustrations.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) During a survey of Orthoptera from the Western Ghats area, we came across a green Tettigonid at Chandoli National Park of Kolhapur district, and identified it as Onomarchus leuconotus, not previously reported from peninsular India.
The genus Onomarchus Stal, 1874 is spread across temperate and tropical Asia, and so far represented by five species (http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org, accessed on 7 May 2021). From India, Shishodia et al. (2010) listed Onomarchus bisulacatus from Mizoram, and Onomarchus leuconotus from Assam and West Bengal. Subsequently, Srinivasan and Prabakar (2012) reported Onomarchus uninotatus from Arunachal Pradesh. Serville (1838) described the male of O. leuconotus, while Barman (1993) provided minimum information about the diagnosis of this species and mentioned its locality as West Bengal (Kolkata) and Assam of India, as did Shishodia et al. (2010) who made a checklist without diagnosis and deposition records. Our report is the first record for the Western Ghats and peninsular India. Here we describe female O. leuconotus by giving detailed diagnostic characters, colour photographs and illustrations.

Materials and Methods
Material  Barman (1993), and images of the type specimen and keys on the website Orthoptera Species File (http://orthoptera. speciesfile.org). Dr. Sigfrid Ingrisch from The Alexander Koening Zoological Research Museum in Germany confirmed the identification based on images of the specimen.

Diagnostics
Head: Lateral margins, starting from the lower margin of the eyes and antennal socket downwards along the genae, broadly yellowish-white; labrum and mandibular base whitish (Image 1A, E).
Pronotum: short, disc white, hind margin acutely angular, centrally one long and one slightly short transverse groove running downwards and short vertical groove intersect posterior transverse suture vertically (Image 2A).
Meso and Metasternum: mesosternum somewhat quadrate, metasternum subquadrate narrows posteriorly; two large pits are situated nearly in the central area in both meso and metasterna and one very fine additional pit found near mesosternal caudal margin medially; pits in the metasternum joined by nearly straight grooves, mesosternal lateral pits joined to the medial pit by oblique grooves (Image 2B).
Legs: yellowish, fairly short; fore and mid femur barely dented below; fore femur bearing three spines on internal carina and 6 spines on external carina; mid femur bearing five spines on external carina and seven spines on internal carina; hind femur bearing five strong spines, broad at the base and hooked at tip and four small spines on external carina and 10 small spines on internal carina; hind tibia armed with five spines on the upper side and ventrally seven pairs of moderate spines, 4 th pair separated.
Abdomen: Last abdominal tergite short, transverse, subfused with epiproct; epiproct semicircular with shallow Y shaped furrow; cerci cylindrical, narrower towards the apex, sinuately curved outside before apex, apex obtuse dark coloured with a minute spinule; subgenital plate roughly triangular with basal angles rounded, basal half portion strongly raised in the midline, apical half portion with fine medial furrow, apex subtruncate, crenulated and obtusely projecting short lateral lobes (Image 1C,D); ovipositor large about four times longer than broad, sabre like, dorsal valves with seven oblique furrows at apex, 2/3 ventral valve and 1/3 dorsal valve dark black (Image 1B).

Discussion
This species is distributed in India, Malaysia, Sumatra, Papua New Guinea, Java, China, Maluk, Indo-China, and Vietnam (http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org, accessed on 30 April 2021). This is the first illustrated report of this species from Western India, and the present record extends its known geographical range from Kolkata   (1939), images and keys on http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org, the specimen recorded from Chandoli National Park is treated here as O. leuconotus. The whitish genae, part of mouth and labrum; pronotal colour and shape; structure of meso-and metasternum; hind tibiae with strong 5 spines dorsally; broad tegmina and ovipositor in the present specimen are identical with O. leuconotus.
de Jong (1939) mentioned important characters for

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it has been found that in addition to large thorns, many small and blunt thorns are also found on femur and tibiae. It seems that the counting of the small spines has not been given importance thus information on this count is given here. Moreover, he mentioned additional character for O. leuconotus that narrow strip of little pits running from the lower margin of the eyes downwards along the genae, which is not found in the other species and the shape of the meso-and metasternum by line drawings. The characters and line drawings of mesoand meta-sternum given by de Jong (1939) are clear in our specimen. In addition, as per the revision of the Pseudophyllinae by Beier (1954), our specimen agrees best with O. leuconotus (Serville 1838). The smooth pronotum, the sinuate shape of the dorsal margin of the tegmen and its venation, and the white band at the genae agree with that species. The pronotum has only one transverse groove in the anterior half of the disc, and the hind margin is acutely angular (de Jong 1939). The line drawing of pronotum on the website of Orthoptera species File (http:// orthoptera.speciesfile.org) shows one transverse and one vertical groove, which intersect horizontal one. However, the pronotum of the specimen under study is having an additional short transverse groove. This is probably because our specimen is female, it may have another groove in it, or it may not have been noticed, as the anterior transverse groove is indistinguishable.

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