Table 1. Food providing plants for pteropodid bats and parts eaten by them

	Family	Species	Bat species
			C. sphinx	R. leschenaultii	P. giganteus
1	Anacardiaceae	Mangifera indica	Fr	Fr	Fr
		Anacardium occidentale	Fr	Fr	Fr
		Lannea coromondelica	Fr	Fr	Fr
2	Annonaceae	Annona squamosa	Fr	Fr	Fr
		Polyalthia longifolia	Fr	Fr	Fr
		Polyalthia latifolia	Fr	Fr	Fr
		Annona reticulata	Fr	Fr	Fr
3	Bombacaceae	Ceiba pentandra	Fl	Fl	Fl/Fr
4	Caesalpiniaceae	Tamarindus indica	L	-	-
		Cassia fistula	L	-	-
5	Caricaceae	Carica papaya	Fr	Fr	Fr
6	Combretaceae	Terminalia catappa	Fr	Fr	Fr
7	Cucurbitaceae	Coccinia grandis	L/Fr	-	-
8	Elaeocarpaceae	Muntingia calabura	Fr	Fr	-
9	Guttiferae	Calophyllum inophyllum	Fr	Fr	Fr
10	Meliaceae	Azadirachta indica	Fr	Fr	Fr
11	Mimosaceae	Pithecellobium dulce	Fr	Fr	-
		Albizia lebbeck	L	-	-
		Prosopis juliflora	Fr	Fr	-
12	Moraceae	Artocarpus integrifolia	-	-	Fr
		Ficus reticulata	Fr	Fr	Fr
		Ficus benghalensis	Fr	Fr	Fr
		Ficus religiosa	Fr	Fr	Fr/L
		Morus alba	Fr	-	-
13	Moringaceae	Moringa oleifera	L	-	-
14	Musaceae	Musa paradisiaca	N/Fr	N/Fr	Fr
15	Myrtaceae	Psidium guajava	Fr	Fr	Fr
		Syzygium cumini	Fr	Fr	Fr
16	Palmae	Borassus flabellifer		Fr+	Fr+
17	Punicaceae	Punica granatum	Fr	Fr	Fr
18	Rutaceae	Murraya koenigii	Fr	-	-
19	Rhamnaceae	Zizyphus jujuba	Fr	-	-
20	Sapotaceae	Bassia latifolia	Fl/Fr	Fl/Fr	Fl/Fr
		Achras sapota	Fr	Fr	Fr
21	Solanaceae	Solanum torvum	Fr	-	-
22	Sterculiaceae	Guazuma tomentosa	Fr	Fr	-
23	Vitaceae	Vitis vinifera	Fr	Fr	-

Table 2. Preference of fruits by pteropodid bats on various developmental stages of fruits of various plant species

	Fruiting tree	Fruit conditioning stage	Bat species
			C. sphinx	R. leschenaultii	P. giganteus
1	Psidium guajava	Immature	-	-	-
		Unripe	-	-	+
		Ripe	+	+	+
2	Bassia latifolia	Immature	-	-	+
		Unripe	-	-	+
		Ripe	+	-	+
3	Ficus religiosa	Immature	-	-	-
		Unripe	-	+	+
		Ripe	+	+	+
4	Ficus benghalensis	Immature	-	-	-
		Unripe	-	-	+
		Ripe	+	+	+
5	Mangifera indica	Immature	-	-	+
		Unripe	-	+	+
		Ripe	+	+	+
6	Muntingia calabura	Immature	-	-	-
		Unripe	+	-	-
		Ripe	+	+	-
7	Syzygium cumini	Immature	-	-	-
		Unripe	+	+	+
		Ripe	+	+	+
8	Terminalia catappa	Immature	-	-	-
		Unripe	+	+	+
		Ripe	+	+	+
9	Polyalthia longifolia	Immature	-	-	-
		Unripe	-	+	+
		Ripe	+	+	+
10	Lannea coromondelica	Immature	-	-	-
		Unripe	-	-	-
		Ripe	+	+	+
11	Ceiba pentandra	Immature	-	-	+
		UnRipe Ripe	-	-	-

Fr - fruit; Fl - flower; N - nectar; L - leaves; + - toddy; - not consumed/eaten

Table 3. Seasonal variation in the availablity of food for pteropodid bats

Species name

Parts eaten by bats

Seasonal availability of food for bats

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

D

1

Mangifera indica

Fr

+

+

+

+

2

Anacardium occidentale

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

3

Lannea coromondelica

Fr

+

+

+

+

4

Annona squamosa

Fr

+

+

+

5

Polyalthia lattifolia

Fr

+

+

+

+

6

Polyalthia longifolia

Fr

+

+

+

+

7

Annona reticulata

Fr

+

+

+

8

Ceiba pentandra

N/Fr

+

+

+/+

/+

9

Tamarindus indica

L

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

10

Cassia fistula

L

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

11

Carica papaya

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

12

Terminalia catappa

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

13

Coccinia grandis

Fr/L

+/+

+/+

+/+

/+

/+

/+

/+

/+

/+

/+

/+

/+

14

Muntingia calabura

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

15

Calophyllum inophyllum

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

16

Azadirachta indica

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

17

Pithecellobium dulce

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

18

Albizia labbeck

L

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

19

Prosobis juliflora

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

20

Atrocarpus integrifolia

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

21

Ficus reticulata

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

22

Ficus benghalensis

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

23

Ficus religiosa

Fr/L

/+

/+

+/+

+/+

/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

/+

/+

/+

/+

24

Morus alba

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

25

Moringa oleifera

Fl/L

/+

/+

/+

/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

26

Musa paradisiaca

Fr/N

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

27

Psidium guajava

Fr/L

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

/+

/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

28

Syzygium cumini

Fr

+

+

+

29

Borassus flabellifer

Fr/T

+/+

+/+

+/+

+/+

30

Punica granatum

Fr/N

/+

/+

+/+

+/+

31

Murraya koenigii

Fr

+

+

+

+

32

Zizyphus jujula

Fr

+

+

+

33

Bassia latifolia

Fl/Fr

+

+/

+/

+/+

/+

/+

/+

34

Achras sapota

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

35

Solanum torvum

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

36

Guazuma tomentosa

Fr

+

+

+

37

Vitis vinifera

Fr

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Frequency

C. sphinx

18

22

27

29

29

30

29

30

26

22

20

20

R. leschenaultii

11

13

16

17

21

22

18

20

17

12

11

10

P. giganteus

8

11

16

19

18

20

16

15

14

10

9

8

Fr - fruit; Fl - flower; N - nectar; L - leaves; T - toddy; + - indicates availability

Table 4. Foraging patterns of pteropodid bats with reference to moon phase

Moon phase	Bat species	Time interval in hours and number of bats observed
		1900 – 2000	2000 – 2100	2100 – 2200	2200 – 2300	2300 – 0000	0000 – 0100	0100 – 0200	0200 – 0300	0300 – 0400	0400 – 0500
First quarter	C. sphinx	63	88	110	100	81	73	70	93	62	41
	R. leschenaultii	21	32	33	41	63	52	43	41	51	34
	P. giganteus	32	49	31	29	31	33	39	26	29	33
Full moon	C. sphinx	59	42	89	61	53	41	39	69	32	23
	R. leschenaultii	19	23	27	26	59	31	29	31	49	17
	P. giganteus	27	41	21	24	19	21	38	24	23	31
Last Quarter	C. sphinx	77	93	123	98	83	57	42	79	32	27
	R. leschenaultii	23	29	37	34	69	31	33	41	58	27
	P. giganteus	31	44	29	23	28	31	46	21	23	29
New moon	C. sphinx	72	95	118	91	77	74	77	112	83	69
	R. leschenaultii	21	29	39	37	58	43	39	33	53	31
	P. giganteus	29	51	39	33	32	33	47	38	39	46

Table 5. Number of bats captured at above and below the canopy level

	Character	Sex and age of C. sphinx						N	Sex and age of R. leschenaultii						N
		Male			Female				Male			Female
		J	SA	A	J	SA	A		J	SA	A	J	SA	A
1	Below the canopy level	44	15	79	52	14	114	318	8	12	5	7	14	8	54
2	Above the canopy level	46	35	29	19	18	29	181	7	26	8	7	14	10	78

J - Juvenile; SA - Sub Adult; A - Adult