Table1.
Different habitats (grasslands, open grounds, dry-mixed semi-evergreen forests,
scrub forests, residential areas and home gardens, limonitic habitats, aerial)
occupied by the bird species recorded within the faculty premises.
|
Species |
IUCN Redlist status (2009) |
Residential status |
Habitat types |
Aerial |
|||||
|
Grasslands |
Open grounds |
Dry-mixed semi-evergreen forest |
Scrub forest |
residential areas & home gardens |
limonitic habitats |
||||
|
Order Pelecaniformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family Pelecanidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis |
NT |
br |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Family Phalacrocoracidae Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
Indian Shag Phalacrocorax fuscicollis |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
Order Ciconiiformes Family Ardeidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Little Egret Egretta garzetta |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
Grey Heron Ardea cinerea |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
Median Egret Mesophoyx
intermedia |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
Great Egret |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
Casmerodius albus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family Ciconiidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala |
NT |
br |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
White-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Asian Open Bill Anastomus oscitans |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family Threskiornithidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus |
NT |
br |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Order Anseriformes Family Dendrocygnidae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Order Falconiformes Family Accipitridae Crested Honey-Buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Brahminy Kite Haliastur Indus |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Shikra Accipiter badius |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Besra Sparrow Hawk Accipiter virgatus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Common Buzzard Buteo buteo |
|
wv |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Black Eagle Ictinaetus malayensis |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Crested Hawk Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus |
|
br |
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Falconidae Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Order Galliformes Family Phasianidae Sri Lanka Spurfowl Galloperdix bicalcarata |
|
brE |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka Junglefowl Gallus lafayettii |
|
brE |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Order Turniciformes Family Turnicidae Barred Bustard-Quail Turnix suscitator |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Order Gruiformes Family Rallidae White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
Order Charadriiformes Family Charadriidae Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malarbaricus |
|
br |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
Family Scolopacidae Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos |
|
wv |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
Order Columbiformes Family Columbidae Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica |
|
br |
|
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Orange-breasted Green Pigeon Treron bicincta |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Pompadour Green Pigeon Treron pompadora |
|
brE |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Green Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Order Psittaciformes Family Psittacidae Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Sri Lankan Lorikeet Loriculus beryllinus |
|
brE |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Layard’s Parakeet Psittacula calthropae |
|
brE |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Order Cuculiformes Family Cuculidae Pied Crested Cucko Oxylophus jacobinus |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Common Hawk Cuckoo Cuculus varius |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Bay-banded Cuckoo Cacomantis sonneratii |
|
br |
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Indian Plantive Cuckoo Cacomantis passerinus |
|
wv |
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Asian Koel Eudynamus scolopacea |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Blue-faced Malkoha Phaenicophaeus viridirostris |
|
br |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Sirkeer Malkoha Phaenicophaeus leschenaultii |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Red-faced Malkoha Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus |
VU |
brE |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Centropodidae Common Coucal Centropus sinensis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Order Strigiformes Family Strigidae Collared Scops Owl Otus bakkamoena |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Forest Eagle Owl Bubo nipalensis |
|
br |
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Brown Wood Owl Strix leptogrammica |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Caprimulgidae Common Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus
asiaticus |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Order Apodiformes Family Apodidae Indian Edible-nest Swift Collocalia unicolor |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
House Swift Apus affinis |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Hemiprocnidae Crested Tree-swift Hemiprocne coronata |
|
br |
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Order Coraciiformes Family Alcedinidae Common Kingfisher |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
Alcedo atthis Three-toed Kingfisher Ceyx erithacus |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
Stork-billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis |
|
br |
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
Family Meropidae Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus |
|
wv |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Coraciidae Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Buceritidae Sri Lankan Gery Hornbill Ocyceros gingalensis |
|
brE |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus |
NT |
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Order Piciformes Family Capitonidae Brown-headed Barbet Megalaima zeylanica |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Small Barbet Megalaima rubricapilla |
|
brE |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Crimson-breasted Barbet Megalaima haemacephala |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Picidae Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopus nanus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Yellow-fronted Pied Woodpecker Dendrocopus mahrattensis |
|
br |
|
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Rufous Woodpecker Celeus brachyurus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Red-backed Woodpecker Dinopium benghalense psarodes |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Crimson-backed Woodpecker Chrysocolaptes lucidus |
|
brE |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Order Passeriformes
Family Pittidae Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura |
|
wv |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Alaudidae Jerdon's Bushlark Mirafra affinis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ashy-crowned Finch Lark Eremopterix grisea |
|
br |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family Hirundinidae Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica |
|
brE |
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
Family Laniidae Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus cristatus |
|
wv |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Philipppine Shrike Lanius cristatus lucionensis |
|
wv |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family Oriolidae Black-headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Dicruridae White-vented Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens |
|
br |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus andamanensis |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
Family Artamidae Ashy Swallow-shrike Artamus fuscus |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family Sturnidae Common Mynah Acridotheres tristis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Hill Mynah Gracula religiosa |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
Family Corvidae House Crow Corvus splendens |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos |
|
br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Campephagidae Large Cuckoo-shrike Coracina macei |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Orange Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Common wood-shrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus |
|
brE |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Black-headed Cuckoo-shrike Coracina melanoptera |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Little Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Bar-winged flycatcher Shrike Hemipus picatus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Irenidae Common Iora Aegithina tiphia |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Jerdon’s Leaf-bird Chloropsis
cochinchinensis |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Gold-fronted Leaf-bird |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Chloropsis aurifrons Family Pycnonotidae Black-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus melanicterus |
|
brE |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer |
|
br |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
White-browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus |
|
br |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Tamaliidae Brown-capped Babbler Pellorneum fuscocapillum |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Rufous-bellied babbler Dumetia hyperythra |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Dark-fronted Babbler Rhopocichla atriceps |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Yellow-billed Babbler Turdoides affinis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Muscicapidae Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica |
|
wv |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Layard’s Flycatcher Muscicapa muttui |
|
wv |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Monarchidae White-browed Fantail Flycatcher Rhipidura aureola |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Sylviidae Streaked Fantail Warbler Cisticola juncidis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franklin’s Prinia Prinia hodgsonii |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Large Prinia Prinia sylvatica |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
White-browed Prinia Prinia inornata |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Blyth’s Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum |
|
wv |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius |
|
br |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Green Tree Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus |
|
wv |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Large-billed Tree Warbler Phylloscopus magnirostris |
|
wv |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Turdidae Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
Black Robin Saxicoloides fulicata |
|
br |
Ö |
Ö |
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Orange-headed Ground Thrush Zoothera citrina cyanotus |
|
wv |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Motacillidae Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus |
|
wv |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava |
|
wv |
|
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea |
|
br |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
Indian Pipit Anthus rufulus |
|
br |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family Dicaeidae Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Tickell's Flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorhynchos |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Nectariniidae Purple-rumped Sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Loten’s Sunbird Nectarinia lotenia |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Zosteropidae Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosa |
|
br |
|
|
Ö |
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Ploceidae House Sparrow Passer domesticus |
|
Br |
|
|
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Family Estrildidae White-backed Munia Lonchura striata |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
Ö |
|
|
|
Black-headed Munia Lonchura malacca |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Order Upupiformes Family Upupidae Common Hoopoe Upupa epops |
|
br |
Ö |
|
|
Ö |
|
|
|
|
Total number of species in each habitat |
|
|
45 |
28 |
68 |
78 |
99 |
18 |
20 |
brE – Breeding resident endemic, br – Breeding resident non-endemics, wv – Winter visitor
Figures:
Image 1: A map of the study site - the Sabaragamuwa
University premises
Image 2: a satellite image of the study site – the
Sabaragamuwa University premises
Figure 1: Number of bird species recorded from each
habitat type in the Sabaragamuwa University premises